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Tells about the different parts of the circulatory system, it also tells their functions, and how the blood circulates throughout the body. The importance of circulatory system in our body is also here.
Structure & Function of Heart and its parts. Heart walls, pericardium, heart valves, septa, nodal tissues, coronary circulation, blood vessels of heart, AV bundle, bundle of his, purkinje fibers, myogenic nature of heart, action potential generation.
Cardiac monitoring generally refers to continuous or intermittent monitoring of heart activity, generally by electrocardiography, with an assessment of the patient's condition relative to their cardiac rhythm.
Join live classes, download study aids, sell your documents, join or host your own classes online, get tutoring, tutor students, take practices tests and more at Examville.com
Tells about the different parts of the circulatory system, it also tells their functions, and how the blood circulates throughout the body. The importance of circulatory system in our body is also here.
Structure & Function of Heart and its parts. Heart walls, pericardium, heart valves, septa, nodal tissues, coronary circulation, blood vessels of heart, AV bundle, bundle of his, purkinje fibers, myogenic nature of heart, action potential generation.
Cardiac monitoring generally refers to continuous or intermittent monitoring of heart activity, generally by electrocardiography, with an assessment of the patient's condition relative to their cardiac rhythm.
Artificial heart has provided a viable option for patient awaiting heart transplantation. Future developments on artificial hearts have the hope of eliminating the need for the transplantation completely.
A moderately frequent illness called congestive heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's demands. It frequently happens as a result of a chronic illness or aging. The body makes an effort to make up for this by boosting blood salt levels and fluid retention.
Swelling, weight gain, and shortness of breath may result from this. Diabetes and high blood pressure are other conditions linked to congestive heart failure. Congestive heart failure, however, is most frequently brought on by coronary artery disease (CAD). This occurs when the arteries that carry blood to the heart start to constrict and narrow.
When calling a doctor is important to question Dr. Sumit shejol Cardiologist from Hrudaysparsh Clinic Suggests that if you recognize the majority of the symptoms of heart failure. Certain signs and symptoms, such as chest pain, acute breathlessness, an irregular heartbeat, extreme weakness, or fainting, demand rapid medical attention. Do not delay in seeking assistance, do not self-diagnose, and do not self-medicate if you feel any of that. Some of these symptoms may also be a sign of heart failure or another serious lung, heart, or cardiovascular disease. Your condition is stabilized as emergency room doctors try to identify the source of your symptoms. Call your doctor right away if you've already been given a heart failure diagnosis and you realize that your symptoms have gotten worse or a new symptom has appeared.
Congestive heart failure is a fatal condition with a high mortality rate. Congestive heart failure has a wide range of risk factors. Smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, being obese, and having experienced a heart attack in the past are some of them. It can also be brought on by a hereditary condition like cardiomyopathy. The condition can cause the heart muscle to expand and become excessively thick, which can result in heart failure. Congestive heart failure can be exacerbated by lifestyle choices including smoking, excessive alcohol intake, or tobacco use.
Sambhali Trust http://www.sambhali-trust.org/ is a non-profit NGO that runs a variety of projects that empower women and girls who are victims or potential victims of abuse.
Watch: The Girl Effect-the clock is ticking http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1e8xgF0JtVg&NR=1&feature=endscreen
and
The Girl Effect: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIvmE4_KMNw
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
DISSERTATION on NEW DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF DRUG DISCOVERYNEHA GUPTA
The process of drug discovery and development is a complex and multi-step endeavor aimed at bringing new pharmaceutical drugs to market. It begins with identifying and validating a biological target, such as a protein, gene, or RNA, that is associated with a disease. This step involves understanding the target's role in the disease and confirming that modulating it can have therapeutic effects. The next stage, hit identification, employs high-throughput screening (HTS) and other methods to find compounds that interact with the target. Computational techniques may also be used to identify potential hits from large compound libraries.
Following hit identification, the hits are optimized to improve their efficacy, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties, resulting in lead compounds. These leads undergo further refinement to enhance their potency, reduce toxicity, and improve drug-like characteristics, creating drug candidates suitable for preclinical testing. In the preclinical development phase, drug candidates are tested in vitro (in cell cultures) and in vivo (in animal models) to evaluate their safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Toxicology studies are conducted to assess potential risks.
Before clinical trials can begin, an Investigational New Drug (IND) application must be submitted to regulatory authorities. This application includes data from preclinical studies and plans for clinical trials. Clinical development involves human trials in three phases: Phase I tests the drug's safety and dosage in a small group of healthy volunteers, Phase II assesses the drug's efficacy and side effects in a larger group of patients with the target disease, and Phase III confirms the drug's efficacy and monitors adverse reactions in a large population, often compared to existing treatments.
After successful clinical trials, a New Drug Application (NDA) is submitted to regulatory authorities for approval, including all data from preclinical and clinical studies, as well as proposed labeling and manufacturing information. Regulatory authorities then review the NDA to ensure the drug is safe, effective, and of high quality, potentially requiring additional studies. Finally, after a drug is approved and marketed, it undergoes post-marketing surveillance, which includes continuous monitoring for long-term safety and effectiveness, pharmacovigilance, and reporting of any adverse effects.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
2. An artificial heart replaces a regular heart that does not function correctly The artificial heart pumps blood around the body and controls the speed of the pumping The artificial heart is strapped around the waist and an internal battery is inside when the waist battery is removed Artificial Heart
3. Artificial blood is still being made The perfect artificial blood that is hoped to be made will have: long shelf life, does not need to be refrigerated, does not need to match the blood type and is infection free Artificial Blood
4. Artificial heart valves replace regular heart valves through surgery Medicine may also need to be taken when replacing heart valves in order to prevent clots as blood flows through the artificial heart valve Artificial Heart Valves
5. ECG ECG is an abbreviation for “Electrocardiogram” The ECG shows the electrical activity of a persons heart The patterns seen on the ECG assist in diagnosing heart disease or abnormalities Electrodes are stuck to the skin to produce the ECG which measures the electrical impulse produced as the heart beats
