This document describes a simplified Simulink model of a lead-acid battery that can be used to simulate charge and discharge characteristics. The model accounts for battery voltage (Vbat) versus state of charge (SOC) and can simulate charge/discharge times at various current rates. It includes example simulations for a 50Ah battery showing charge time, discharge time waves at different discharge rates, and Vbat vs SOC curves. Instructions are provided on adjusting the model for different battery specifications by editing parameters like capacity and number of cells.
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Motor Starter design for switchgears.
It contains Methods of induction motor starting include :
Direct on-line starting
Star-delta starting
Resistance stator starting
Autotransformer starting
Slip ring motor starting
Soft starter starting/slackening
Frequency converter starting
Device selection and proposed circuit for different motor powers and some definition about Load List and other technical consideration of design.
The characteristics of a single phase induction motor are identical to three phase induction motor except that single phase induction motor has no inherent starting torque and some special arrangement have to be made for making itself starting.
Though single phase induction motor is not self-starting, we are using it because the three phase supply is not present at everywhere.
The voltage variation as well as power control of inductive load is essential in industrial sector.
The load may any motor or any inductive load.
We can use thyristor to this job but it is easier using TRIAC.
Digitization of Battery management System and Charging by Solar PanelSHEIKHMASEMMANDAL
This is SAP sponsored Project. Here we have researched and analyzed
the battery charging and discharging pattern and optimized the BMS to display on Local Screen/Website for the parameters like temperature, battery charging rate and battery discharging rate etc.
State-of-the-art of hardware-in-the-loop solutions for Battery Management Sys...Jorge Varela Barreras
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Lead-Acid Battery Simplified Simulink Model using MATLAB
1. Lead-Acid Battery
Simplified Simulink Model
using Matlab
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1
MATLAB Version
Bee Technologies
2. Contents
1. Benefit of the Model
2. Model Feature
3. Simulink Model of Lead-Acid Battery
4. Concept of the Model
5. Pin Configurations
6. Lead-Acid Battery Specification (Example)
6.1 Charge Time Characteristic
6.1.1 Charge Time Characteristic (Simulation Circuit)
6.1.2 Charge Time Characteristic (Simulation Settings)
6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic
6.2.1 Discharge Time Waveform - 50Ah (0.1C discharge)
6.2.2 Discharge Time Waveform - 50Ah (0.23C discharge)
6.2.3 Discharge Time Waveform - 50Ah (0.65C discharge)
6.2.4 Discharge Time Waveform - 50Ah (1.0C discharge)
6.2.5 Discharge Time Characteristic (Simulation Settings)
6.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic
6.3.1 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic (Simulation Circuit)
6.3.2 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic (Simulation Settings)
7. Extend the number of Cell (Example)
7.1.1 Charge Time Circuit - NS=3
7.1.2 Charge Time Waveform - NS=3
7.2.1 Discharge Time Circuit - NS=3
7.2.2 Discharge Time Waveform - NS=3
7.3 Charge & Discharge Time (Simulation Settings)
8. Port Specifications
Simulation Index
2All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
3. 1. Benefit of the Model
• The model enables circuit designer to predict and optimize Lead-Acid
battery runtime and circuit performance.
• The model can be easily adjusted to your own Lead-Acid battery
specifications by editing a few parameters that are provided in the
datasheet.
• The model is optimized to reduce the convergence error and the simulation
time.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 3
4. • This Lead-Acid Battery Simplified Simulink Model is for users who require
the model of a Lead-Acid Battery as a part of their system.
• Battery Voltage(Vbat) vs. Battery Capacity Level (SOC) Characteristic, that can
perform battery charge and discharge time at various current rate conditions,
are accounted by the model.
• As a simplified model, the effects of cycle number and temperature are
neglected.
2. Model Feature
4
Battery Circuit Model
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
5. 2
MINUS
1
PLUS
3. Simulink Model of Lead-Acid Battery
5
Equivalent Circuit of Lead-Acid Battery Model using Matlab
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
6. 4. Concept of the Model
6
Lead-Acid battery
Simplified Simulink Model
[Spec: C, NS]
Adjustable SOC : 0-100(%)
+
-
• The model is characterized by parameters: C, which represent the battery
capacity and SOC, which represent the battery initial capacity level.
• Open-circuit voltage (VOC) vs. SOC is included in the model as a behavioral
model.
• NS (Number of Cells in series) is used when the Lead-Acid cells are in series
to increase battery voltage level.
Output
Characteristics
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
7. 5. Pin Configurations
• From the Lead-Acid Battery specification, the model is characterized by setting parameters
C, NS, SOC and TSCALE.
7
Model Parameters:
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
Probe
“SOC”
C is the amp-hour battery capacity [Ah]
– e.g. C = 1, 50, or 100 [Ah]
NS is the number of cells in series
– e.g. NS=1 for 1 cell battery, NS=2 for 2 cells
battery (battery voltage is double from 1 cell)
SOC is the initial state of charge in percent
– e.g. SOC=0 for a empty battery (0%),
SOC=100 for a full charged battery (100%)
TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds(in the real world)
into a second(in simulation)
– e.g. TSCALE=60 turns 60s or 1min (in the real
world) into a second(in simulation),
TSCALE=3600 turns 3600s or 1h into a
second.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
8. 6. Lead-Acid Battery Specification
(Example)
• The battery information refer to a battery part number MSE Series of GS YUASA.
8
Battery capacity is input
as a model parameter
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
Table 1
Nominal Voltage 2.0 [Vdc] /Cell
Capacity 50Ah
Rated Charge 0.1C10A
Voltage Set 2.23 [Vdc] /Cell
Charging Time 24 [hours] @ 0.1C10A
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
9. 6.1 Charge Time Characteristic
9
• Voltage Set: 2.23V /Cell
• Charging Current: 5.0A (0.1C Charge)
• Charging Time: 24 [hours] @ 0.1C10A
Current: 5A (0.1C10A)
Voltage Set=2.23V
Datasheet Simulation
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
%SOC
(Second)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
10. 6.1.1 Charge Time Characteristic
Simulation Circuit
10
Over-Voltage Protector:
(Charging Voltage 1) - VF of Diode
Input Voltage
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
SOC=0 means battery
starts from 0% of
capacity (empty)
Charging Current
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
11. 6.1.2 Charge Time Characteristic
Simulation Settings
11All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
Table 2: Simulation settings
Property Value
StartTime 0
StopTime 100000
AbsTol auto
InitialStep auto
ZcThreshold auto
MaxConsecutiveZCs 1000
NumberNewtonIterations 1
MaxStep 10
MinStep auto
MaxConsecutiveMinStep 1
RelTol 1e-3
SolverMode Auto
Solver ode23t
SolverName ode23t
SolverType Variable-step
SolverJacobianMethodControl auto
ShapePreserveControl DisableAll
ZeroCrossControl UseLocalSettings
ZeroCrossAlgorithm Adaptive
SolverResetMethod Fast
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
12. 6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic
12All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
• Battery voltage vs. time are simulated at 0.1C, 0.23C, 0.65C and 1.0C discharge rates.
Datasheet
• Battery starts from 100% of capacity (fully charged)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
13. 13
0.1C discharge (5A)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
6.2.1 Discharge Time Waveform
50Ah (0.1C discharge)
• Nominal Voltage: 2.0 [Vdc] /Cell
• Capacity: 50Ah
• 0.1C discharge (5.0A)
(Second)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
14. 14
0.23C discharge (11.5A)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
6.2.2 Discharge Time Waveform
50Ah (0.23C discharge)
• Nominal Voltage: 2.0 [Vdc] /Cell
• Capacity: 50Ah
• 0.23C discharge (11.5A)
(Second)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
15. 15
0.65C discharge (32.5A)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
6.2.3 Discharge Time Waveform
50Ah (0.65C discharge)
• Nominal Voltage: 2.0 [Vdc] /Cell
• Capacity: 50Ah
• 0.65C discharge (32.5A)
(Second)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
16. 16
1.0C discharge (50A)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
6.2.4 Discharge Time Waveform
50Ah (1.0C discharge)
• Nominal Voltage: 2.0 [Vdc] /Cell
• Capacity: 50Ah
• 1.0C discharge (50A)
(Second)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
17. 17All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
6.2.4 Discharge Time Characteristic
Simulation Settings
Table 3: Simulation settings
Property Value
StartTime 0
StopTime 36000, 13932, 3420, 1836
AbsTol auto
InitialStep auto
ZcThreshold auto
MaxConsecutiveZCs 1000
NumberNewtonIterations 1
MaxStep 10
MinStep auto
MaxConsecutiveMinStep 1
RelTol 1e-3
SolverMode Auto
Solver ode23t
SolverName ode23t
SolverType Variable-step
SolverJacobianMethodControl auto
ShapePreserveControl DisableAll
ZeroCrossControl UseLocalSettings
ZeroCrossAlgorithm Adaptive
SolverResetMethod Fast
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
18. 6.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic
18All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
0 1 2 3
(%ofRatedCapacity)
Discharge Rate (Multiples of C)
Mesurement
Simulation
Datasheet Simulation
@25C
@25C
• Nominal Voltage: 2.0 [Vdc] /Cell
• Capacity: 50Ah
• 0.1C, 0.25C, 0.6C, 1.0 and 3.0C (discharge rates)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
19. 6.3.1 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic
Simulation Circuit
19All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
Battery starts from
100% of capacity
(fully charged)
• Battery voltage vs. SOC are simulated at 0.1C, 0.25C, 0.6C and 1.0C discharge rates.
Discharge Current
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
20. 6.3.2 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic
Simulation Settings
20All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
Table 4: Simulation settings
Property Value
StartTime 0
StopTime 36000, 12600, 3780, 1836
AbsTol auto
InitialStep auto
ZcThreshold auto
MaxConsecutiveZCs 1000
NumberNewtonIterations 1
MaxStep 10
MinStep auto
MaxConsecutiveMinStep 1
RelTol 1e-3
SolverMode Auto
Solver ode23t
SolverName ode23t
SolverType Variable-step
SolverJacobianMethodControl auto
ShapePreserveControl DisableAll
ZeroCrossControl UseLocalSettings
ZeroCrossAlgorithm Adaptive
SolverResetMethod Fast
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
21. • The battery information refer to a battery part number MSE-100-6 of GS YUASA.
21All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
7. Extend the number of Cell (Example)
Voltage - Rated 6.0 [Vdc] /Cell
Capacity 100Ah
Rated Charge 0.1C10A
Voltage Set 2.23V*3 [Vdc] /Cell
Charging Time 24 [hours] @ 0.1C10A
Basic Specification
Lead-Acid needs 3 cells
to reach this voltage level
The number of cells
in series is input as
a model parameter
0.2
6
Acid-Lead
VoltageNominal
RatedVoltage
NS
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
22. 7.1.1 Charge Time Circuit
NS=3
22
Over-Voltage Protector:
(Voltage Set 3) - VF of Diode
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
Number of Cells
1 hour into a second (in
simulation)
Charging Current
Input Voltage
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
23. 23
• Voltage Set: 2.23V 3
• Capacity: 100Ah
• Charging Current: 10A (0.1 Charge)
Voltage Set=6.69V
(hour)
The battery needs 24 hours to be fully charged
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
7.1.2 Charge Time Waveform
NS=3
Current: 10A (0.1C)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
24. 7.2.1 Discharge Time Circuit
NS=3
24All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
• Battery voltage vs. time are simulated at 0.1C discharge rate.
• Nominal Voltage: 2.0V 3
• Capacity: 100Ah
• Discharge Current: 10A (0.1C)
Number of Cells
1 hour into a second
(in simulation)
Discharge Current
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
25. 25
(hour)
10A (0.1C)Nominal voltage: 6.0V
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
7.2.2 Discharge Time Waveform
NS=3
• Nominal Voltage: 2.0V 3
• Capacity: 100Ah
• Discharge Current: 10A (0.1C)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
26. 7.3 Charge & Discharge Time
Simulation Settings
26All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
Table 5: Simulation settings
Property Value
StartTime 0
StopTime 24, 10
AbsTol auto
InitialStep auto
ZcThreshold auto
MaxConsecutiveZCs 1000
NumberNewtonIterations 1
MaxStep 0.1
MinStep auto
MaxConsecutiveMinStep 1
RelTol 1e-3
SolverMode Auto
Solver ode23t
SolverName ode23t
SolverType Variable-step
SolverJacobianMethodControl auto
ShapePreserveControl DisableAll
ZeroCrossControl UseLocalSettings
ZeroCrossAlgorithm Adaptive
SolverResetMethod Fast
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
27. 8. Port Specifications
27All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015
Table 6
Parameter Simulink Simscape
NS O
C O
TSCALE O
%SOC O
VSOC O
PLUS O
MINUS O
Battery Model
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
28. Simulation Index
28
Simulations Folder name
1. Charge Time Characteristic..................................................
2. Discharge Time Characteristic..............................................
3. Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic...................................................
4. Charge Time Characteristic – NS=3......................................
5. Discharge Time Characteristic – NS=3..................................
Charge_Time
Discharge_Time
Discharge_SOC
Charge_Time(NS)
Discharge_Time(NS)
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2015All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015