Linux has hardware requirements including a Pentium Pro processor with 256 MB RAM or a 64-bit Intel/AMD processor with 512 MB RAM. It also requires 2-6 GB of disk space and can be installed via bootable CD. Linux partitions include / for the root directory at 6 GB, /boot at 100 MB, /usr at 10 GB, /var at 5 GB, and /home at 4 GB with 1 GB of swap space. The kernel is the core of the Linux operating system that manages input/output and interacts with hardware and programs through the shell. Kernel version numbers consist of four numbers where the first is the major version and third is the minor version. The shell provides an interface for users to access operating

1. LINUX HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:--- Pentium Pro or better with 256 MB RAM 64-bit Intel/AMD with 512 MB RAM 2-6 GB disk space Bootable CD Other processor architecture supported are Itanium 2, IBM power, IBM mainframe.

2. FUNDAMENTAL OF LINUX It is better O/S to run on your PC’s of its reliability and flexibility. It is also considered as a multi-user and multi-tasking OS. Linux is distributed under the GNU licenses, GNU stands for GNU NOT UNIX , it is an open source movement started by RICHARD STALLMAN in the year 1984, and the main aim for GNU is to provide the O.S and its source code freely.

3. Linux Installation Methods Boot: Linux askmethod Boot: Linux text Boot: Linux rescue

4. LINUX PARTITIONS / (root) :- 6000 (6 GB) / (boot) :- 100 MB / (usr) :- 10000 (10 GB) / (var) :- 5000 (5 GB) / (home) :- 4000 (4 GB) / (swap) :- 1000 (1 GB)

5. INTRO of LINUX Resources of system including both hardware and software; it acts as a communicator between the user and computer.

6. STRUCTURE OF LINUX Linux can be summarized as follows:- The hardware can converse with the kernel. It can talk to the hardware or to the shell. The shell is multi lingual and can talk to any part of the system with the exception of the hardware.

7. KERNEL Kernel is a free software that was begun by the Linus Torvalds in 1991. Kernal is the primary part of the O/S. It manages all O/S functions such as input/output maganement to access the peripheral devices like mouse, keyboard etc. It is the first part of the os to load into memory during the system startup. The kernal itself does not interact directly with the user, but rather interacts with the shell and other program with the hardware devices on the system.

8. KERNAL VERSION Version number of the Linux kernel consists of four numbers:- 2.2.1, 2.4.13 or 2.6.12.3 The first number is the kernel version. It is changed least frequently and the changes occur with the respect to the change in the code and the concept of the kernel Second number is the kernel major number. Major numbers include even numbers (0 is considered an even number) which are said to be stable. Odd numbers are development releases, such as 1.1 or 2.5 The third number is the minor version of the kernel and is increased by one for each release.

9. A fourth number was adopted as the new official versioning policy. Bug-fixes and security patches are managed by the fourth-number.

10. SHELL? An o/s shell is a shell for an operating system; it is a program that presents an interface to various operating system functions and service. The o/s shell has two categories:- Command line interface (CLI) Graphical User interface (GUI)