presentation file related to sanitation situation in south lampung regency , indonesia. this file was presented on water quality and sanitation training in beijing, china, 2014
SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES IN WATER SUPPLY & SANITATIONRAMSIDDARTHAN .
1. The document discusses sustainable strategies for water supply and sanitation. It covers various topics including the importance of water, different water sources, the hydrological cycle, water distribution on Earth, portable water, domestic water uses, water pollution, and improving water quality.
2. It also discusses sustainability, factors affecting water source sustainability, elements of sustainability, ground and surface water harvesting systems, and a support model for selecting sustainable structures.
3. The document provides information on sanitation challenges in India, definitions of sanitation, steps to solve sanitation problems, available sanitation technologies, criteria for selecting technologies, and strategies for successful sanitation projects in developing countries.
Water quality is a major issue for rural populations in India. While access to drinking water has improved, the quality is often poor, resulting in health problems. Over 700 million rural Indians get their water from over 1.4 million sources, but arsenic, fluoride, and other contaminants affect many habitations. Providing safe drinking water presents enormous challenges given India's diversity and development gaps. Community involvement is key to maintaining water quality through monitoring, hygiene practices, and simple remedial measures.
This document summarizes the National Drinking Water Mission in India. The key points are:
- The mission aims to provide safe drinking water to all rural individuals on a sustainable basis.
- It focuses on decentralization and community involvement through local governments to manage local water sources and systems.
- The program has various components like coverage, sustainability, water quality management, and operation and maintenance. Funding is provided to states based on rural population criteria.
- The goal is to ensure drinking water security at the household level through integrated water management and a decentralized approach.
INDIA-Rural Water Supply and Institutionsmichellesahay
This document provides a history of rural water supply in India from the 1950s to present. It discusses the various government programs and institutions involved in rural water supply over different generations. The key points are:
1) Rural water supply in India has evolved over multiple generations from an initial focus on infrastructure development to a more community-managed approach emphasizing sustainability and water quality.
2) Major government programs over the decades have included the Accelerated Rural Water Supply Program, National Drinking Water Mission, and current National Rural Drinking Water Program.
3) Implementation involves various agencies from central, state, and local levels with the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation as the nodal agency at the national level
This document discusses rural water supply systems in India. It describes centralized and decentralized water supply systems. Decentralized systems are preferred for rural areas as they have lower costs, distribute water closer to the source, and are easier to maintain. Specific decentralized technologies discussed include biosand filters and chlorination. The document also examines a case study of water supply challenges in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra and how the Jalswarajya project improved access to safe drinking water for many villages in the area.
This document presents information about rural water access and management. It discusses human rights to water, global water statistics showing rural populations have less access, and water sources. Facts are given about the MENA region where most countries have low water resources. The document also outlines water conditions in Lebanon, noting water scarcity and pollution issues especially impacting rural areas. Sustainable management of water resources is discussed as important for ensuring adequate, safe water access.
The document discusses rural water supply and sanitation in the state. It summarizes a Rs.792.25 crore APRWSS project approved by the state government with World Bank assistance to improve rural water supply services in six districts, benefiting over 2.1 million people. It also lists 14 water testing laboratories in the districts and provides an overview of the National Rural Drinking Water Programme and its components like coverage, water quality, sustainability, and support activities.
SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES IN WATER SUPPLY & SANITATIONRAMSIDDARTHAN .
1. The document discusses sustainable strategies for water supply and sanitation. It covers various topics including the importance of water, different water sources, the hydrological cycle, water distribution on Earth, portable water, domestic water uses, water pollution, and improving water quality.
2. It also discusses sustainability, factors affecting water source sustainability, elements of sustainability, ground and surface water harvesting systems, and a support model for selecting sustainable structures.
3. The document provides information on sanitation challenges in India, definitions of sanitation, steps to solve sanitation problems, available sanitation technologies, criteria for selecting technologies, and strategies for successful sanitation projects in developing countries.
Water quality is a major issue for rural populations in India. While access to drinking water has improved, the quality is often poor, resulting in health problems. Over 700 million rural Indians get their water from over 1.4 million sources, but arsenic, fluoride, and other contaminants affect many habitations. Providing safe drinking water presents enormous challenges given India's diversity and development gaps. Community involvement is key to maintaining water quality through monitoring, hygiene practices, and simple remedial measures.
This document summarizes the National Drinking Water Mission in India. The key points are:
- The mission aims to provide safe drinking water to all rural individuals on a sustainable basis.
- It focuses on decentralization and community involvement through local governments to manage local water sources and systems.
- The program has various components like coverage, sustainability, water quality management, and operation and maintenance. Funding is provided to states based on rural population criteria.
- The goal is to ensure drinking water security at the household level through integrated water management and a decentralized approach.
INDIA-Rural Water Supply and Institutionsmichellesahay
This document provides a history of rural water supply in India from the 1950s to present. It discusses the various government programs and institutions involved in rural water supply over different generations. The key points are:
1) Rural water supply in India has evolved over multiple generations from an initial focus on infrastructure development to a more community-managed approach emphasizing sustainability and water quality.
2) Major government programs over the decades have included the Accelerated Rural Water Supply Program, National Drinking Water Mission, and current National Rural Drinking Water Program.
3) Implementation involves various agencies from central, state, and local levels with the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation as the nodal agency at the national level
This document discusses rural water supply systems in India. It describes centralized and decentralized water supply systems. Decentralized systems are preferred for rural areas as they have lower costs, distribute water closer to the source, and are easier to maintain. Specific decentralized technologies discussed include biosand filters and chlorination. The document also examines a case study of water supply challenges in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra and how the Jalswarajya project improved access to safe drinking water for many villages in the area.
This document presents information about rural water access and management. It discusses human rights to water, global water statistics showing rural populations have less access, and water sources. Facts are given about the MENA region where most countries have low water resources. The document also outlines water conditions in Lebanon, noting water scarcity and pollution issues especially impacting rural areas. Sustainable management of water resources is discussed as important for ensuring adequate, safe water access.
The document discusses rural water supply and sanitation in the state. It summarizes a Rs.792.25 crore APRWSS project approved by the state government with World Bank assistance to improve rural water supply services in six districts, benefiting over 2.1 million people. It also lists 14 water testing laboratories in the districts and provides an overview of the National Rural Drinking Water Programme and its components like coverage, water quality, sustainability, and support activities.
The document discusses India's water and sanitation problems and potential solutions. It notes that over 37 million Indians get waterborne diseases annually, costing the economy $600 million, due to issues like agricultural/urban runoff, sewage, and lack of awareness. It proposes using drip irrigation to save 80% of agricultural water, building water treatment plants at the panchayat level, treating wastewater, and raising awareness through social media, celebrity endorsements, and special inspection teams to increase sanitation facilities. Funding amounts and sources are provided for various initiatives.
The National Water Supply and Sanitation Programme aims to provide safe drinking water and adequate sanitation facilities to all urban and rural populations in India. It was initiated in 1954 and has expanded over the decades with various missions and programs to improve coverage, sustainability, and community participation in water supply and sanitation. The current programs, Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) and Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban), were launched in 2014 with the goal of achieving an open defecation free India by 2019 through behavior change activities, infrastructure development, and capacity building of local authorities.
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION IN INDIA BY-AKSHAYAAKSHAYA KUMAR
This document discusses water supply in India. It begins by outlining why water supply and sanitation is important, noting that lack of access causes deaths and diseases and hinders education. It then discusses some of the key problems with rural water supply and sanitation systems, such as water quality, quantity, wastage and distribution challenges. The document proposes several solutions, including surveys, awareness programs, management improvements, and pilot programs. It also outlines India's major policies for rural water supply since the 1970s and notes increasing targets and aims to provide universal access, healthy environments, and improved quality of life.
National Water Supply and Sanitation Programme in IndiaRitu Rawat
- India faces major public health problems related to inadequate sanitation and untreated sewage entering water sources. Approximately 80-90% of untreated sewage is discharged directly into rivers and streams.
- Access to improved water supply and sanitation is uneven in India, with urban areas having greater access than rural areas. Many government programs have aimed to expand access, but challenges remain.
- Responsibility for water supply and sanitation is shared across various state and central government ministries and bodies. The national government has implemented several programs since 1954 to improve coverage of water supply and sanitation. However, open defecation and a lack of sewage treatment continue to be widespread issues.
The document discusses pollution in the Ganga River. It provides several sources of pollution including untreated sewage, industrial waste, and religious rituals. It analyzes water quality data from various cities that show dissolved oxygen, BOD, and coliform levels exceeding standards. Efforts to clean the river including the Ganga Action Plan, National Ganga River Basin Authority, and Namami Gange program are outlined. Recommendations include addressing inadequate water flow, untreated sewage discharge, and point source industrial pollution.
The document discusses rural water supply and sanitation in Cambodia. It outlines the country's goals of improving access to water and sanitation for rural populations. Currently, about 47% have access to improved water supply and 29% to improved sanitation. The government aims to reach 75% and 50% access respectively by 2020, and universal coverage by 2025. The Asian Development Bank supports sector development through projects like the Second Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project, which works to expand services, strengthen sector institutions, and promote hygiene practices. Key challenges include increasing investment to meet coverage targets and ensuring community-managed facilities are sustainable.
This PPT is about the river pollution in India- Talks about Sutlej river and Koovam River. This PPT also talks about Elinor Ostram principle for management of the commons
Water and sanitation access in rural India remains inadequate, with investments and local government institutions being weak. While access to improved water supply increased to 84% by 2008, access to improved sanitation was just 21%. Responsibility largely lies with state governments, while the central government regulates policy. Community-led programs aim to eliminate open defecation by 2017. Decentralized, demand-driven approaches to water supply have shown lower costs and better service quality than traditional centralized models. However, low water tariffs and cost recovery remain a challenge.
The document discusses rural water and sanitation models in India. It proposes a model where waste generated by rural communities is sent to a biogas treatment plant, producing biogas and fertilizer. The biogas is then converted to electricity, which is distributed to nearby villages. This provides rural areas with sanitation facilities and a renewable power source. Water availability can be an issue in rural areas, so portable generators may be used to pump water from bore wells. The model aims to create a sustainable system where waste is used to generate resources like power and fertilizer for the community.
This document discusses factors that influence domestic and urban water requirements. It divides water needs into 5 categories: domestic, civic/public, industrial, business, and loss/waste. For domestic use, it estimates consumption of 135 liters per capita daily for drinking, cooking, bathing, washing, sanitation, animals, and gardening. Civic use includes 5 liters daily for road washing, 2-3 liters for sanitation, and 1 liter for fire demands. Industrial and business water needs vary greatly depending on the type and size of facilities. Loss and waste are estimated at 30-40% of total consumption. Climate, cost, infrastructure, habits, and presence of industries all impact total water demand.
This document discusses the importance and challenges facing the Ganga River basin in India. It notes that the Ganga basin is the largest in India, hosting 43% of the country's population. However, growing population and industrialization are increasing water pollution and demand. Efforts over the decades through programs like the Ganga Action Plan, Namami Gange, and court interventions have aimed to manage the river in a holistic way and curb pollution. The current Namami Gange program takes a basin-wide approach and focuses on pollution abatement, conservation, and improving management across 11 states.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has made cleaning the Ganges River a priority for his government. The government plans to draft a new law to regulate pollution and ensure a continuous flow of water in the river. However, cleaning the Ganges will be extremely challenging as raw sewage and industrial waste have severely polluted the river. Modi has vowed to clean the river by 2019, but significant infrastructure and policy changes will be needed to treat sewage and restore water flows impaired by dams. Many are skeptical of the government's ability to achieve this goal given past failures to clean the sacred river despite decades of efforts and spending.
The management of water in urban India - some possibilitieszenrain man
This document discusses sustainable water management and conservation. It addresses water issues from social, technical, institutional, financial, legal, and ecological perspectives. Specifically, it notes that groundwater provides over 60% of total water needs and over 85% of drinking water needs in many cities. However, groundwater is often poorly managed. The document calls for mapping micro-watersheds and sub-aquifers to develop management plans, protecting aquifers from pollution, and harvesting rainwater, such as through the use of rain barrels on rooftops. Overall, the document advocates for integrated, sustainable water resource management.
we have come with an idea of restoring the cooum river and also the buckingham canal in chennai.
we are now doing a study on the flow of the sewage in our city and will surely come up with a solution which can be implemented by the government.
willing to join us
contact:
vishnu raj : 9940142057
Innovative participatory community managed drinking water delivery approach i...India Water Portal
The document provides an overview of WASMO's innovative community-managed drinking water delivery approach in rural Gujarat. It discusses the drinking water challenges in Gujarat including uneven availability, quality issues, and seasonal scarcity. It then summarizes WASMO's efforts to empower communities and ensure sustainable water sources through capacity building, various technological solutions, partnerships with NGOs, and a focus on water quality surveillance.
Water Management in Rural Areas in a Changing ClimateCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Prof. Edward Pierzgalski from the Warsaw University of Life Sciences focuses on the main issues of water management in rural areas, climate change versus water resources, water management in agriculture versus climate change and what we should do.
This document discusses the Ganges River, one of the most polluted rivers in the world. It flows over 2,500 km from the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal. The document outlines the river's importance in Hinduism and how over 420 million people depend on it for water. However, the river receives huge amounts of untreated municipal and industrial waste, resulting in high bacteria levels that threaten human and aquatic life. Several initiatives have tried to clean the river, such as the Ganga Action Plan, but with limited success. Recent government efforts under the Namami Gange program aim to restore the river to a healthier state over the next 200 years.
This document discusses solutions for providing clean drinking water and sanitation in India. It proposes using silver nanoparticle water purification plants that can produce affordable drinking water. It also recommends establishing eco-sanitation toilets that reuse waste and produce fertilizer. Challenges include ensuring equal access for all villages and populations during implementation across India. Pipelines and passes may help address challenges until the systems are fully established.
This document discusses good practices in rural drinking water programs in India that promote human rights principles of non-discrimination, community participation, accountability, and sustainability. It provides examples of initiatives that have achieved equal access to safe drinking water for all, including marginalized groups. Community-led projects in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and elsewhere have improved water supply, quality, and management through people's participation in infrastructure development, operation and maintenance, and financial contributions according to ability to pay. Accountability is strengthened by complaint redressal systems and independent citizens' surveys of services.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on providing clean drinking water and proper sanitation facilities in India. It outlines several key problems including that less than 50% of people have access to drinking water, 30% of rural populations lack access, water quality issues are widespread, and most cities do not treat wastewater before disposal. It also discusses gender and caste issues related to water collection. Diarrhea is a major cause of child death. The presentation proposes solutions like improving multiple water sources, rainwater harvesting, affordable toilets, and special technologies for diverse areas. It emphasizes the need for a holistic, networked approach involving various stakeholders.
The document discusses India's water and sanitation problems and potential solutions. It notes that over 37 million Indians get waterborne diseases annually, costing the economy $600 million, due to issues like agricultural/urban runoff, sewage, and lack of awareness. It proposes using drip irrigation to save 80% of agricultural water, building water treatment plants at the panchayat level, treating wastewater, and raising awareness through social media, celebrity endorsements, and special inspection teams to increase sanitation facilities. Funding amounts and sources are provided for various initiatives.
The National Water Supply and Sanitation Programme aims to provide safe drinking water and adequate sanitation facilities to all urban and rural populations in India. It was initiated in 1954 and has expanded over the decades with various missions and programs to improve coverage, sustainability, and community participation in water supply and sanitation. The current programs, Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) and Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban), were launched in 2014 with the goal of achieving an open defecation free India by 2019 through behavior change activities, infrastructure development, and capacity building of local authorities.
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION IN INDIA BY-AKSHAYAAKSHAYA KUMAR
This document discusses water supply in India. It begins by outlining why water supply and sanitation is important, noting that lack of access causes deaths and diseases and hinders education. It then discusses some of the key problems with rural water supply and sanitation systems, such as water quality, quantity, wastage and distribution challenges. The document proposes several solutions, including surveys, awareness programs, management improvements, and pilot programs. It also outlines India's major policies for rural water supply since the 1970s and notes increasing targets and aims to provide universal access, healthy environments, and improved quality of life.
National Water Supply and Sanitation Programme in IndiaRitu Rawat
- India faces major public health problems related to inadequate sanitation and untreated sewage entering water sources. Approximately 80-90% of untreated sewage is discharged directly into rivers and streams.
- Access to improved water supply and sanitation is uneven in India, with urban areas having greater access than rural areas. Many government programs have aimed to expand access, but challenges remain.
- Responsibility for water supply and sanitation is shared across various state and central government ministries and bodies. The national government has implemented several programs since 1954 to improve coverage of water supply and sanitation. However, open defecation and a lack of sewage treatment continue to be widespread issues.
The document discusses pollution in the Ganga River. It provides several sources of pollution including untreated sewage, industrial waste, and religious rituals. It analyzes water quality data from various cities that show dissolved oxygen, BOD, and coliform levels exceeding standards. Efforts to clean the river including the Ganga Action Plan, National Ganga River Basin Authority, and Namami Gange program are outlined. Recommendations include addressing inadequate water flow, untreated sewage discharge, and point source industrial pollution.
The document discusses rural water supply and sanitation in Cambodia. It outlines the country's goals of improving access to water and sanitation for rural populations. Currently, about 47% have access to improved water supply and 29% to improved sanitation. The government aims to reach 75% and 50% access respectively by 2020, and universal coverage by 2025. The Asian Development Bank supports sector development through projects like the Second Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project, which works to expand services, strengthen sector institutions, and promote hygiene practices. Key challenges include increasing investment to meet coverage targets and ensuring community-managed facilities are sustainable.
This PPT is about the river pollution in India- Talks about Sutlej river and Koovam River. This PPT also talks about Elinor Ostram principle for management of the commons
Water and sanitation access in rural India remains inadequate, with investments and local government institutions being weak. While access to improved water supply increased to 84% by 2008, access to improved sanitation was just 21%. Responsibility largely lies with state governments, while the central government regulates policy. Community-led programs aim to eliminate open defecation by 2017. Decentralized, demand-driven approaches to water supply have shown lower costs and better service quality than traditional centralized models. However, low water tariffs and cost recovery remain a challenge.
The document discusses rural water and sanitation models in India. It proposes a model where waste generated by rural communities is sent to a biogas treatment plant, producing biogas and fertilizer. The biogas is then converted to electricity, which is distributed to nearby villages. This provides rural areas with sanitation facilities and a renewable power source. Water availability can be an issue in rural areas, so portable generators may be used to pump water from bore wells. The model aims to create a sustainable system where waste is used to generate resources like power and fertilizer for the community.
This document discusses factors that influence domestic and urban water requirements. It divides water needs into 5 categories: domestic, civic/public, industrial, business, and loss/waste. For domestic use, it estimates consumption of 135 liters per capita daily for drinking, cooking, bathing, washing, sanitation, animals, and gardening. Civic use includes 5 liters daily for road washing, 2-3 liters for sanitation, and 1 liter for fire demands. Industrial and business water needs vary greatly depending on the type and size of facilities. Loss and waste are estimated at 30-40% of total consumption. Climate, cost, infrastructure, habits, and presence of industries all impact total water demand.
This document discusses the importance and challenges facing the Ganga River basin in India. It notes that the Ganga basin is the largest in India, hosting 43% of the country's population. However, growing population and industrialization are increasing water pollution and demand. Efforts over the decades through programs like the Ganga Action Plan, Namami Gange, and court interventions have aimed to manage the river in a holistic way and curb pollution. The current Namami Gange program takes a basin-wide approach and focuses on pollution abatement, conservation, and improving management across 11 states.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has made cleaning the Ganges River a priority for his government. The government plans to draft a new law to regulate pollution and ensure a continuous flow of water in the river. However, cleaning the Ganges will be extremely challenging as raw sewage and industrial waste have severely polluted the river. Modi has vowed to clean the river by 2019, but significant infrastructure and policy changes will be needed to treat sewage and restore water flows impaired by dams. Many are skeptical of the government's ability to achieve this goal given past failures to clean the sacred river despite decades of efforts and spending.
The management of water in urban India - some possibilitieszenrain man
This document discusses sustainable water management and conservation. It addresses water issues from social, technical, institutional, financial, legal, and ecological perspectives. Specifically, it notes that groundwater provides over 60% of total water needs and over 85% of drinking water needs in many cities. However, groundwater is often poorly managed. The document calls for mapping micro-watersheds and sub-aquifers to develop management plans, protecting aquifers from pollution, and harvesting rainwater, such as through the use of rain barrels on rooftops. Overall, the document advocates for integrated, sustainable water resource management.
we have come with an idea of restoring the cooum river and also the buckingham canal in chennai.
we are now doing a study on the flow of the sewage in our city and will surely come up with a solution which can be implemented by the government.
willing to join us
contact:
vishnu raj : 9940142057
Innovative participatory community managed drinking water delivery approach i...India Water Portal
The document provides an overview of WASMO's innovative community-managed drinking water delivery approach in rural Gujarat. It discusses the drinking water challenges in Gujarat including uneven availability, quality issues, and seasonal scarcity. It then summarizes WASMO's efforts to empower communities and ensure sustainable water sources through capacity building, various technological solutions, partnerships with NGOs, and a focus on water quality surveillance.
Water Management in Rural Areas in a Changing ClimateCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Prof. Edward Pierzgalski from the Warsaw University of Life Sciences focuses on the main issues of water management in rural areas, climate change versus water resources, water management in agriculture versus climate change and what we should do.
This document discusses the Ganges River, one of the most polluted rivers in the world. It flows over 2,500 km from the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal. The document outlines the river's importance in Hinduism and how over 420 million people depend on it for water. However, the river receives huge amounts of untreated municipal and industrial waste, resulting in high bacteria levels that threaten human and aquatic life. Several initiatives have tried to clean the river, such as the Ganga Action Plan, but with limited success. Recent government efforts under the Namami Gange program aim to restore the river to a healthier state over the next 200 years.
This document discusses solutions for providing clean drinking water and sanitation in India. It proposes using silver nanoparticle water purification plants that can produce affordable drinking water. It also recommends establishing eco-sanitation toilets that reuse waste and produce fertilizer. Challenges include ensuring equal access for all villages and populations during implementation across India. Pipelines and passes may help address challenges until the systems are fully established.
This document discusses good practices in rural drinking water programs in India that promote human rights principles of non-discrimination, community participation, accountability, and sustainability. It provides examples of initiatives that have achieved equal access to safe drinking water for all, including marginalized groups. Community-led projects in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and elsewhere have improved water supply, quality, and management through people's participation in infrastructure development, operation and maintenance, and financial contributions according to ability to pay. Accountability is strengthened by complaint redressal systems and independent citizens' surveys of services.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on providing clean drinking water and proper sanitation facilities in India. It outlines several key problems including that less than 50% of people have access to drinking water, 30% of rural populations lack access, water quality issues are widespread, and most cities do not treat wastewater before disposal. It also discusses gender and caste issues related to water collection. Diarrhea is a major cause of child death. The presentation proposes solutions like improving multiple water sources, rainwater harvesting, affordable toilets, and special technologies for diverse areas. It emphasizes the need for a holistic, networked approach involving various stakeholders.
Half of India's population lacks proper sanitation facilities, resulting in 1.5 billion child deaths from diarrhea and waterborne illness annually. The Total Sanitation Campaign aims to eliminate open defecation and increase sanitation coverage, but has been ineffective due to poor implementation. Proper implementation through dedicated village-level workers, transparency in fund allocation, and extensive public awareness campaigns on health and cultural benefits could help achieve the campaign's goals on a national scale at an estimated cost of 2875 crore per month. Changing deeply ingrained cultural practices remains a significant challenge.
Environment and Health Status in Urban and Rural IndiaGAURAV. H .TANDON
Rural and urban areas in India face significant issues with water access and sanitation. In rural areas, most people lack piped water access and must collect water from sources like open wells or hand pumps, often spending significant time fetching water. Water quality is also an issue, with problems like arsenic contamination affecting millions of people. Sanitation infrastructure is similarly lacking, with most rural Indians practicing open defecation. In urban areas, piped supplies are unreliable and many cities face severe water shortages. Water theft and leakage exacerbate the problems in urban water systems. Overall, access to clean drinking water and sanitation remains inadequate in both rural and urban India.
Punjab Water and Sanitation Policy-24.2.2014 approvedsuresh kumar
The document outlines Punjab State's rural water supply and sanitation policy. The key objectives are to provide 100% coverage of rural households with potable water and sanitation facilities by a certain date. The policy details an approach of decentralized management of water schemes by gram panchayats with technical support from the Department of Water Supply. It emphasizes demand-driven service delivery, metered household connections, source and system sustainability, water quality monitoring, and community participation.
The Water Security Plan (WSP) is a sample copy of one out of 97 villages in Rapar Taluka of Kachchh district in Gujrat. WSP for all the 97 revenue villages of the block is prepared for Samerth Charitable Trust with support from Argyam Trust, Bangalore.
By D. Dhanuraj
This study follows the successful efforts of the villagers of Olavanna Gram Panchayat in Kozhikode district, Kerala in effective drinking water utilization and tackling water scarcity. As a result, 60 small, water supply schemes are operational in Olavanna, of which 27 have been funded entirely by the local community and 33 are partially supported by the Gram Panchayat.
This document discusses water resource management. It notes that while water covers most of the Earth's surface, less than 1% is freshwater available for human use. Proper management of water resources is important for conservation and sustainable development given increasing demand. Traditional, community-based systems of water management in India have declined as the state assumed control over water resources. Efficient management is needed to address issues like water scarcity, agricultural overuse, access, and climate change impacts.
India faces significant challenges in providing clean drinking water and sanitation to its population. Approximately 97 million people lack access to safe water and 814 million lack basic sanitation services. Poor sanitation and unsafe water have led to widespread health issues, with over 1,600 deaths from diarrhea alone every day. While India has undertaken various efforts and programs to expand access, issues around management, funding, awareness, and equitable access persist. Addressing India's water and sanitation crisis will require improved coordination, prioritization of hygiene education, consideration of all socioeconomic groups, and innovative solutions tailored to local needs.
Sustainable water management in rural Ecuadorian communities faces several challenges. Rural communities have inadequate water infrastructure, treatment, and inconsistent supply of water, often resulting in consumption of non-potable water. While Ecuador has decentralized water management to municipalities, there is still a lack of proper regulation, information sharing, and oversight to ensure sustainability and equitable services. Conflicts over water access and use, especially regarding irrigation, also exist between highland and lowland communities located in the same watershed basins. Sustainable water models for rural communities must focus on community organization, education, equitable access, and long-term maintenance and management of water systems.
The document discusses India's Swachh Bharat initiative for a cleaner and healthier India through providing safe drinking water and sanitation facilities. It notes that lack of clean water and poor sanitation hampers productivity and costs India 73 million working days per year. The document outlines challenges like lack of awareness, affordability issues, and environmental factors. It proposes solutions like awareness programs, economic reforms, legislative reforms, transformative technologies, and defined roles for stakeholders including individuals, communities, government, private industry and NGOs. Key actions include training volunteers, assigning village heads for maintenance, including topics in education, making media awareness mandatory, and establishing feedback mechanisms.
Presentation on water supply system and sources in rural area14031907
The document discusses rural water supply and the importance of safe drinking water. It notes that over 30% of the rural population in developing countries lacks access to safe water. Traditionally, rural communities obtain water from unprotected sources like ponds, wells and rivers, which often leads to waterborne diseases. The document outlines some strategies for effective rural water supply, including selecting appropriate water sources and treatment methods tailored to local conditions. The goal is to provide access to basic water services while minimizing costs through community-based management approaches.
This document summarizes the key issues around water supply and sanitation in India. It notes that a team led by Mr. Ajay Kumar Keshari prepared the report. The main problems are identified as lack of access to water and sanitation in both rural and urban areas, poor water quality due to contamination, low cultural prioritization of hygiene, lack of education on sanitation, and poverty exacerbating all other issues. Coverage of water supply and sanitation remains inadequate in both rural and urban regions of India.
Providing clean water and sanitation facilities to all Indians is a major challenge. Currently, many rural Indians lack access to these basic necessities. This leads to negative health and economic impacts, including high rates of water-borne diseases and lost work days. A proposed decentralized, community-based solution focuses on awareness campaigns, formation of local water committees, and utilizing technical expertise to develop sustainable drinking water and sanitation infrastructure and maintenance practices. The goal is a demand-driven, self-help model that empowers communities rather than relying solely on government provision.
A team of 5 students from IIT Kanpur presented solutions for providing clean drinking water and sanitation in India. Major challenges included that over 60 crore Indians lack access to proper sanitation and a third of the population lacks drinking water access. Solutions proposed community-led programs, targeting those most in need, using children to promote hygiene, and public-private partnerships to stimulate investment. The strategies aim to customize solutions for both rural and urban areas and dispose of waste safely.
According to statistics from the NSSO, India faces significant sanitation and access to clean water issues. Over 626 million people practice open defecation daily, exposing them to diseases. Each year, unsafe water and lack of sanitation kills 1.6 million children under five. Proposed solutions include improving water harvesting, using bio-digesters in water-scarce areas, and providing clean drinking water through traditional, low-cost methods. However, past government programs have had limited success due to lack of community involvement and transparency issues. Involving local communities and utilizing cost-effective traditional techniques could help address these critical health and environmental problems in India.
The Rural Health and Environment Programme (RHEP) is implemented in poor villages in Orissa to improve quality of life through integrated rural development. RHEP aims to provide services and resources to overcome marginalization and enable community-driven development. The program focuses on adivasi, dalit, and poor communities and aims to ensure 100% village participation in building sanitation infrastructure and drinking water supply to create a self-sustaining development process. Key aspects of RHEP include community contributions to development and maintenance costs, promotion of women's empowerment and health, and support for housing, livelihoods, and infrastructure development.
The document discusses the issues of clean drinking water and sanitation in India. It notes that 36% of the world's population lacks improved sanitation and 768 million people use unsafe drinking water. It outlines causes such as water pollution and lack of awareness. Solutions proposed include installing solar-powered water pumps and raising awareness. Challenges include high costs, changing policies, and lack of technical skills, but mitigation efforts like private sector investment, training, and laws can help address these challenges.
The document outlines a project to promote household water treatment, safe storage, hygiene, and sanitation in Turkana and West Pokot districts of Kenya. The project will (1) promote household water treatment and safe storage options like ceramic filters and chlorine, targeting over 10,000 households, (2) improve hygiene through handwashing promotion in schools and communities, (3) increase sanitation through community-led total sanitation approaches to trigger at least 25 villages to improve sanitation. The 12-month project aims to reduce child mortality from diarrhea through these water, sanitation and hygiene interventions.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
2. • Total area : 2.109,74 km²
•Population : 932.522 people
• income per capita :
US$1142.33
• poor population : 106.635
people
MAP OF SOUTH LAMPUNG
3. I. WATER RESOURCE , SUPPLY AND DEMAND
• Main River : 2
• Total River : 74
• Total Irrigation Area : 23,089 Ha ;
Water Supply in Urban
In urban area most of water supply served by
piped network. Piped network support the
household by local water company. People
have to provide US$ 0,8 – 1,2 per mounth.
Total household served : 5,937 (59,58%).The
rest of household use private wells for water
supplyWay Sekampung River
4. Water Supply in Rural
In rural area, people rely on water supply sources from river,
private wells, pounds, spring, lake and rain harvesting. The
problem will come during the dry season, when the water
table dropped , rivers and wells experiencing drought and
collected rainwater could not meet the people needs .
5. Problem in Dry Season
In Urban , water scarcity overcome by relying
on water vendors, which distributed by tanker
truck, human walking, or bicycle. For that
needs, people have to provide some money
around US$ 10 – 15 per tanker. 1 tanker = 5
m3.
In rural area, people use vendors and still count
on springs around the village.
6. • Local water companies have difficulties in the provision of the raw water source
• Water loss factor reach 40% that reflect improper infrastructur
• Function of water treatment plant has not yet operated maximally
• Water quality checking only done as formality not chasing national standar.
• Generally, the water use is for domestic use, irrigation, plantation, industry
7. 2. SITUATION & DEVELOPMENT OF SANITATION
Local Government of South Lampung
implemented sanitation management
through : waste water treatment, local
drainage, solid waste management and
sanitation hygiene.
8. Based on EHRA study, persentage of
latrine owners reach 69%, from that
point only 49% has private septic tank,
29% population still dispose sludge into
drains / hole/ river/ ponds and only 30%
of population dumped babies feces into
latrine.
From EHRA study, there are 4 villages
in very high risk of sanitation,65 villages
in category of high risk area, 180 in mid
level, and 2 villages in low level of
sanitation risk.
Most of people do not have good
understanding about the importance of
septic tank desludging periodically for
sanitation hygiene.
9. In terms of waste water management,
community began to be introduced about
integrated waste water treatment system. That
black water and grey water can be managed
communally, the results of the treatment can be
utilized to create methane gas (CH4) for
domestic needs such as for cooking.
The local government managed faecal sludge
treatment plant so that people can avail the
services base on desludging tariffs that have
been determined by the government. There is
no private sector involvement on disludging
proccess.
Central government provide various program for
communal waste water treatment for
community. They build communal toilet or
communal waste water treatment.
10. In solid management works, The Local
Government provide a controle landfill for
final processing of the waste. People have
been already educated about 3R methode
as well as a ban on waste incineration
Participatory program started from schools,
housing and through woman empowering.
People are familiar with waste bank which run
by the people through community based
organization. People could get financial
benefit from the bank and reduce the solid
waste up to 30%
11. • Drainage normalization is carried out
periodically
• Settlement Drainage has not yet connected
with city drainage
• No masterplan for city drainage
• No clear Hierarcy of drainage system
• No government regulation for drainage system
12. 3. POLICY ON WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION
• Central government has created various
program for water and sanitation development
such as PAMSIMAS (Provision of water and
sanitation Community – Based), SANIMAS
(Community Sanitation), PPSP (Program for
Acceleration of Sanitation Settlements), STBM
(Total Sanitation Community Based).
• Targetting achievement of MDG’s program on
water and sanitation by 2015 for whole region
in Indonesia (68,87% for access of proper
drinking water and 62,41% for access of
adequate sanitation)
• Providing opportunities for Local Government
to cooperate with private sector – Public
Private Partnership(PPP) or NGO in managing
water and sanitation .
13. • Central Government recommends the allocation of
special funds for the improvement of access for clean
water and adequate sanitation for all local government
of Indonesia
• Expanding Community development / community
empowerment program
• Fighting against Open Defecation seriously
• Campaigning intensively to the public about the
importance of sanitation hygiene for the people
• Local Government declared that South Lampung
Regency as one of region that concern about program
of providing clean water and proper sanitation
• Completing legal product / regulation / policy for all
aspects that related to sanitation field.