This document discusses Linux basics and provides information on: 1) Linux is used in 89.2% of the world's top 500 supercomputers, with Cray, IBM, and SGI being major vendors. The top supercomputer, Jaguar, uses Linux and 224k Opteron processors. 2) Many large organizations like Google, CERN, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Flickr rely on Linux for its high performance and scalability. Google handles 1 billion search requests daily on over 1 million Linux servers. 3) The document covers Linux installation, including hardware compatibility, disk space requirements, installation methods, partitioning, and the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard. It also discusses basic Linux configuration and

1. Linux Basics : Part 1

2. In Supercomputers
Rank Performance Name Processors OS Vendor
(Tera FLOPS)
1 1759 - 2331 Jaguar 224162 Opteron Linux Cray
2 1271 - 2884 Nebulae 55680 Xeon + 64960 Tesla Linux Dawning
3 1042 - 1375 Roadrunner 122400 Cell/Opteron Linux IBM
4 832 - 1029 Kraken 98928 Opteron Linux Cray
5 826 - 1003 JUGENE 294912 Power Linux IBM
6 773 - 973 Pleiades 56320 Xeon Linux SGI
7 563 - 1206 Tianhe - I 71680 Xeon Linux NUDT
8 478 - 596 Blue Gene - L 212992 Power Linux IBM
9 459 - 557 Intrepid 163840 Power Linux IBM
10 433 - 497 Red Sky 41616 Xeon Linux Sun
(Oracle)
As on November 2009, 89.2 % of world's top 500 Supercomputers runs on Linux
Top 10 positions of the 35th TOP500 List released on May 31, 2010 during ISC10 in Hamburg, Germany

3. For High Performance and
Scalability
Organization Stats Platform
google  1 Billion Search Requests Everyday Linux, MapReduce,
 20 PB UGC Added Everyday Python, Java, C++
 More than 1 Million Servers
 1 PB Search Index (4000 Machines,
48000 Disks – Sorts in 6H 2M)
CERN  15 PB of New Data Every Year Linux, MapReduce,
 80,000+ Computers CouchDB, MySQL,
 Withstand 1 PB Data Per Sec SQLight, Squid
facebook  600 Million Users Linux, Apache, Cassandra,
 150 Million Mobile Users MySQL, PHP, Memcached
twitter  65 Million Users Linux, MySQL, Ruby,
 750 Tweets Per Second Erlang, Scala, Memcached
Youtube  1 Billion Users Per Day Linux, Apache, Lighttpd,
 11574 Users Per Sec MySQL, Python
Flickr  5 Billion Images Linux, Apache, MySQL,
 2 Billion+ Users Java, Perl Memcached

4. Linux Installation
● Hardware Compatibility
● Disk Space Requirements
● Installation methods – Local / Remote
● Installation modes
● Dual Boot

5. System Partitioning
● Automatic Partitioning
● Manual Partitioning
● Adding / Deleting / Editing
Existing Partitions
● Recommended Partition
Scheme
● Partition Tables - MSDOS /
GPT

6. FHS
The File-system Hierarchy
Standard Enables:
● Software to predict the
location of installed files and
directories, and
● Users to predict the location of
installed files and directories.

7. Example of an FHS - compliant
system
Shareable Unshareable
Static /usr /etc
/opt /boot
Variable /var/mails /var/run
/var/spool/new /var/lock

8. Linux FHS

9. Basic Configuration
● Browser Plug-ins
● Java
● Flash
● Audio
● Video
● Printer

10. Installing Applications
● Installation using yum
● Configuring repositories
● Downloading packages
● Identify the installed
packages
● Yum – tips and tricks
● Installation from source

11. Installing Drivers
● Understanding Linux
Drivers
● Identify the hardware
● Install the OSS /
Propitiatory driver
(Display, NIC)

12. Network Configuration
● Configure LAN – Static /
Dynamic
● Configure Wireless /
VPN / DSL / Mobile BB
● Configure Modem
● Troubleshoot N/W
related issues

13. Questions?
Ask at www.iwillstudy.com/forum