Recent presentation given in Bangkok on updated results of the UN Standing Committee on Nutrition 2010 Report on the World Nutrition Status. My research and analysis on iodine status worldwide is included
The world population is currently over 7 billion and growing rapidly, especially in developing countries. India's population reached 1.27 billion in 2013, with high fertility rates contributing to growth. Rapid population increase can both promote and retard economic development by increasing the workforce but also straining resources. Ensuring adequate food supply is challenging with rising demand of 2% annually, though uneven distribution is also a major issue. Reducing population growth through education and prosperity, boosting agricultural productivity, and protecting resources can help balance population and food security.
The document discusses malnutrition in India, outlining key statistics on malnutrition rates among children. It identifies various economic, environmental, cultural, agricultural, health, and policy determinants that contribute to malnutrition. The document proposes an action plan for overcoming malnutrition led by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, including essential nutrition interventions like promoting breastfeeding and complementary feeding, and improving nutrition for women and children.
The document discusses food security and nutrition in Nepal. It begins by defining food security according to the FAO. It then notes that food security is poor in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Western Asia. Almost half of households in Nepal are food insecure. The dimensions of food security include availability, access, utilization, and stability. Food security is directly related to nutritional status, which is influenced by food intake, health status, and other environmental factors. The document then reviews literature on food security and nutrition in Nepal and findings related to differences between urban and rural areas, ecological zones, and provinces.
Food security depends on availability, affordability, and quality/safety of food. The document analyzes threats to food security like weather events, economic and political instability, and population factors. It also discusses effects like hunger and policies by Nigerian governments to address food insecurity, including agricultural programs from the 1970s-2010s. Recommendations include collaborative planning, infrastructure, monitoring/evaluation, and credit access to promote food security.
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight goals with measurable targets and clear deadlines for improving the lives of the world's poorest people. To meet these goals and eradicate poverty, leaders of 189 countries signed the historic millennium declaration at the United Nations Millennium Summit in 2000.
The document discusses food and nutrition security in India, including definitions, current status, and challenges. It summarizes trends showing that while food grain production has increased, per capita availability and intake of some foods have not kept pace with population growth. Undernutrition levels remain high, with nearly half of children underweight or stunted. The National Food Security Act aims to guarantee food access, but implementation challenges include accurately identifying beneficiaries and ensuring balanced diets. Nutrition security requires a holistic, lifelong approach beyond food grains to include water, sanitation, healthcare, and education.
Prof. CHEN Mengshan, Chair of State Food and Nutrition Consultant Committee (SFNCC), former Secretary of the Leading Party Group of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)
Ms. ZHAI Lin, Department of International Cooperation, CAAS
Mr. QIN Lang, Strategic Planning Office, CAAS
29 Nov 2018
1) Food security exists when all people have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs for an active and healthy life.
2) Around 870 million people, or 12.5% of the global population, were undernourished between 2010-2012. Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia have the highest levels of hunger.
3) India alone accounts for over half of all malnutrition-related child deaths worldwide despite growing enough food to meet its population's needs. High poverty, lower incomes, and poor infrastructure contribute to India's food insecurity challenges.
The world population is currently over 7 billion and growing rapidly, especially in developing countries. India's population reached 1.27 billion in 2013, with high fertility rates contributing to growth. Rapid population increase can both promote and retard economic development by increasing the workforce but also straining resources. Ensuring adequate food supply is challenging with rising demand of 2% annually, though uneven distribution is also a major issue. Reducing population growth through education and prosperity, boosting agricultural productivity, and protecting resources can help balance population and food security.
The document discusses malnutrition in India, outlining key statistics on malnutrition rates among children. It identifies various economic, environmental, cultural, agricultural, health, and policy determinants that contribute to malnutrition. The document proposes an action plan for overcoming malnutrition led by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, including essential nutrition interventions like promoting breastfeeding and complementary feeding, and improving nutrition for women and children.
The document discusses food security and nutrition in Nepal. It begins by defining food security according to the FAO. It then notes that food security is poor in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Western Asia. Almost half of households in Nepal are food insecure. The dimensions of food security include availability, access, utilization, and stability. Food security is directly related to nutritional status, which is influenced by food intake, health status, and other environmental factors. The document then reviews literature on food security and nutrition in Nepal and findings related to differences between urban and rural areas, ecological zones, and provinces.
Food security depends on availability, affordability, and quality/safety of food. The document analyzes threats to food security like weather events, economic and political instability, and population factors. It also discusses effects like hunger and policies by Nigerian governments to address food insecurity, including agricultural programs from the 1970s-2010s. Recommendations include collaborative planning, infrastructure, monitoring/evaluation, and credit access to promote food security.
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight goals with measurable targets and clear deadlines for improving the lives of the world's poorest people. To meet these goals and eradicate poverty, leaders of 189 countries signed the historic millennium declaration at the United Nations Millennium Summit in 2000.
The document discusses food and nutrition security in India, including definitions, current status, and challenges. It summarizes trends showing that while food grain production has increased, per capita availability and intake of some foods have not kept pace with population growth. Undernutrition levels remain high, with nearly half of children underweight or stunted. The National Food Security Act aims to guarantee food access, but implementation challenges include accurately identifying beneficiaries and ensuring balanced diets. Nutrition security requires a holistic, lifelong approach beyond food grains to include water, sanitation, healthcare, and education.
Prof. CHEN Mengshan, Chair of State Food and Nutrition Consultant Committee (SFNCC), former Secretary of the Leading Party Group of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)
Ms. ZHAI Lin, Department of International Cooperation, CAAS
Mr. QIN Lang, Strategic Planning Office, CAAS
29 Nov 2018
1) Food security exists when all people have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs for an active and healthy life.
2) Around 870 million people, or 12.5% of the global population, were undernourished between 2010-2012. Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia have the highest levels of hunger.
3) India alone accounts for over half of all malnutrition-related child deaths worldwide despite growing enough food to meet its population's needs. High poverty, lower incomes, and poor infrastructure contribute to India's food insecurity challenges.
The document discusses challenges to global food security, including rising populations, decreasing agricultural land, climate change, natural disasters, conflicts, and poverty. It notes that over 900 million people worldwide do not have enough food. Key factors exacerbating food insecurity are increases in food and fuel prices, biofuel production, and imbalanced international trade policies. The document also outlines Malaysia's national food security policy and initiatives to increase agricultural output and ensure adequate, safe food supplies.
Food security is a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life
The Global Hunger Index (GHI) report ranks India 101st out of 116 countries in 2021 based on undernourishment, child wasting, stunting, and mortality rates. India's GHI score of 27.5 indicates serious hunger levels. While India has made progress since 2000 by reducing undernourishment and child mortality, child stunting remains very high at 34.7% and child wasting is the highest of all countries at 17.3%. The Indian government criticized the report, arguing the methodology is unscientific and does not account for efforts made during the Covid pandemic to ensure food security.
Presentation made by Hina Nazli, Amina Mehmood, and Asma Shahzad on October 2, 2014 in Islamabad, Pakistan at the policy seminar "Food Consumption Pattern and Nutritional Status in Pakistan."
Food security at the national level refers to availability in the country of sufficient stocks of food to meet domestic demand through domestic supply or imports
Global Food Security Challenges and OpportunitiesShenggen Fan
Global food security faces many challenges including volatile food prices, population growth, land and water constraints, climate change, and the increasing demand for biofuels. To address these issues, the document calls for a development agenda with greater support for food security through investments in agriculture, safety nets, land and water productivity, and climate change adaptation. It also emphasizes the crucial role policy research can play in informing investments and policies to promote food security through impacts on areas like poverty reduction, resource allocation, and agricultural technology development and adoption.
Agricultural transformation in Cambodia has had mixed effects on food and nutrition security according to a study analyzing survey data. While per capita expenditure and commercialization indicators like the share of food purchases were positively associated with dietary diversity, some farm households saw worse nutrition outcomes. Subsistence farmers in particular experienced lower child weight-for-age z-scores compared to commercializing farmers, suggesting current agricultural policy may not benefit the most vulnerable. The results indicate Cambodia needs policies that ensure agricultural growth improves nutrition for all households, especially the poorest.
The document discusses global and South African issues related to food security and agriculture. Globally, food prices have risen significantly in recent years, pushing more people into hunger. Key challenges to ensuring global food security include poverty, conflicts, climate change, and the increasing use of food crops for biofuels. In South Africa, while the country produces enough food overall, many people still lack reliable access to adequate nutrition. High unemployment, HIV/AIDS, and historical inequalities continue to undermine food security. Government policies aim to address these challenges and transform the agricultural sector, but more support is needed, particularly for small-scale and women farmers through improved access to resources and markets.
Addressing food and nutrition security in developing countries depends on livelihood security, vulnerability, and coping strategies. Food security exists when all people have reliable access to sufficient nutritious food. Key elements of food security assessments include livelihoods, vulnerability to risks and shocks, and coping strategies. The three pillars of food security are availability of food, access to food, and utilization of food. Malnutrition is a global problem impacting health, growth, and development. An integrated approach blending traditional and modern agricultural and nutrition practices can help support food and nutrition security.
Food security exists when all people have reliable physical, social, and economic access to sufficient nutritious food to live an active and healthy life. Food security has three key pillars - availability, which examines if coordination of land and water governance improves food availability; access, which looks at if systems and policies enable access to available food; and utilization, which considers if acquired food can be properly used. Any assessment of food security must consider the specific context.
This document provides an overview of food, nutrition, and health in Pakistan. It discusses Pakistan's demographic indicators and food security situation. Key points of malnutrition are highlighted, including stunting, wasting, underweight rates, and micronutrient deficiencies. Overweight and obesity are also addressed as indicators of malnutrition. Chronic diseases related to overweight and obesity like high cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes are examined.
Explains the concept of food security,describes the challenges it is facing at global level and comes up with a set of recommendations to respond to these challenges at country level and at the global level
Low birth beight and associated maternal factors in ghanaAlexander Decker
This study examined the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) in Ghana and its association with maternal factors using data from the 2011 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. The estimated LBW prevalence was 9.2%, higher than other parts of the world. Factors found to be highly significantly associated with LBW included antenatal care, mother's educational level, location, and economic status. Maternal age under 24 or over 35, giving birth in the Central region, and having more than four children were also found to increase LBW risk. However, factors like malaria in pregnancy, ethnicity, and marital status were not significantly associated with LBW.
Joint Presentation Food Crisis In Pakistan April 08aghaimranhamid
The document presents information on the current global and Pakistan-specific food crisis and soaring food prices. It discusses the drivers of soaring global food prices including low cereal production growth, declining cereal stocks, rising oil prices, increased biofuels production, and inadequate agriculture and trade policies. It notes that Pakistan is among the many countries facing a food crisis with 60 million already food insecure and 17 million more at risk. Food prices in Pakistan have risen significantly since 2006 due to high international prices, fuel price hikes, domestic production shortfalls, and other factors. The document proposes short, medium and long term mitigation programs and an advisory, advocacy, convening and service provider role for UN agencies in Pakistan.
Save the Children's emergency health and nutrition program in Ethiopia aims to provide both immediate relief and long-term development through integrated health and nutrition activities. Over 13 million people in Ethiopia are dependent on food aid due to a food crisis that has killed tens of thousands. The program conducts early warning monitoring, nutrition surveys, rapid assessments, and establishes therapeutic feeding centers, supplementary feeding programs, and outpatient therapeutic care. Community-based therapeutic care seeks to treat malnutrition in households and communities using ready-to-use therapeutic foods to improve coverage compared to center-based therapeutic feeding centers.
The document discusses creating healthier food choices for emergency food programs. It notes challenges like lack of affordable, quality food outlets and overconsumption of unhealthy foods. Improving nutrition is important because malnutrition impacts health, learning, and productivity. The food bank developed a system to analyze foods' nutrient content and provide healthier options while increasing pounds of food distributed. Their goals are to improve quality, acquire nutritious low-cost food, and meet growing need in a way that positively impacts health.
The document discusses challenges to global food security, including rising populations, decreasing agricultural land, climate change, natural disasters, conflicts, and poverty. It notes that over 900 million people worldwide do not have enough food. Key factors exacerbating food insecurity are increases in food and fuel prices, biofuel production, and imbalanced international trade policies. The document also outlines Malaysia's national food security policy and initiatives to increase agricultural output and ensure adequate, safe food supplies.
Food security is a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life
The Global Hunger Index (GHI) report ranks India 101st out of 116 countries in 2021 based on undernourishment, child wasting, stunting, and mortality rates. India's GHI score of 27.5 indicates serious hunger levels. While India has made progress since 2000 by reducing undernourishment and child mortality, child stunting remains very high at 34.7% and child wasting is the highest of all countries at 17.3%. The Indian government criticized the report, arguing the methodology is unscientific and does not account for efforts made during the Covid pandemic to ensure food security.
Presentation made by Hina Nazli, Amina Mehmood, and Asma Shahzad on October 2, 2014 in Islamabad, Pakistan at the policy seminar "Food Consumption Pattern and Nutritional Status in Pakistan."
Food security at the national level refers to availability in the country of sufficient stocks of food to meet domestic demand through domestic supply or imports
Global Food Security Challenges and OpportunitiesShenggen Fan
Global food security faces many challenges including volatile food prices, population growth, land and water constraints, climate change, and the increasing demand for biofuels. To address these issues, the document calls for a development agenda with greater support for food security through investments in agriculture, safety nets, land and water productivity, and climate change adaptation. It also emphasizes the crucial role policy research can play in informing investments and policies to promote food security through impacts on areas like poverty reduction, resource allocation, and agricultural technology development and adoption.
Agricultural transformation in Cambodia has had mixed effects on food and nutrition security according to a study analyzing survey data. While per capita expenditure and commercialization indicators like the share of food purchases were positively associated with dietary diversity, some farm households saw worse nutrition outcomes. Subsistence farmers in particular experienced lower child weight-for-age z-scores compared to commercializing farmers, suggesting current agricultural policy may not benefit the most vulnerable. The results indicate Cambodia needs policies that ensure agricultural growth improves nutrition for all households, especially the poorest.
The document discusses global and South African issues related to food security and agriculture. Globally, food prices have risen significantly in recent years, pushing more people into hunger. Key challenges to ensuring global food security include poverty, conflicts, climate change, and the increasing use of food crops for biofuels. In South Africa, while the country produces enough food overall, many people still lack reliable access to adequate nutrition. High unemployment, HIV/AIDS, and historical inequalities continue to undermine food security. Government policies aim to address these challenges and transform the agricultural sector, but more support is needed, particularly for small-scale and women farmers through improved access to resources and markets.
Addressing food and nutrition security in developing countries depends on livelihood security, vulnerability, and coping strategies. Food security exists when all people have reliable access to sufficient nutritious food. Key elements of food security assessments include livelihoods, vulnerability to risks and shocks, and coping strategies. The three pillars of food security are availability of food, access to food, and utilization of food. Malnutrition is a global problem impacting health, growth, and development. An integrated approach blending traditional and modern agricultural and nutrition practices can help support food and nutrition security.
Food security exists when all people have reliable physical, social, and economic access to sufficient nutritious food to live an active and healthy life. Food security has three key pillars - availability, which examines if coordination of land and water governance improves food availability; access, which looks at if systems and policies enable access to available food; and utilization, which considers if acquired food can be properly used. Any assessment of food security must consider the specific context.
This document provides an overview of food, nutrition, and health in Pakistan. It discusses Pakistan's demographic indicators and food security situation. Key points of malnutrition are highlighted, including stunting, wasting, underweight rates, and micronutrient deficiencies. Overweight and obesity are also addressed as indicators of malnutrition. Chronic diseases related to overweight and obesity like high cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes are examined.
Explains the concept of food security,describes the challenges it is facing at global level and comes up with a set of recommendations to respond to these challenges at country level and at the global level
Low birth beight and associated maternal factors in ghanaAlexander Decker
This study examined the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) in Ghana and its association with maternal factors using data from the 2011 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. The estimated LBW prevalence was 9.2%, higher than other parts of the world. Factors found to be highly significantly associated with LBW included antenatal care, mother's educational level, location, and economic status. Maternal age under 24 or over 35, giving birth in the Central region, and having more than four children were also found to increase LBW risk. However, factors like malaria in pregnancy, ethnicity, and marital status were not significantly associated with LBW.
Joint Presentation Food Crisis In Pakistan April 08aghaimranhamid
The document presents information on the current global and Pakistan-specific food crisis and soaring food prices. It discusses the drivers of soaring global food prices including low cereal production growth, declining cereal stocks, rising oil prices, increased biofuels production, and inadequate agriculture and trade policies. It notes that Pakistan is among the many countries facing a food crisis with 60 million already food insecure and 17 million more at risk. Food prices in Pakistan have risen significantly since 2006 due to high international prices, fuel price hikes, domestic production shortfalls, and other factors. The document proposes short, medium and long term mitigation programs and an advisory, advocacy, convening and service provider role for UN agencies in Pakistan.
Save the Children's emergency health and nutrition program in Ethiopia aims to provide both immediate relief and long-term development through integrated health and nutrition activities. Over 13 million people in Ethiopia are dependent on food aid due to a food crisis that has killed tens of thousands. The program conducts early warning monitoring, nutrition surveys, rapid assessments, and establishes therapeutic feeding centers, supplementary feeding programs, and outpatient therapeutic care. Community-based therapeutic care seeks to treat malnutrition in households and communities using ready-to-use therapeutic foods to improve coverage compared to center-based therapeutic feeding centers.
The document discusses creating healthier food choices for emergency food programs. It notes challenges like lack of affordable, quality food outlets and overconsumption of unhealthy foods. Improving nutrition is important because malnutrition impacts health, learning, and productivity. The food bank developed a system to analyze foods' nutrient content and provide healthier options while increasing pounds of food distributed. Their goals are to improve quality, acquire nutritious low-cost food, and meet growing need in a way that positively impacts health.
UNICEF Nutrition Emergency Infograph-Ethoipia-8 September 2016Kiyeon Yoon
This document summarizes nutrition data from priority districts in Ethiopia in 2015-2016. It shows that 91.1% of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) were cured, 0.2% died, 1.8% defaulted from treatment programs, and 6.9% fell into other categories. Performance met international standards. The number of outpatient therapeutic feeding programs and stabilization centers increased from July 2015 to July 2016. UNICEF is supporting the government to respond to the emergency and coordinate with other organizations. Challenges include delays in delivering specialized foods and potential additional flooding.
WHO Ethiopia supported the Ethiopian government in responding to several public health emergencies from 2014 to 2015. These included a refugee crisis in Gambella region due to South Sudanese refugees, a nutrition emergency in Somali region caused by drought, Ebola virus disease preparedness, and disease outbreaks such as yellow fever, dengue fever, and measles. WHO provided technical support, training, medical supplies and helped coordinate responses. Key activities included supporting vaccination campaigns, outbreak investigations, and establishing emergency coordination committees.
Bruce Cogill (Bioversity) - Nutrition and Marketing Diversity ProgrammeACIAR
Bruce Cogill is the leader of the Nutrition and Marketing Diversity Programme at Bioversity International. The programme aims to 1) strengthen the evidence base for the role of biodiversity in nutrition and health, 2) conduct operations research on agricultural biodiversity practices to improve food and nutrition security, 3) promote more nutritious foods through value chains, and 4) inform nutrition and health policy. Primary beneficiaries include smallholder farmers, urban populations without dietary diversity, and food-insecure communities. Current projects examine the cost and nutritional contribution of local foods, infant and child feeding practices in Benin, market access and nutrition, and the impact of agrobiodiversity on women's and children's nutrition in Kenya.
Social Protection and Its Impact on Food and Nutrition SecurityPascal Corbé
This document summarizes learnings from missions by GDC to Ethiopia, Cambodia, and Malawi on how social protection programs can benefit food and nutrition security. Key findings include: 1) Social protection programs can impact food access and other determinants of nutrition if designed sensitively; 2) They can form the cornerstone of national food and nutrition policies; 3) They provide an alternative to recurrent emergency aid if made shock-responsive. The document outlines options for strengthening programs in each country, such as improving cross-sectoral cooperation in Ethiopia's PSNP or increasing the nutritional impact of Malawi's social cash transfer program.
The number of forcibly displaced people worldwide has surpassed 50 million for the first time since World War II according to the UN refugee agency. This includes over 200 Eritrean asylum seekers living on the streets in Yemen and thousands of people who have fled violence in Iraq, Sudan, Pakistan, and Syria and are living in refugee camps with poor conditions. The crisis affects millions of children and families who have been displaced and are struggling to get basic needs.
This document discusses the livelihoods of Afghan refugees in Pakistan. It examines how their human and social capital affects their livelihood strategies and outcomes. The document outlines the sustainable livelihoods framework and analyzes rural livelihood systems separately for males and females. It concludes that Afghan refugees with higher social capital, mostly men, have more economically active livelihood strategies. However, their social networks and support were diminished when they fled Afghanistan. Educational attainment rates are above 33% but many refugees work in unstable day labor jobs.
Ahmed 1 the food and nutrition situation in bangladeshSizwan Ahammed
The document summarizes the food and nutrition situation in Bangladesh. It finds that malnutrition remains a major problem, with underweight prevalence among under-5 children at 47% in 2005-2006. The prevalence has declined but the rate of reduction is slowing. Key causes of malnutrition include poverty, food insecurity, poor maternal nutrition, and frequent illnesses. Evidence-based interventions to address undernutrition include promotion of breastfeeding, complementary feeding, vitamin A and zinc supplementation, and treatment of severe acute malnutrition. However, coverage of interventions needs to increase substantially to have a greater impact on reducing stunting and deaths.
Relevance of Contingency Planning to the Humanitarian Nutrition Cluster, Assessment of Nutrition Cluster contingency planning globally, analysis of challenges and lessons learnt of cluster contingency planning
The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) was formed in 1946 to provide humanitarian assistance to children in developing countries. It aims to develop community services to promote children's health and well-being in areas such as nutrition, immunization, water and sanitation, education, and child protection. UNICEF operates in 191 countries through country programs and national committees, guided by a 36-member executive board. It focuses on issues like nutrition, immunization, HIV prevention, water and sanitation, education, and protecting children from violence.
The document discusses the need for a sustainable global food system by 2030 to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goal of ending hunger and malnutrition. It outlines a vision for increasing food production by 35% while reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture by 25%. However, current trends are projected to fall short, with only a 13% increase in food and a 0.5% increase in undernourishment by 2030. The global food system needs reforms across producers, processors, and consumers to shift from exacerbating problems to delivering improved nutrition, health, and sustainability outcomes for all.
One of the most controversial aspects of our food system is the role of genetically engineered crop varieties. While proponents argue GE crops can increase yields to feed a growing population, critics warn that reliance on this single technological solution cannot address the root causes of global hunger. The problems with our food system lie deeper than issues of production, as evidenced by the paradox of food waste amidst hunger even in countries like the US where GE crops are most widely used. True solutions require addressing inefficiencies and inequalities across the entire food system through sustainable, locally-adapted policies and behaviors rather than promises of any single "golden ticket."
Apoiar a Amamentação para um planeta mais saudável
#WBW2020 Support breastfeeding for a healthier planet
A WABA - World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action (Aliança Mundial para Ação de Aleitamento Materno) acaba de definir o tema e o slogan para a #SMAM2020 (#WBW2020).
A Semana Mundial de 2020 se concentrará no impacto da alimentação infantil no meio ambiente, nas mudanças climáticas e na necessidade urgente de proteger, promover e apoiar o aleitamento materno para a saúde do planeta e de seu povo.
O slogan para #WBW2020 é
Apoiar a amamentação para um planeta mais saudável
Em breve, publicaremos o fôlder em português.
Amamentar é um ato Ecológico!
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
http://www.aleitamento.com/promocao/conteudo.asp?cod=2491
Executive summary 2021 Global Nutrition ReportCIkumparan
1) Progress is being made on some global nutrition targets but not others, and accelerated efforts are needed. Most countries are not on track to meet targets for stunting, wasting, anaemia, obesity, and diet-related diseases. Covid-19 has exacerbated the problem.
2) Unhealthy and unsustainable diets are harming health and the environment. No region meets recommendations for healthy diets, while diet-related deaths and environmental impacts are rising.
3) Financing needs to meet nutrition targets are growing but resources are falling, though the economic costs of inaction are far greater. Traditional and innovative financing must be expanded to close the gap.
An investment framework for nutrition
Meera Shekar The World Bank
Special Event - Meeting the challenge of a new era for achieving healthy diet and nutrition: outcomes of the 2nd Global Nutrition Policy Review, organized by WHO
Malnutrition is a major problem in India, with over 1/3 of the world's malnourished children living in India. The document outlines the scope and causes of malnutrition in India. Major causes include poverty, food prices, dietary practices, lack of breastfeeding, and gender inequality. It then proposes multi-sector solutions that address the issue across the entire lifecycle through both direct interventions like supplements and feeding practices, and indirect interventions like access to water/sanitation, education, and socio-cultural factors. The solutions framework is based on principles of addressing the nutrient deficit, breaking intergenerational cycles, and coordinated multi-sector actions. Mega coordination across ministries and sectors is needed to effectively implement the solutions
The document summarizes key findings from the 2020 UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Group joint report on child malnutrition estimates. It finds that in 2019:
- 144 million children under 5 were stunted (too short for their age) globally, with over half living in Asia and two-fifths in Africa.
- 47 million children under 5 were wasted (too thin for their height) globally, with over two-thirds living in Asia and over one-quarter in Africa.
- 38 million children under 5 were overweight globally, with around half living in Asia and one-quarter in Africa.
Decades of economic growth and development along with better governance and nutrition-specific programmes had lifted hundreds of millions of people in Asia out of poverty, as well as starvation and malnutrition. However, due to the uneven development, while a large segment of Asian's population had changed their eating habits to over-nutrition diets and worrying about lifestyle diseases like diabetes, cancer and heart diseases, there are still some countries and regions suffering from lack of nutrition. For example, childhood malnutrition and stunting is still prevalent in South Asia, one Indian survey found that 21% of children suffer wasting, and a further 7.5% of children suffer it severely.
For more details, please visit: https://eiuperspectives.economist.com/sustainability/fixing-asias-food-system/white-paper/food-thought-eating-better?utm_source=OrganicSocial&utm_medium=Slideshare&utm_campaign=Amundi&utm_content=Slideshare_whitepaper
World hunger is increasing, with the number of hungry people rising by 10 million in the last year and nearly 60 million in the past five years. The world is not on track to eliminate hunger and malnutrition by 2030. The COVID-19 pandemic threatens to increase the number of undernourished people by as many as 132 million this year alone. Unhealthy and expensive diets are associated with rising food insecurity and forms of malnutrition like stunting, overweight, and obesity. Food systems must be transformed to make nutritious foods more affordable and reduce costs so that healthy diets are accessible to all people worldwide.
This document discusses malnutrition in Latin America and the Caribbean. It provides details on Guyana's efforts to address malnutrition through various policies and strategies. Some key points:
- Guyana is fully committed to reducing malnutrition through the Regional Hunger-Free Initiative and has aligned its own timeline with this initiative's goal of eliminating hunger in Latin America and the Caribbean by 2025.
- Guyana's food and nutrition security strategy has goals around sustainable employment, nutrition education, and institutional coordination to improve food and nutrition security.
- Guyana recognizes malnutrition as a multi-sector problem and is taking a multi-partnership approach involving sectors like health, agriculture, and economics to develop solutions.
- Specific strategies mentioned
Crop failures can result from adverse weather conditions, pests, diseases, or poor farming practices and negatively impact food prices, nutrition, and local economies. Climate change exacerbates these risks by increasing extreme weather events and reducing crop yields. It also threatens food access by raising food prices when supply is low and decreases nutritional value by reducing protein and micronutrient content in crops. Food waste is another issue, with about a third of global food production lost between farm and market or market and table. International cooperation on sustainable agriculture, nutrition, and food systems is needed to ensure global food security.
This review paper examines evidence on dietary and other factors that influence weight gain and obesity at the population level. It finds convincing evidence that regular physical activity and high fiber intake protect against obesity, while sedentary lifestyles and consumption of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods increase obesity risk. It recommends a range of strategies to address obesity, including making healthy foods more available, limiting marketing of unhealthy foods to children, promoting active transportation, and improving health services and messaging around nutrition and physical activity. Comprehensive programs are needed to reverse obesity epidemic trends affecting both rich and poor countries.
This presentation aims at explaining all the components of malnutrition. Such as types, causes, criteria of diagnosis, treatment & Government health initiatives to tackle the problem of malnutrition.
The document discusses food security challenges facing the world by 2050. Key points include:
- Global food production must increase 70% by 2050 to feed a rising population expected to reach 9.1 billion.
- Hunger currently affects over 821 million people worldwide and billions lack reliable access to nutritious food.
- Factors exacerbating food insecurity include population growth, changing diets, climate change, water scarcity, soil erosion, and plateauing crop yields.
- Solutions proposed are closing yield gaps, raising water productivity, balancing calorie and nutrient needs, reducing food waste, and supporting young farmers. UN agencies are working on programs like Zero Hunger to end hunger by 2030.
This document provides an executive summary of the 2018 Global Nutrition Report. It finds that while malnutrition is a global issue and progress has been slow, opportunities now exist to address it through commitments like the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition and the Sustainable Development Goals. The burden of malnutrition remains high in multiple forms among children and adults worldwide. However, countries are increasingly establishing policies and targets to tackle malnutrition, though financing remains a challenge to deliver on these commitments. Data and understanding of effective solutions are improving but must be translated into urgent, comprehensive action to achieve nutrition goals.
Feeding the World "Healthily" by 2050 - Professor Ricardo Uauy, London School...LIDC
The document discusses feeding the world healthily in 2050 and outlines several key challenges:
1) The world population is expected to continue growing, putting pressure on global food systems.
2) There are large disparities in food expenditures between wealthy and poor families worldwide.
3) Malnutrition remains a major risk factor for disease globally and is responsible for many deaths, especially in children under 5.
4) Both undernutrition and overnutrition pose health challenges, with a shift needed toward more nutritious diets.
Feeding the World "Healthily" by 2050 - Professor Ricardo Uauy, London School...
6th Rwns Bangkok 101009 Summary
1. 6th Report on the World Nutrition Situation Roger Shrimpton and John Mason Bangkok 10 October 2009 1 UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM Standing Committee on Nutrition http://www.unscn.org
2. Content Introduction Regional trends Maternal nutrition and the intergenerational cycle of growth failure Sustainable Food Security: an overview of some key issues Nutrition Governance Conclusions 2
3. 2. Regional trends Regional Trends in Malnutrition Results for the UN SCN 6th Report on the World Nutrition Situation SCN meeting, Bangkok, 10 October 2009 J Mason and R Shrimpton Based on the work of: Lisa Saldanha, BibiAl-Ebrahim, Emily Cercone, Linda Heron, Katie Robinette, and AmitWadhwa in the Department of International Health and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. 3
4. ● ▬ ● ▬ ● 2000s 1990s 1980s s 2. Regional trends Changes in regional estimates of low birth weight and underweight children,1980s to 2000s, showing that underweight tends to move with low birth weight towards zero prevalence; the length of the lines indicates extent of improvement over the approximately 20 year period. Underweight prevalences and low birth weight move together towards 0% 4
5. ● ▬ ● 2000s 1980s 2. Regional trends Change in regional estimates of low birth weight and underweight women (unweighted estimates with available data) 1980s to 2000s, showing incidence of low birth weight tends to move with prevalence of low BMI in women. Low birth weight and low BMI in women move together towards low levels of each 5
6. 2. Regional trends Summary of numbers of countries with child underweight changes improving, none, or deteriorating, from repeated national surveys with latest result >=2000. MDG rate 6
7. 2. Regional trends Figure U2. Associations between underweight and stunting, from survey results 1990-2007, by region. Stunting and underweight move together in Africa and Asia, but not in poor S. and C American countries where stunting is much higher. Africa Regression results for 3 regions together. Stunting = 20.502 + (0.894 * uwt) – 5.495 (dummy for Asia) – 14.261 (dummy for SC Amer/Caribb) + 1.036 (interaction: dummy for SC Amer/Caribb * uwt). All coefficients significant p=0.000; interaction for Asia NS when in model. N=232, adj R squ = 0.764. CS Amer Caribb Asia 7
8. 2. Regional trends Figure VA1. Trends in VAD (prevalence of serum retinol < 20 mcg/dl in children < 5yrs) Shouldn’t these rates be faster with high coverage of VAC distribution? (Do VACs affect VAD?) 8
9. 2. Regional trends Figure An1. Trends in anemia in non-pregnant women by region This seems the most intractable problem – a breakthrough is needed. (Fortify rice successfully?) 9
10. 2. Regional trends Figure I3. Predicted numbers of people (developing countries) with goitre if there were no iodized salt, compared with current estimate (with 68% iodized salt coverage). An estimated 2 billion people would have goitre if there were no iodized salt, compared with an estimated 0.7 billion with the current coverage of about 70%. 10
14. 3. Maternal nutrition and the intergenerational cycle of growth failure Can this be made into a virtuous cycle? Figure 1 Intergenerational cycle of growth failure (ACC/SCN 1992) 14
15.
16. Not just more quantity but also improved diet quality (fortification and supplementation) can help achieve this, especially if mother reached during first half of pregnancy (+100g)
17. yet maternal anaemia rates are very high and little priority given to this (except PROGRESA)
18.
19. For each year that median age first pregnancy can be extended beyond 15y to 20y, an additional 1cm could be added to final adult woman's height.
21. Beware: Food supplementation of the still growing primiparous pregnant adolescent decreases birth weight and increases risk of maternal obesity
22.
23. Height at two years of age largely determines adult height (Cole 2000)
24. Those born LBW are 5cm shorter at adulthood (Martorell et al 1998)
25. Half of stunting occurs in uterus and half in first two years of life (Li et al 2003)The GROWTH” WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY” IS FROM CONCEPTION TO TWO YEARS
26.
27. The UNICEF nutrition conceptual framework focussed on child malnutrition (not maternal malnutrition)
28. The revolution would have been even more successful if the original GOBI-FFF had been maintained (UNICEF 1982).
33. But small increase in birth weight can be magnified across the life course (e.g. 100g in birth weight is 20% reduction in stunting at two years Kusin et al 1998))
34.
35.
36.
37. DC fertility down from 5 to less than 3, while LDCs fertility is still at 4.5.
58. Most investment goes into withdrawal of underground water and 70-80% is used for irrigation. Extraction levels exceed replacement levels in most places.
60. Levels of CO2, Methane and Nitrous Oxide produced on earth are increasing. These accumulate in the atmosphere and help trap the suns energy like in a greenhouseSource: (UNEP GEO4 and IAASTD 2009)
61.
62. Are now at higher levels than ever before in the earths history
84. Despite these set backs the MDG 1a target is still likely to be met globally as well as in many regionsSource: UN 2009. The Millennium Development Report 2009. New York: United Nations 34
85.
86.
87. The surge in food prices since 2002 wiped out much of the global gains in hunger reduction achieved over the previous two decades.
88. About 1 billion people were undernourished in 2009, with most of these hungry people are in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa
89.
90. Only 20% globally have adequate social security, and 50% lack any type of protection.
92. Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) programmes are increasingly seen as one of the most effective ways to spearhead the development of social protection programmes in developing countries
93.
94.
95. This shift may call for changing the incentive systems for all actors along the value chain to internalize as many externalities as possible, and so reduce the “socially regrettables”. The concept of food sovereignty as proposed by “La Via Campesina” may well offer the most sure way ahead. (Rosset P 2008.)
96. 39 4. Sustainable Food Security WHAT CAN BE DONE TO ENSURE SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY? The Environmental Food Crisis Report (UNEP 2009) makes seven major recommendations: Regulate food prices and provide safety nets for the impoverished, Promote environmentally sustainable higher-generation biofuels that do not compete for cropland and water resources, Reallocate cereals used in animal feed to human consumption by developing alternative feeds based on new technology, waste and discards, Support small-scale farmers by a global fund for micro-finance in developing diversified and resilient eco-agriculture and intercropping systems, Increase trade and market access by improving infrastructure, reducing trade barriers, enhancing government subsidies and safety nets, as well as reducing armed conflict and corruption, Limit global warming, Raise awareness of the pressures of increasing population growth and consumption patterns on ecosystems.
97.
98. the focus on smallholder farmers in response to the current crisis;