This document summarizes the turnaround in health and education in the Indian state of Bihar from 2005-2010. It describes how Bihar had fallen behind other states economically and in terms of development by 2005, with high crime rates, poor infrastructure, and low education and health indicators. Through focused policy changes and increased funding and monitoring of programs, Bihar was able to significantly improve law and order, build roads, boost education access and quality like increasing the number of schools, toilets, and textbooks, and dramatically improve health indicators like institutional child delivery and immunization rates between 2004-05 and 2010-11. However, challenges remain around quality, infrastructure, and leakage within the system.