This document describes a simplified SPICE behavioral model for a LiFePO4 battery. The model enables circuit designers to predict battery performance by simulating voltage over time based on charge/discharge current and capacity. Key parameters like capacity (C), initial state of charge (SOC1), and number of cells (NS) can be adjusted based on battery specifications. Examples show the model simulating voltage during charge/discharge and over varying levels of capacity to characterize a sample LiFePO4 battery's performance.

1. LiFePO4 Battery
Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model
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2. Contents
1. Benefit of the Model
2. Model Feature
3. Concept of the Model
4. Parameter Settings
5. LiFePO4 Battery Model Characteristic
6. LiFePO4 Battery Specification (Example)
6.1 Charge Time Characteristic
6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic
6.3 Vbat vs. Capacity Characteristic
Simulation Index
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3. 1. Benefit of the Model
• The model enables circuit designer to predict and optimize battery
runtime and circuit performance.
• The model can be easily adjusted to your own battery specifications
by editing a few parameters that are provided in the datasheet.
• The model is optimized to reduce the convergence error and the
simulation time
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4. • This LiFePO4 Battery Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model is for users who
require the model of a LiFePO4 Battery as a part of their system.
• Battery Voltage(Vbat) vs. Battery Capacity Level (SOC) Characteristic, that can
perform battery charge and discharge time at various current rate
conditions, are accounted by the model.
• As a simplified model, the effects of cycle number and temperature are
neglected.
2. Model Feature
4
Equivalent circuit of LiFePO4 Battery model
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5. 3. Concept of the Model
5
LiFePO4 battery
Simplified SPICE Behavioral Model
[Spec: C, NS]
Adjustable SOC1 [ 0-1(100%) ]
+
-
• The model is characterized by parameters: C, which represent the battery
capacity and SOC1, which represent the battery initial capacity level.
• Open-circuit voltage (VOC) vs. SOC is included in the model as an analog
behavioral model (ABM).
• NS (Number of Cells in series) is used when the LiFePO4 cells are in series to
increase battery voltage level.
Output
Characteristics
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6. 4. Parameter Settings
C is the amp-hour battery capacity [Ah]
– e.g. C = 50, 100, or 200 [Ah]
SOC1 is the initial state of charge in percent
– e.g. SOC1=0 for an empty battery (0%), SOC1=1
for a full charged battery (100%)
NS is the number of cells in series
– e.g. NS=1 for 1 cell battery, NS=2 for 2 cells
battery (battery voltage is double from 1 cell)
TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds (in the real world)
into a second (in simulation)
– e.g. TSCALE=60 turns 60s or 1min into a second,
TSCALE=3600 turns 3600s or 1h into a second,
• From the LiFePO4 Battery specification, the model is characterized by setting
parameters C, SOC1, NS and TSCALE.
6
Model Parameters:
(Default values)
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7. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Capacity(%)
Discharge (C)
5. LiFePO4 Battery Model Characteristic
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Cell Voltage (NS=1) 3.2V
Over-charge Voltage 3.8V
Discharge Cut-off Voltage 2V
Internal Resistance 1.51m
Charging Characteristics (0.2C at 25C)
Discharge Voltage Profiles

8. 6. LiFePO4 Battery Specification (Example)
• The battery information refer to a battery part number PSL-BTP-121000 of
Power-Sonic.
8
Nominal Voltage 12.8V
Rated Capacity Typical 100Ah (Constant Current of 0.33C)
Max Current
Charge 80A
Discharge 100A
Discharge Cut-off Voltage 10V
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LiFePO4 needs 4 cells to
reach this voltage level

9. 6.1 Charge Time Characteristic
9
Current=20A Voltage=15.2V
Measurement Simulation
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Over-charge Voltage
(3.8V x NS) – VD1

10. 6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic
10
0.33C
0.125C
0.2C
Battery voltage vs. Time are simulated at 0.125C, 0.2C, 0.33, 0.5C and 1C discharge rates
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0.5C1C

11. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Capacity(%)
Discharge (C)
6.3 Vbat vs. Capacity Characteristic
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Battery voltage vs. Capacity(%) are simulated at 0.125C, 0.2C, 0.33C, 0.5C and 1C discharge rates
Measurement Simulation

12. Simulation Index
12
Simulations Folder name
LiFePO4 Battery Model Characteristic.........
LiFePO4 Battery Specification (Example)
Charge Time Characteristic……...................
Discharge Time Characteristic......................
Vbat vs. Capacity Characteristic.....................
Charge_Time (x1_T1)
Discharge_Time (x1_T1)
Charge_Time (x4_T1)
Discharge_Time (x4_T1)
Discharge_SOC (x4_T60)
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