The presentation introduces Linux, a unix-like operating system created by Linus Torvalds in 1991, known for its multi-user and multitasking capabilities and its open-source nature. It highlights the historical context of operating systems, the architecture of Linux, and its many applications, including support for various hardware and software. Additionally, it discusses the advantages of using Linux, such as cost-effectiveness, security, and high performance across computing platforms.

1. Welcome
to my presentation !

2. Linux Presentation
Naiyan Noor
CSE,BAUST
Submitted by

3. Pronunciation of Linux
(‘Leenooks’)
This is LinusTorvalds’ original pronunciation, based on the
pronunciation of his name in Swedish.
(‘Linnuks’)
This is now LinusTorvalds’ preferred pronunciation, as he considers
closer to the original than . It also follows the pronunciation of the
English word ‘linen’.
(‘Lynuks’)
The other major alternative is based on the pronunciation of the
English version of ‘Linus’. It also happens to be the version I use.

4. What is Linux
Linux is a generic term referring to Unix-like
graphical user interface (GUI) based computer
operating systems.
It is Multi-user, Multitasking, Multiprocessor
Has the X Windows GUI
Coexists with other Operating Systems
Runs on multiple platforms
Includes the Source Code

5. Where is Linux?
One of the most noted properties of Linux is where it
can be used. Windows and OS X are predominantly
found on personal computing devices such as desktop
and laptop computers. Other operating systems, such as
Symbian, are found on small devices such as phones
and PDAs, while mainframes and supercomputers found
in major academic and corporate labs use specialized
operating systems such as AS/400 and the Cray OS.

6. HISTORY OF LINUX
The History of Linux began in 1991 with the commencement of
a personal project by a Finnish student, Linus Torvalds, to
create a new free operating system kernel.Since then, the
resulting Linux kernel has been marked by constant growth
throughout its history. Since the initial release of its source
code in 1991, it has grown from a small number of C files under
a license prohibiting commercial distribution to the 3.10 version
in 2013 with more than 16 million lines of source code under
the GNU General Public License.

7. FOUNDER OF LINUX
In sept 1991,while attending the University
of Helsinki ,Torvalds became curious about
operating systems and frustrated by the
licensing of MINIX,which limited it to
educational use only. He began to work on
his own operating system which eventually
became the Linux kernel. MR: Linus
Torvalds

8. BEFORE LINUX
In 80’s, Microsoft’s DOS was the dominated OS for PC . Apple MAC
was better, but expensive . UNIX was much better, but much,
much more expensive. Only for minicomputer for commercial
applications .People was looking for a UNIX based system, which is
cheaper and can run on PC . Both DOS, MAC and UNIX were
proprietary, i.e., the source code of their kernel is protected . No
modification is possible without paying high license fees.

9. Why is it significant?
Runs on multiple hardware platforms
Users like its speed and stability
No requirement for latest hardware
Powerful
Licensed under GPL
Vendors are distributors who package Linux
It’s “free”

10. An operating system, or OS, is a software program that
enables the computer hardware to communicate and
operate with the computer software. Without a computer
operating system, a computer would be useless.E.g.. Linux
Operating System

11. Multi-user
A multi-user operating system allows for multiple users to use the same
computer at the same time and/or different times.
Multiprocessing
An operating system capable of supporting and utilizing more than one computer
processor.
Multitasking
An operating system that is capable of allowing multiple software processes to run
at the same time.
Multithreading
Operating systems that allow different parts of a software program to run
concurrently. Operating systems that would fall into this category are

12. LINUX TODAY
Linux has been used for many computing platforms •
PC, PDA, Supercomputer,…
Not only character user interface but graphical user interface is
available
Commercial vendors moved in Linux itself to provide freely
distributed code. They make their money by compiling up various
software and gathering them in a distributable format
Red Hat, Slackware, etc

13. ADVANTAGE OF LINUX
You don’t need to spend time and money to obtain licenses since Linux
and much of its software come with the GNU General Public License.
Linux doesn’t need to be rebooted periodically to maintain performance
levels.Linux provides persistent high performance on workstations and
on networks.
Linux was developed by a group of programmers over the Internet and has
therefore strong support for network functionality; client and server systems
can be easily set up on any computer running Linux.Linux can be used for
high performance server applications, desktop applications, and embedded
systems. It runs all common Unix software packages and can process all
common file formats.

14. ADVANTAGE OF LINUX
The large number of Linux distributions gives you a choice. Each
distribution is developed and supported by a different organization.Most
Linux distributions come with user-friendly installation and setup programs.
Linux continues work well even when the hard disk is almost full. Linux is
designed to do many things at the same time. Linux is one of the most
secure operating systems. “Walls” and flexible file access permission
systems prevent access by unwanted visitors or viruses.

15. LINUX SYSTEM ARCHETECTURE

16. Linux System Architecture is consists of following
layers:
Hardware layer - Hardware consists of all
peripheral devices (RAM/ HDD/ CPU etc).
Kernel - Core component of Operating System,
interacts directly with hardware, provides low level
services to upper layer components.
Shell - An interface to kernel, hiding complexity of
kernel's functions from users.
Utilities - Utility programs giving user most of the
functionalities of an operating systems.
LINUX SYSTEM ARCHETECTURE

17. Applications of Linux
AS the Linux is the OS, it provides lot of-applications. Some of them
given below:
1)Text And Word Processing Applications Star Office is Text and word
application-instead of WordPad and notepad.
2) Programming Language There is a wide verity of Programming and-
scripting languages and tools available for Linux.
3)X-windows X-windows is a highly flexible and-configurable GUI
environment that run on Linux as-well as almost UNIX System.

18. 4) Internet tool It supports Netscape as well as Mosaic It
provides wide and full range of software neededto create
internet server. It also provide the complete network support
toconnect the internet.
5) Data bases Today Oracle, Sybase and Informix all
offerrelational data base provides for Linux.
6) Dos and Windows Capability Software Linux can be made to
run DOS software with highdegree of stability and compatibility.
Applications of Linux

19. Acquiring and using Linux
There are quite a few ways to obtain a Linux distribution.
1. One way is to go to the distributors website and download the
linux distribution of our choice.
For example,
If you want to download a. Mandrake, the go to
http://www.mandriva.com/. b. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9, go to
http://www.novell.com/linux/download_linux.html.
2. Other way is to obtain pre-burned copies of the Linux distribution
we need from the distributor’s website or from sites like
cheapISO.com – The price is of such distributions starts from less
than Rs. 100/- – Some new computers have Linux as preinstalled.

20. Further Reference
www.linux.com - News, Software, Documentation, Tutorials, etc.
www.linuxhq.com - Another great Linux resource site.
www.linuxjournal.com - The Monthly Magazine for Linux Community
www.tldp.org - The Linux Documentation Project. Excellent help for beginners.
www.userfriendly.org - Linux cartoon strips

21. Thank You...