Life and work of Rizal

C. M. D. Hamo-ay
2 | The Life and Works of Jose Rizal 1
UNIT 3: JOSE RIZAL’S LIFE
2.0 Intended Learning Outcomes
a. Analyze Rizal’s family, childhood, and early education.
b. Evaluate the people and events and their influence on Rizal’s early life.
c. Explain the principles of assimilation advocated by the Propaganda
Movement.
d. Analyze the factors that led to Rizal’s execution.
e. Analyze the effects of Rizal’s execution on Spanish colonial rule and the
Philippine Revolution.
2.1 Introduction
This module focuses on José Rizal’s life, the greatest hero of the Filipino who died
for his countrymen. Knowing Rizal from his ancestors, family, and siblings. Rizal’s wonder
achievement starting from his birth. It includes all about his childhood and early education,
higher education and life abroad, where he finished his other degrees and specialized
ophthalmology in UST Manila, and in Europe, José Rizal wrote about the discrimination that
accompanied Spain's colonial rule of his country. He returned to the Philippines but was
exiled due to his desire for reform. Although he supported peaceful change, Rizal was
convicted of sedition and executed on December 30, 1896, at age 35.
2.2 Topics/Discussion (with Assessment/Activities)
2.2.1 Family, Childhood and Early Education
2.2.1.1 Family
Jose Rizal was born on June 19, 1861 and baptized by Rev. Rufino
Collantes in the Catholic church on June 22, 1861, three days after his birth.
His God father was Rev. Pedro Casaňas in the town in Calamba, province of
Laguna. Calamba, then a town with around three to four thousand
inhabitants, is located 54 kilometers south of Manila. It is found in the heart
of a region known for its agricultural prosperity and it among the major and
is among the major producer of sugar and rice, with an abundant variety of
tropical of fruits. On the southern part of the town lies the majestic Mount
Makiling, band on the other side is the lake called Laguna De Bay. The
Calamba landmark
Calamba Church & Banga
Source: https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=calambalagunalandmark&qs

C. M. D. Hamo-ay
wonders of creation that surrounded Rizal made him love nature from an early age.
His student memoirs shows how his love of nature influenced his appreciation of the
arts and sciences (Coates, 1992).
Rizal’s father, Francisco Mercado, was a wealthy farmer who leased lands from
the Dominican friars. Francisco’s earliest ancestors were Siang-co and Zun-nio, who
later give birth to Lam-co. Lam-co is said to have come from the district of Fujian in
southern China and migrated to the Philippines in the late 1600s. In 1697, he was
baptized in Binondo, adopting “Domingo” as his last name. He married Ines de la Rosa
of a known entrepreneurial family in Binondo. Domingo and Ines kater settled in the
estate if San Isidro Labrador, owned by the Dominicans. In 1731, they had a son whom
they named Francisco Mercado. The original name of the Rizal family was “Mercado,”
which means “market,” was common surname adapted by many Chinese merchants at
that time (Reyno, 2012).because of the decree issued by Governor Claveria directing all
Filipino families to choose new surnames, Francisco, Jose’s father chose his own
surname Rizal, came from the Spanish word RICIAL which means “green field”or new
pasture. Francisco Mercado became one of the richest in Biñan and owned the largest
herd of carabaos. He was alsoactive in localpolitics and was elected as Captain del pueblo
in 1783. He had a son named Juan Mercado who was elected as Captain del pueblo in
1808, and 1823 (Reyno, 2012).
Being in a privileged family, Francisco Engracio (1818-1898) had a good
education that started in a Latin school in Biñan. Afterwards, he attended the College
of San Jose in Manila. In 1848, Francisco married Teodora Alonzo (1826-1911) who
belongsto one of the wealthiest familiesin Manila. Teodora, whos father was a member
of the Spanish Corted, was educated at the College of Sta. Rosa. Rizal described her as
“a woman of more than ordinary culture” and that she is “a mathematicians and has
read many books” (Letter to Blumentritt, November 8, 1888). Because of Francisco and
Teodora’s industry and hardwork, their family became a prominent member of the
principalia class in the town in Calamba. Their house was among the first concrete
houses to be built the
Juan Mercado married Cirila
Alejandra, a native of Biñan. They had 13
children, including Fransisco Engracio, the
Father of Jose Rizal. Following Governor
Narciso Claviria’s decree in 1849 which
ordered the Filipinos to adopt Spanish
surnames, Francisco Engracio Mercado added
the surname “Rizal,” from the word “racial”
meaning “green field,” as he later settled in
the town in Calamba as a farmer growing
sugar canes, rice, and indigo.
Jose Rizal’s Family Tree
Source: https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=rizal family&qs

C. M. D. Hamo-ay
town. Rafael Palma (1949, p.1), one of the first biographers of Jose Rizal, described the
Family’s house:
The house was high and even sumptuous, a solid and massive earthquake-proof structure
with a sliding shell windows. Thick walls of lime and stone bounded the first floor, which was of
red tile, in the style of the buildings in Manila at that time. Francisco himself selected the hardest
wood from the forest and had them sawed; it took him more than two years to construct the house.
At the back there was an azotea and a wide, deep cistern to hold rain water for house use.
Jose Rizal (1861-1896) is the seventh among the eleven children of Francisco Mercado
and Teodora Alonso. The other children were: Saturnina (1850-1913); Paciano (1821-
1930; Narcisa (1852-1939); Olimpia (1855-1887); Lucia (1857-1919); Maria (1859-1945);
Concepcion (1862-1865); Josefa (1865-1945); Trinidad (1868-1951); and Soledad (1870-
1929).
Rizal was affectionate to all his siblings, of his sisters, he loved most the little
Concha (Concepcion), he was one year older than Concha, unfortunately Concha died
of sickness in 1865 at three years old, the death of Concha brought him his first sorrow.
Rizal’s relation with his only brother, Paciano, was more than that of an older brother.
Paciano became Rizal’s second father. Rizal highly respected him and valued all his
advice. It was Paciano who accompanied Rizal when he first went to school in Biñan. It
was also him who convinced Rizal to pursue his studies in Europe. Like Rizal, Paciano
Source: https://www.bing.com/search?q=Jose+Rizal+house
Jose Rizal’s Parents
Jose Rizal’s Parents & Siblings
Source: https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=rizal
family&qs
Rizal’s Shrine at Calamba, Laguna

C. M. D. Hamo-ay
was his college education in Manila but later decided to join the Katipunan and fight
for independence. After the revolution, Paciano retired to his home in Los Baños and
led a quiet life until his death in 1930.
2.2.1.2 Childhood and Early Education
Rizal had good memories of childhood in Calamba. As a family, they prayed
together during the Angelus, There were times when they would stay in the garden
exchanging stories. It was in this garden where he learned to appreciate nature. Rizal’s
childhood was full of love and care shown to him by his parents and siblings. Due to
his poor health, Rizal has a personal servant who, after the daily Angelus, would tell
him legends and fairy tales. These stories made him become interested in myths and
folklores.
Just likethe other childrenfrom the principalia class,Rizalexperiencededucation
under private tutor. His first private tutor was Maestro Celestino followed by Maestro
Lucas Padua. But it was Leon Monroy, his third tutor, who honed his skills in basic
Latin, reading, and writing. This home education from private tutors prepared Rizal to
formal schooling which he first experienced in Biñan.
At the age of nine, Rizal left Calamba with his brother to study in Biñan. After
one-and-a-half hour travel, they reached the town on board a carromata. They went to
the house of their aunt where Rizal stayed for more than a year. Before leaving his
brother, Paciano introduced Rizal to the teacher, Justiniano Aquino Cruz, who was also
Paciano’s former teacher.
The class, as described by Rizal (P. Jacinto, 1879), was in a nipa house, about
thirty meters away from his aunt’s house. Every Day, Rizal would wake up early and
either hear mass at four o’clock in the morning or study his lesson first and go to mass
after. After returning home, he would take breakfast and go to class from which he
would come out at ten o’clock. He would then again go to school at two o’clock and
come outat five. He wouldpray with his cousinsat six and then studyfor a while before
going to sleep.
In Biñan, he excelled in Latin and Spanish. He also had painting lesson under
Maestro Cruz’ father-in-law, Juancho, an old painter. Rizal’s leisure hours were mostly
spent in Juancho’s studio where he was given free lessons in painting and drawing.
As a young boy, Rizal demonstrated intelligence
and learned easily. His first teacher was Doña
Teodora who taught him how to pray. He was only
three years old when he learned the alphabet. At a
very young age, he already showed a great interest
in reading books. He enjoyed staying in their
library at home with his mother. Eventually, Doña
Teodora would notice Rizal’s skills in poetry. She
would ask him to write verses. Later, she felt the
need for a private tutor for the young Rizal.
Young Jose Rizal

C. M. D. Hamo-ay
After receiving a letter from his sister, Saturtina, Rizal returned to Calamba on
December 17, 1870 after one-and-a-half year of schooling in Biñan. He went home on
board the steamship Talim and was accompanied by Arturo Camps, a Frenchman and
friend of his father (P. Jacinto, 1879).
Activity/Self-check:
A. Answer question briefly and concisely, evaluation based on the
rubrics found on the last page of this module. (10 points)
Q. How did the family members contribute Jose Rizal’s moral and
spiritual life?
A. ____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Q. Compare Jose Rizal as young boy to the young generation at present.
A. ______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Q. Describe the background of Rizal’s ancestry that have contributed to his life
and education.
A. ______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Q. Describe Rizal’s education in Biňan.
A. ______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Carromata, transport from Calamba to Biňan Jose Rizal & his Teacher at Biňan
Source: https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=carromata where rizal ride from calamba to binan

C. M. D. Hamo-ay
2.2.2 Higher Education and Life Abroad
2.2.2.1 Student of Manila
Rizal was sent by his father to Ateneo
Municipal, formerly known as Escuela Pia, for a
six-year program, Bachiller en Artes. He took the
entrance exam on June 10, 1872, four month after
the execution of Gomburza. He followedthe advice
of his brother, Paciano, to use the name Jose Rizal
instead of Jose Mercado. He feared that Rizalmight
run into trouble if it was known openly that they
were brothers since Paciano was known to have
links to Jose Burgos, one of the leaders of
secularization movement and one of three priests
executed.
During this time, Ateneo Municipal was
known to offer the best education for boys. Like
all colleges in Manila, Ateneo was managed by
priests, but with an important differences in the
sense that these religious were not friars but
Jesuit Fathers. Students in Ateneo were
requiredto attend masses in the morning before
the start of classes. Ateneo was also known for
its rigid discipline and religious instruction that
trained students’ characters.
https://www.bing.com/images/search?q
=rizal in ust&qs
B. Listed in the left column are important dates in the life of Jose Rizal. Supply the
events that took place on these dates.
Dates Events
December 17, 1870
June 28, 1848
June 19, 1861
June 22, 1861
C. Listed in the left column are names of individuals related or affiliated with Jose
Rizal. Supply the kind of relation or affiliation they had with him.
Names Relation or Affiliation with Jose Rizal
Narciso Claveria
Francisco Mercado
Juan Mercado
Teodora Alonzo
Pedro Casaňas
Jose Florentino
Concepcion Mercado
Paciano Mercado
Soledad Mercado
Rufino Collantes

C. M. D. Hamo-ay
Students in Ateneo were divided into two groups, the Romans and the
Carthaginians. At the start, Rizal lagged behind his classmates but because of his
perseverance and seriousness in studies, he became the “emperor,” a title given to the
most outstanding from 1872-1877.
Rizal used his free time for an extra curricular activities, such as religious
society, cultivatedhis literary and sculpturaltalents. Writing poetry in various topics:
religions, education, childhood memories and war, such as Felicitacion (Felicitation),
El Embarque: Himno a la (The Battle: Urbiztundo, Terror of Jolo), La Tragedia de San
Eustaquio (The Tragedy of St. Eustace), Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My
Town), Alianza Intima Entre la Religion y la Buena Educacion (Intimate Alliance Between
Religion and Good Education), Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria (Through
Education the Country Receives Light), El
Cautiverio y el Triunfo: Batalla de Lucena y
Prision de Boaddil (The Captivity and the
Truimph: Battle of Lucena and the
After finishing Bachiller en Artes, Rizal was sent by Don Francisco to the
University of Sto. Thomas. Initially, Doña Teodora opposed the idea for the fear of
what had happened to Gomburza. Despite this, Rizal still pursued university
education and enrolled in UST. During his freshman year (1877-1878), he attended the
course Philosophy and Letters. Also in the same year, he took up a vocational course
in Ateneo that gave him the title perito agrimensor (expert surveyor) issued on
November 25, 1881.
https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=rizal in ateneo&qs
https://www.google.com/search?q=segunda+katigbak&tbm
Rizal developed his artistic skills carving an image of Virgin Mary and
Sacred Heart of Jesus on a piece of batikuling (Philippine hardwood) with the use
of pocket-knife, and presented to his Jesuit professors. In those years, he
consistently showed excellence in his academic performance. He passed the oral
examination on March 14, 1877 and graduatedwith a degree Bachiller en Artes, with
the highest honors.
After graduation, Rizal experienced his
first painful romance with Segunda Katigbak
from Lipa,Batangas, a closedfriend of his sister
Olimpia, he was indeed a love at first sight, but
Segunda was already engaged to be married to
her townmate.

C. M. D. Hamo-ay
2.2.2.2 Rizal in Europe
On May 3, 1882, RizalLeft the PhilippinesforSpain. In his first trip abroad, Rizal
was very excite to learn new things. He was only twenty year old and as a young man,
he was very observant and eager to interact with foreign nationals. He made sketches
of his fellow passengers and of the things that he saw during his travels.
Rizal reached Barcelona on June 16, 1882. He arrived during the summer vacation so
he as able to meet up with former classmates
in Ateneo. These classmates organized a
welcome party for Rizal at a coffee house in
Plaza deCataluña. They toured Rizalaround
the city and brought him to the famous
historical site in Barcelona. In this city, Rizal
found time to write an essay entitled “El
Amor Patrio” (Love of Country). This essay
was published on August 20, 1882 in
Diariong Tagalog where he was used the pen name Laong Laan.
In his second year at UST, Rizal
shifted his course to Medicine. He felt the
need to take up this course after learning
about his mother’s failing eyesight.
Rizal’s Academic performance in UST was
not as impressive as that in Ateneo. He
was a good student in Medicine but not as
gifted as we is in Arts and Letters. Despite
this, he was still one of the seven student
who remained in the course in his last year
at UST out of the original batch of twenty-
four (Jose, 2011).
In 1882, Rizal and Paciano made a secret
pact—Rizal would go to Europe for the
great task of liberating the country from
Spanish tyranny.
After the summer vacation, Rizal decided
to move to Madrid where he enrolledin Medicine
and Philosophy and Letters at the Universidad
Central de Madrid (presently the Universidad
Complutense de Madrid) on November 3, 1882.
He also took lessons in painting and sculpture at
the Academia de San Fernando, and classes in
French, English, and German at the Madrid
Ateneo. Not content with these Activities, he still
manage to enroll in fencing class at the schools of
Sanz and Carbonell. In January of 1883, Rizal
wrote to his family and informed them that: “I am
now studying Italian and have made a bet that I
shallbe ableto speak it in two months” (Guererro,
2010).

C. M. D. Hamo-ay
Rizal was awarded with the degree and the title of Licentiate in Medicine for
passing the medical examinations in June 1884. With this title, Rizal was able to
practice medicine. He continued enrolling in courses that would have led to a
Doctorate in Medicine but the degree was not given to him because he failed to pay
the fee required to defend his thesis. It is important to note that at this time, Rizal was
already feeling the effect of the difficult economic situation in Calamba. His family
faced financial problem brought about by low crop production because of drought
and locusts aggravated by the hike in rentals on the haciendas by the Dominicans.
Consequently, there were delays in his monthly allowance from the Philippines.
Rizalalso took examinations in Greek, Latin, and world history. He won the first
prize in Greek and a grade if “excellent” in history. He also obtained the degree
Licenciado en Filosofia y Letras (Licentiate inb Philosophy and Letters) from the
Universidad Central de Madrid on June 19, 1885 with a rating of sobresaliente. In
between his studies, Rizal made time for meeting fellow Filipinos in Madrid. Known
as ilustrados, these Filipinos (enlightened ones) formed the Circulo Hispano-Filipino
which held informal programs with activities like poetry-reading and debates. As a
prolific writer and poet, Rizal was asked to write a poem. As a result, he wrote Mi
Piden Versos (They Ask Me for Verses).
Filipinos in Madrid occasionally visited Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey, the former
city mayor of Manila under the term of Governor-General Carlos Maria de la Torre.
Rizal joined his fellow Filipinos and he felt in loved with Don Pablo’s daughter,
Consuelo. However, Rizal did not pursue courting her because of his commitment to
Leonor Rivera. His friend Eduardo de Lete, was also in love with Consuelo but did
https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=
complutense university of madrid&qs
In one of the Filipino reunions at the house of
Pedro Paterno in Madrid on January 2, 1884, Rizal
proposed the writing of a novel about the Philippine
Society. The group approved the project but this pan
did not materialize. His fellow Filipinos who agreed
to help him did not write anything so he drafted the
novel alone. It was in Madrid that he was able to
write the first half of his novel, Noli Me Tangere.
https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=noli me tangere&qs
While in Madrid, Rizal was exposed to liberal ideas through the masons that
he met. He was impressed with the masons’ view about the knowledge and
reasoning and how they value brotherhood. He joined the masonry and became the
Master Madon at the lodge Solidaridad on November 15, 1890.

C. M. D. Hamo-ay
0
not want to ruin their friendship. In 1883, Rizal wrote a poem for Consuelo entitled A
Señorita C. O. y R.
Rizal specialized in ophthalmology and trained under the leading
ophthalmologists in Europe like Dr. Louis de Weckert of Paris for whom he worked
as an assistant from October 1885 to March 1886. In Germany, he also worked with
expert ophthalmologists Dr. Javier Gelozowsky and Dr. Otto Becker in Heidelberg in
1886 and Dr. R. Schulzer and Dr. Schwiegger in 1887 (De Vianna, 2011).
During his stay in Germany, Rizal befriended different scholars like Fredrich
Ratzel, a German historian. Through his friend, Ferdinand Blumentritt, Rizal was also
able to meet Feodor Jagor and Hand Virchow, an Anthropologists who were doing
studieson Philippineculture.Rizalmastered the German language and wrote a paper
entitled Tagalische Verkunst (Tagalog Metrical Art). He also translated Schiller’s
William Tell into Tagalog in 1886. It was also in Berlin where he finished Noli Me
Tangere which was published on March 21, 1887 with financial help from his friend
Maximo Viola.
After Five years in Europe, Rizal went home to Calamba on August 8, 1887. He
spent time with the member of his family who were delighted to see him again. He
also kept himself busy by opening a medical clinic and curing the sick. He came to be
known as Doctor Uliman as he as mistaken for a German. His Vacation, however, was
cut short because he was targeted by the friars who were portrayed negatively in his
novel Noli Me Tangere. He left the country for the second time in February 16, 1888.
2.2.2.3 Rizal’s Second Trip to Europe
In his second trip, Rizal became more active
in the Propaganda Movement with fellow Ilustrados
like Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena,
Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, and Trinidad Pardo
de Tavera. The Propaganda Movement campaigned
for reforms such as: (1) for the Philippines to be
made a province of Spain so that native Filipinos
would have equal rights accorded to Spaniards; (2)
representation of the Philippines in the Spanish
Cortes; and (3) secularization of parishes.
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Antonio Luna
Graciano Lopez Jaena
Trinidad Pardo de Tavera
The
Propagandist
https://www.bing.com/images/search?q
=the propaganda movement&qs
Rizal became preoccupied with writing
articles and essays which were published in the
Propaganda Movement’s newspaper, La Solidaridad.
Among his intellectual works in Europe is his
annotation of Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas (1890) in which Rizal showed that even
before the coming of the Spaniards, the Filipinos
already had developed culture. He also wrote an
essayentitled “Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos” (On
the Indolence of the Filipinos) published in 1890 in
which he attributed the Filipinos’ “indolence” to
different factors such as climate and social
disorders. Another essay he wrote strongly called
for reforms; it was called “Filipinas Dentro de Cien
Años” (The Philippines a Century Hence) published
in parts from 1889 to 1890.

C. M. D. Hamo-ay
1
2.2.3 Exile, Trial and Death
2.2.3.1 Exile in Dapitan
Rizal arrived in dapitan on board the steamer Cebu in July 17, 1892. Dapitan
(now a city within Zamboanga del Norte) was a remote town in Mindanao which
served as a politico-militaryoutpost of the Spaniards in the Philippines.It was headed
by Captain Ricardo Carnicero, who became a friend of Rizalsduring his exile.He gave
By July 1891, while in Brussels, Rizal
completed his second novel, El Filibusterismo,
which was published on September 18, 1891
through the help of his friend, Valentin Ventura.
Compared with his Noli, Rizal’s El Fili was more
radical with its narrative portrayed of a society on
the verge of a revolution.
In 1892, Rizal decided to return to the Philippines thinking that the real struggle was
in his homeland. In spite of warnings and his family’s disapproval, Rizal arrived in the
Philippines on June 26, 1892. Immediately, he visited his friends in Central Luzon and
encouraged them to join the La Liga Filipina, a socio-civic organization that Rizal established
on July 3, 1892. Unfortunately, just a few days after the Liga’s formation, Rizal was arrested
and brought to Fort Santiago on July 6, 1892. He was charged with bringing with him from
Hong Kong leaflets entitled Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars), a satire against the rich Dominican
friars and their accumulation of wealth which was against their vow of poverty. In spite of
his protests and denial of having those materials, Rizal was exiled to Dapitan in Mindanao.
https://www.google.com/search
?q=el+filibusterismo&source
https://www.google.com/search
?q=la+liga+filipina&client
https://www.google.com/search?q=jo
se+rizal+article&tbm

C. M. D. Hamo-ay
2
Rizal the permission to explore the place and required him to report once a week in
his office.
This quiet place of Dapitan became Rizal’s home from 1892 to 2896. Here, he
practiced medicine, pursued scientific studies, and continued his artistic pursuits in
sculpture, paintings, sketching, and writing poetry. He established a school for boys
and promoted community development projects. He also found time to study the
Malayan language and other Philippine languages. He engaged himself in farming
and commerce and even invented a wooden machine for making bricks.
On September 21, 1892, Rizal won the second prize in a lottery together with Ricardo
Carnicero and another Spaniard. His share amounted to 6,200 pesos. A portion of
Rizal’s winnings was used in purchasing land approximately one kilometer away
from Dapitan in a placeknown asTalisay.He builthis houseon the seashoreof Talisay
as well as a school and a hospital within the area.
In his letter to Blumentritt (December 19, 1893), Rizal described his daily
activities in Dapitan:
I am going to tell you how we live here. I have a square house, another hexagonal, and another
octagonal all made of bamboo, wood and nipa. In the square my mother, sister Trinidad, a
nephew and I live. In the octagonal my boys live-some boys whom I teach arithmetic, Spaniards
and English- and now and then a patient who has been operated on. In the hexagonal are my
chickens. From my house I hear the murmur of a crystalline rivulet that comes from the high
rocks. I see the beach, the sea where I have two small crafts-two canoes or barotos, as they call
them here. I have many fruit trees-mangoes, lanzons, guyabanos, baluno, nangka, etc. I have
rabbits, dogs, cats, etc. I get up early-at 5:00. I visit my fields, I feed the chickens. I wake up
my folks, and start them moving, at 7:30 we take breakfast-tea, pastry, cheese, sweets, etc.
afterwards I treat my poor patients who come to my land. I dress and go to the town in my
baroto, I treat the people there and I return at 12:00 and take lunch. Afterwards, I teach the
boys until 4:00 and I spend the afternoon farming. I spend the evening reading and studying.
Relative to Rizal’s project to improve and beautify Dapitan, he made a big
relief map of Mindanao in the plaza and used it to teach geography. With this map,
which still exists today, he discussed to the town people the position of Dapitan in
relation to other places of Mindanao. Assisted by his pupils, Rizal also constructed a
water system to supply the town with water for drinking and irrigation. He also
helped the people on putting up lampposts at every corner of the town.
Having heard of Rizal’s fame as an ophthalmologist, George Taufer who was
suffering from an eye ailment traveled from Hong Kong to Dapitan. He was
accompanied by his adopted daughter, Josephine Bracken, who eventually fell in love
with Rizal. They lived as husband and wife in Rizal’s octagonal house after being
denied the sacrament of marriage by Father Obach, the parish priest of Dapitan, due
to Rizal’s refusal to retract his statements against the Church and to accept other
conditions.
On the eve of June 21, 1896, Dr. Pio Valenzuela visited Rizal in Dapitan and
informed him about the founding to katipunan and the planned revolution. Rizal
objected to it, citing the importance of a well-planned movement with sufficient arms.

C. M. D. Hamo-ay
3
Activity/Self-check:
A. Answer question briefly and concisely, evaluation based
on the rubrics foundon the last page of this module. (10 points)
Q. Compare Rizal’s experiences as student in the different schools, Ateneo, UST,
and in Madrid.
A. ______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Q. How the propaganda movement affects the revolution?
A. _______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Q. If you were a member of propagandist, what will you do to contribute the
Meanwhile, Rizal had been sending letters to then Governor-General Ramon Blanco.
Twice he sent letters, one in 1894 and another in 1895. He asked for a review of his
case. He said that If his request would not be granted, he would volunteer to serve as
a surgeon under the Spanish army fighting in the Cuban revolution.
On July 30, 1896, Rizal’s request to go to Cuba was approved. The next day, he
left for Manila on board the steamer España. And on September c3, 1896, he boarded
the steamer Isla de Panay which would bring him to Barcelona. Upon arriving at the
fort, however, Governor-General Despujol told him that there was an order to ship
him back to Manila. On November 3, 1896, Rizal arrived in Manila and was
immediately brought to Fort Santiago.
2.2.3.2 Trial and Execution
The preliminary investigation of Rizal’s case began on November 20, 1896. He
was accused of being the main organizer of the revolution by having proliferated the
ideas of rebellion and of founding illegal organizations. Rizal pleaded not guilty and
even wrote a manifesto appealing to the revolutionaries to discontinue the uprising
Rizal’s lawyer, Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade, tried his best to save Rizal. However, on
December 26, 1896, the trial ended and the sentence was read. Jose Rizal was found
guilty and sentenced to death by firing squad.
On December 28, 1896, Governor-General Camilo dePolaveijasignedthe court
decision. He later decreed that Rizal be executed by firing squad at 7:00 a.m, of
December 30. Rizal,on his last remaining days,composed his longest poem Mi Ultimo
Adios, which was about his farewell to the Filipino people. When his mother and
sisters visited him on December 29, 1896, Rizal gave away his remaining possessions.
He handed his gas lamp to his sister Trinidad and murmured softly in English, “there
is something inside.” Eventually, Trining and her sister Maria would extract from the
lamp the copy of Rizal’s last poem.
At 6:30 in the morning of December 30, 1896, Rizal, in black suit with his arm
tied behind his back, walked to Bagumbayan. The orders were given and shots were
fired. Consummatum est! (“It is finished!”) Rizal died offering his life for his country
and its freedom.

C. M. D. Hamo-ay
4
Direction: Enumerate at least 10 Rizal’s poem or articles
and identify identify its type of topic and purpose.
Title of Poem or
Article
Type of Topic Purpose

C. M. D. Hamo-ay
5
RUBRICS OF ESSAY
Criteria Description Points
Points
Earned
Content
40%
The presence of ideas developed through
facts, examples, details, opinions, reasons and
explanations.
10
Organization
20%
The order developed and sustained within
and within and across paragraphs using trans
formal devices including introduction and
conclusion.
5
Style
20%
Thechoice,useandarrangementofwordsand
sentences. 5
Convention
20%
Grammar, mechanics, spelling, usage
and sentence formation. 5
Total Points
2.3 References
1. Gregorio, Zaide F. (2012). Jose Rizal Life, Works, and Writings of a Genius, Writer,
Scientist, and National Hero. Quezon City: All Nations Publishing Co., Inc.,
2. Obidos, Rhodalyn W. (2018). The Life and Works of Jose Rizal. Quezon City: C & E
3. Pasigui, Ronnie E. (2014). Jose Rizal The Man and the Hero Chronicles, Legacies and
Controversies. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.
4. Purino, Anacorita P. (2014). Rizal The Greatest Filipino Hero. Manila: Rex Book
Store.
5. Jose Rizal Childhood. (2021, February 21). Retrieved from google:
https://www.joserizal.com/childhood-jose-rizal/

C. M. D. Hamo-ay
6
6. Jose Rizal Propaganda Movement. (2021, February 21). Retrieved from google:
https://www.google.com/search?q=jose+rizal+article/
2.4 Acknowledgement
The images, tables, figures and information contained in this unit were
taken from the references cited above.
1
DISCLAIMER:
This module is not for commercial, and this is only for educational purposes.
Some technical terminologies and phrases were not changed, but the author of this
module ensures that all in-text citations are in the reference section. Even photos or
figures are with in-text citations as respect to the intellectual property of the original
owners.

Life and work of Rizal

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