2. Introduction
Kubuntu 11.04
Kernel: Linux Kernel version 3.0
GUI: KDE Plasma Desktop
System Requirment :
Required Recommended
Processor 1 GHz Better than 1 GHz
Memory 384 MB 1 GB
Disk Space 4 GB 10 GB
3. History
1991: Birth of Linux.
1994: Linux 1.0 Only Single-Processor Intel 386 machines.
1996: Linux 2.0 Support for new architectures.
08-April-2005: Release of Kubuntu 5.04.
10-October-2010: Release of Kubuntu 10.10.
28-April-2011: Release of Kubuntu 11.04.
8. Design principle
Speed
Efficiency
Security
Kernel Module
Features
Easy to add new functionality.
Explicitly loading and unloading drivers
Minimal Kernel
Module support kernel
Module Management.
Conflict-resolution mechanism.
Driver Registration.
9. Process Management
Classes of processes
Interactive Command shells, text editors, and graphical
applications.
Batch Programming language compilers, database
search engines, and scientific computations
Real-time video and sound applications, robot controllers
10. Fork()/Exec() Process Model
fork():For creation of new process.
exec():For execution of newly created process.
Implementation of fork() and exec() system call
11. Memory Management
Linux Memory Management:
Freeing and allocating physical memory pages.
Virtual Memory.
Features
Large Address Spaces.
Protection.
Memory Mapping.
Fair Physical Memory Allocation.
Shared Virtual Memory.
12. Paging
A technique used by virtual memory operating systems to help
ensure that the data you need is available as quickly as possible.
13. File Management
Features:
Hiding Implementation of File System.
IPC channel,network devices,I/O devices look like files.
Ext4 file system
Features:
Creating sectors of 1Kb.
Creating logical connectivity.
Reducing disk fragmentation.
Volume handling upto 1 exabyte.
14.
15. Protection And Security
Authentication
Access Control
Linux Security Modules
Apparmor
Smack