Jose Rizal was a Filipino nationalist and writer who was born in 1861 in Calamba, Laguna. He studied at Ateneo Municipal and the University of Santo Tomas, then traveled to Europe for further studies, where he published his first novel Noli Me Tangere in 1887. This criticized the abuses of the Spanish colonial government and Catholic clergy. He was later exiled to Dapitan from 1892 until 1896, when he was executed by firing squad at age 35 for his writings and involvement in the Philippine revolution. Rizal promoted reforms through peaceful means and is considered a national hero in the Philippines today.

1. The Life of Jose Rizal
Prof. PennT. Larena, CPS,MPA, KR

2. Jose Mercado Rizal
▪ José Protacio Rizal Mercado yAlonzo
Realonda Known as Dr. Jose P. Rizal.
▪ He was born on June 19, 1861, on the night
of aWednesday at the town of Calamba,
Laguna
▪ Baptized in the Catholic church of his town
on June 22, 1861 by Fr. Rufino Collantes ; his
Godfather was Fr. Pedro Casanas.

3. ▪ FRANCISCO MERCADO (1818-1898)
Father of Jose Rizal who was the youngest
of 13 offsprings of Juan and Cirila Mercado.
Born in Biñan, Laguna on April 18, 1818;
studied in San Jose College, Manila; and
died in Manila.
▪ TEODORA ALONSO (1827-1913)
Mother of Jose Rizal who was the second
child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brijida de
Quintos. She studied at the Colegio de
Santa Rosa. She was a business-minded
woman, courteous, religious, hard-working
and well-read. She was born in Santa Cruz,
Manila on November 14, 1827 and died in
1913 in Manila.

4. Rizal’s Siblings
▪ Rizal was the 7th among the eleven children of Francisco Mercado and
Teodora Alonso.
▪ SATURNINA RIZAL (1850-1913)
Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage. Married ManuelTimoteo Hidalgo
ofTanauan, Batangas.
▪ PACIANO RIZAL (1851-1930)
Only brother of Jose Rizal and the second child. Studied at San Jose College
in Manila; became a farmer and later a general of the Philippine Revolution.
▪ NARCISA RIZAL (1852-1939)
The third child. married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal; a teacher and
musician.

5. Rizal’s Siblings
▪ OLYMPIA RIZAL (1855-1887)
The fourth child. Married Silvestre Ubaldo; died in 1887 from childbirth.
▪ LUCIA RIZAL (1857-1919)
The fifth child. Married Matriano Herbosa.
▪ MARIA RIZAL (1859-1945)
The sixth child. Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.
CONCEPCION RIZAL (1862-1865)
The eight child. Died at the age of three.
▪ JOSEFA RIZAL (1865-1945)
The ninth child. An epileptic, died a spinster.
▪ TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-1951)
The tenth child. Died a spinster and the last of the family to die.
▪
SOLEDAD RIZAL (1870-1929)
The youngest child married Pantaleon Quintero.

6. Rizal’s Family Tree

7. RIZAL’S ANCESTRY
▪ Domingo Laméo – a Chinese immigrant from the Fukien city of Changchow. He
is Rizal’s great-great-grandfather. He arrived in Manila about 1690. He married
a well-to-do Chinese Christian girl of Manila named Ines de la Rosa, then
assumed Mercado as his surname in 1731.
▪ Francisco Mercado – son of Domingo and Ines, great-grandfather of Rizal. He
married a Chinese-Filipino mestiza, Cirila Bernacha, and was elected
Governadorcillo of Biñan.

8. Alonso Family History
▪ Lakandula – the last native king ofTondo. He is a believed ancestor
of DoñaTeodora’s family.
▪ Eugenio Ursua – Rizal’s great-great-grandfather from his mother’s
side.He was of Japanese ancestry. He married a Filipina named
Benigna.
▪ Regina – the daughter of Eugenio and Benigna married Manuel de
Quintos,a Filipino-Chinese lawyer from Pangasinan. One of their
daughters marriedLorenzo Alberto Alonso, a prominent Spanish-
Filipino mestizo of Biñan; theirchildren were: Narcisa,Teodora(Rizal’s
mother), Gregorio, Manual and Jose.

9. Rizal’s Childhood and Early Education
▪ Rizal has a good memories of his childhood in Calamba and it
was full of love and care shown to him by his parents and
siblings.
▪ As a young boy, Rizal demonstrated intelligence and learned
easily. His first teacher was DonaTeodora who taught him how
to pray.
▪ He was only 3 years of age when he learned the alphabet. And
showed interest in reading books. Later DonaTeodora notice
Rizal’s skills in poetry.

10. Rizal’s Private Tutors
▪ Maestro Celistino
▪ Maestro Lucas padua
▪ Leon Monroy, Rizal’s 3rd tutor was the one who honed his skills in
basic Latin, reading, and writing.
▪ This home education from his tutors prepared him to formal
schooling in Binan.

11. Early Education
▪ At the age of nine, Rizal left Calamba
with his brother to study in Binan.
They stayed for more than a year with
their aunt.
▪ In Binan Rizal excel in Latin and
Spanish, also Rizal had painting
lesson under Maestro Cruz father in
law, Juancho an old painter.

12. Rizal in Manila
▪ Rizal was sent by his father in Ateneo
Municipal which now known as Escuela
Pia, for a 6 year program where he took
Bachelor ofArt.
▪ He took entrance exam on June 10, 1872
four months after the execution of
Gomburza.
▪ Rizal studied at Ateneo from 1872-1877.
▪ Rizal graduated in Ateneo March 14, 1877
with a degree of Bachiller en Artes, with
the highest honors.

13. Rizal in Manila
▪ After graduated in Ateneo, Rizal was sent by Don
Francisco to the University of SantoTomas.
▪ During his freshman years in UST Rizal took
Philosophy and Letters. In his second year Rizal
shifted his course to Medicine because of the
condition of her mother about her failing eyesight.
▪ In 1882, Rizal and Paciano made a secret pact. Rizal
go to Europe top pursue his study in Medicine and
prepare himself for the great task of liberating the
country from Spanish tyranny.

14. Rizal in Europe
▪ May 3, 1882, Rizal left the Philippines
for Spain.Where he is excited to learn
new things.
▪ He reached Barcelona on June 16,
1882, he arrived during summer
vacation where he was able to meet his
former classmates in Ateneo.
▪ After summer vacation Rizal moved to
Madrid where he enrolled in Medicine
and Philosophy and Letters at the
Universidad Central de Madrid on
November 3, 1882.
▪ Rizal was awarded with the degree and
title of Licentiate in Medicine for
passing the medical examinations in
June 1884.

15. Rizal in Europe
▪ In between his studies Rizal
made time for meeting fellow
Filipinos in Madrid. Known as
illustrados
▪ In one of the Filipino reunions at
the house of Pedro Paterno in
Madrid on January 2, 1884, Rizal
proposed the writing of the
novel bout Philippine society.
Which is the Noli meTangere.

16. Cultural Mapping
Activity

17. Rizal’s 2nd trip to Europe
▪ In his 2nd trip, Rizal became more active in the Propaganda
Movement with fellow illustrados like Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Graciano
Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce andTrinidad Pardo de
Tavera.The Propaganda Movement campaigned reforms such as
1. For the Philippines to be made a province of Spain so that native
Filipinos would have equal rights accorded to Spaniards
2. Representation of the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes
3. Secularization of Parishes.

18. Exile in Dapitan
▪ Rizal arrived in Dapitan on board
the steamer Cebu on July 17, 1892.
▪ The quiet place in Dapitan became
Rizal’s home from 1892 to 1896.
▪ On December 28, 1896, Governor-
General Camilo de Polavieja signed
the court decision.
▪ Rizal was executed by firing squad
at 7:00 am at December 30.

19. Rizal’s Letter to the Young Women of Malolos