This document provides an overview of several operating systems including Unix, Linux, virtual memory, and microkernels. It discusses that Unix originated in the 1960s from the Multics operating system project and details some of its early history. It also explains that Linux began as a personal project by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and has since grown significantly. Additionally, it defines virtual memory as a feature that allows computers to use disk storage for memory overflow and microkernels as minimal software that provides mechanisms for operating systems.

1. IN THE NAME OF ALLAH
WHO IS THE MOST
BENEFICENT AND THE
MERCIFUL

2. OPERATING SYTEM
Presented By
Riaz Ahmed Channa

3. Unix is one of the very oldest operating
systems in the computer world, and is still
widely used today. However, it is not a very
conspicuous operating system,unix
operating systems are designed to use the
unix file system.
Unix:-

4. In the 1960s, the massachusetts institute of
technology, AT&T bell labs, and general & electric
worked on an experimental operating system
called multics (multiplexed information
computing service), which was designed to run on
the GE-645 mainframe computer. The aim was
the creation of a commercial product, although this
was never a great success.
History Of Unix:-

5. Shell functions:- functions enable you to break
down the overall functionality of a script into
smaller, logical subsections, which can then
be called upon to perform their individual task
when it is needed. Using functions to perform
repetitive tasks is an excellent way to create
code reuse.
Unix Functions:-

6.  Different flavors of Unix have different cost structures
according to vendors
 Divided into various other flavors, mostly developed
by AT&T
 Three bigest distributions are Solaris (Oracle), AIX
(IBM) & HP-UX
 developed mainly for mainframes, servers etc.
Unix Functions:-

7. The history of linux began in 1991 with the
commencement of a personal project by
finnish student linus torvalds to create a new
free operating system kernel. Since then, the
resulting linux kernel has been marked by
constant growth throughout its history.
Linux:-

8. FUNCTIONS OF LINUX:-
 Linux can be freely
distributed,
downloaded freely
 Linux is developed by
Open Source
development
 Linux kernel is
developed by the
community. Linus
Torvalds oversees
things.
 User Everyone.

9. Virtual memory is a feature of an operating
system (OS) that allows a computer to
compensate for shortages of
physical memoryby temporarily transferring
pages of data from random
access memory (RAM) to disk storage.
Virtual Memory:-

10. A microkernel (also known as μ-kernel) is the
near-minimum amount of software that can
provide the mechanisms needed to
implement anoperating system (OS). These
mechanisms include low-level address space
management, thread management, and inter-
process communication (IPC).
MicroKernels:-

11. THANK YOU