Lighting in UiTM Perak's library is dominated by artificial lighting rather than daylighting. Several factors affect the distribution of light, including the building orientation, large window areas, and use of tinted glass. Problems include indirect glare from glossy surfaces and uneven light distribution due to obstructions. Solutions involve using non-glossy surfaces, low-e glass to improve daylighting, and rearranging furniture.

1.  

4.  Light is defined as radiant energy that is capable of exciting the
human retina and creating a visual sensation. Light also can
defined as that portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to which
our eyes are sensitive. The good quality of lighting can support
visual performance and interpersonal communication and improve
our feelings of wellbeing. Poor quality lighting can be uncomfortable
and confusing and can inhibit visual performance.
 Lighting present the information required by the designer to create
a quality lighting environment that necessary for satisfying aesthetic
and biological needs as well as the lighting required to perform
certain tasks.

5.  There are several objectives in investigate the lighting
performance, which is:-
1. Identify the factor or building parameters that effect the distribution
of daylight and artificial light.
2. Identify the problems of lighting systems in building and technique
or solution in overcomes the problem.
3. Identify whether spaces in existing building had been designed to
meet the standard requirement for illumination.

6.  The location of the study is at UiTM Perak’s library. This
library is selected based on the simple design of the
building. This library has only two floors. This library will
open at 8 am and close at 10 pm. At the weekends, it will
be closed at 6 pm. In the early morning when the library
opened, the entry of sunlight can be seen clearly. But, in
the evening, the inclusion of hard to see daylight for
lighting illuminates the entire space of the library. The
entire library window tinted make entry more difficult

8.  Background of UiTM Perak’s Library.
 Universiti Teknologi MARA (Perak) was established with the co-operation of the Perak
State Government and officially opened in 1985 at Bandar Baru Seri Manjung. The
campus is now located at Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Tengah District and occupies
an area of approximately 392.36 acres. The University started operations on
1st January 1999. This campus is strategically located along the Ipoh – Lumut main
road, which provides easy access to both Ipoh and Lumut.
 Library Division has been established in tandem with the establishment of ITM in Seri
Manjung Perak Branch on January 1, 1985. In January 1997, The Silver Branch Library
ITM has moved to its permanent campus in Seri Iskandar and placed temporarily in
the ground floor of the Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Survey (FSPU).In April
2003, the Library has been fully operational in its own building. It is headed by a

9.  Lighting Performance in Library
In UiTM Perak’s library, the lighting performance is tendency to give
less attention to the daylighting of rooms and use mostly on artificial
lighting only. The distribution of light in form of grid arrangement. The
type of lamps use is typical Fluorescent lamp that is cylindrical in
shape. The use of ceiling-mounted as luminaire for fluorescent lamp
can avoid glare that can cause discomfort on occupant or reader in
UiTM Perak’s library. The use curtain blind at the window minimize
the lighting on daylight. Thus, daylighting use in this library is less; in
percentage is about 5 % only while the artificial lighting is 95 % that
are use most.
In design of Permanent supplementary artificial lighting of interiors
(PSALI) requirement that is system of combined daylighting and
artificial lighting is not applicable in this building because the design
is not balance between daylighting and artificial lighting that are not
economic on energy consumption. Reflected glare that one of type of
glare, may also occur commonly as a result of reflection coming from
a bright source like table that are glossy surfaces.

10.  Factor Affecting the Distribution of Lighting in
UiTM Perak’s Library.
 1.0 BUILDING AREA AND
ORIENTATION
 2.0 WINDOW AREA AND
POSITION
 3.0 GLASS TYPE

11. The nearest building the library is faculty account building which located on the left. The building use concept
that depth of the room on from window to back wall is too long comparing with the width and height, then the
half of the room tends to look shadowy compared to the brightly-lit front half and supplement electric lighting
will be required for most the operation hour. The libraries facing the east thus directly receive sunlight. At the
moment, there are no obstructions to other building. During evening, sunrise position changed to the front of
faculty account building thus, creating obstruction to the library building. This happened due to the position of
the building.
 1.0 BUILDING AREA AND
ORIENTATION

12.  2.0 WINDOW AREA AND POSITION
The library use wide window openings that provide greater depth of daylight
penetration and the view of green landscape include the entire garden flora
outside the building suitable for the consumer of library. So the opening with
low sills project more light into floor and permit better distribution of
reflected ground light.

13.  3.0 GLASS TYPE
The library use tinted glass as the glass may absorb considerable amount of
infrared with some reduction of visible light. The VT ranges from 0.23 to 0.51. Use of
tinted glass may prolong the furniture texture because the glass good at blocking
ultraviolet rays. This also helps in reduce the glare on laptop screen as they are
many student use their laptop at the library. Safety measure can be taken as the
glass block the ultraviolet ray that could lead to cancer if exposed to it too much.

14.  4.0 SHADING
The library use canvas material for interior shading device to shade the window from
direct sunlight penetration but allow diffuse daylight to be emitted. The material can
be seen at every glass window. The library majorly do not have exterior shading
device as the building surrounded by huge trees, which also can be assume as
external shading device.

15.  5.0 EXTERNAL OBSTRUCTION
The external obstruction influences the daylight performance in two aspects which is
the amount of the sky being obstructed or unobstructed and the colour of external
surface finish that can be regarded as the reflected luminance from the obstructing
building. Above diagram shows that the main obstruction is the trees that
surrounding the building that cause the internal building looks gloomy.

16. Plan in library’s building
 Lighting
distributio
n
 Coordinati
on of
lamp in
library’s
building.

17. Ceiling-mounted fluorescent lamp
 Lamp
details Type of lamp: Typical Fluorescent
 Amount of lux transmitted: 1200
lux
 Amount of heat gain release: 25 °C

18. Plan in library’s building

19.  Window
details
 Type of glass:
Tinted glass
 Colour of tinted glass:
Purplish-Black
 Size:
2000 mm x 2000
mm
 Amount of lux allowed
transmitting:

20. Problem and solution - 1
• Problem: Indirect glare.
• Description: it would difficult task to work
under these conditions where the image of
a high intensity source of light is reflected
into the eyes from a glossy surface.
• Solution:
1) change the table and using type of table
that are non- glossy surface.
2) covered the surface of table by use light-
absorbent material like dark colour‘s cotton
fabric.

21. Problem and solution - 2
• Problem: Less amount of daylighting
transmitted into library.
• Description: too dependent on
artificial lighting and using less
efficiency on energy saving.
• Solution: use of low-e glass that
consume good daylighting and
substantially cutting down heat gain
rather than use tinted glass that
reduce the visible light transmitted
into library.

22. Problem and solution - 3
• Problem: many obstruction causes
irregular distribution of light.
• Description: the suitable lighting
distribution will give good lighting
performance according their needs.
• Solution: rearrange the position of
furnisher and other equipment.