This document discusses public libraries as places that contribute to social capital. It outlines research on libraries as meeting places and third places based on prior studies. The document then presents research questions about how library users in Taiwan utilize public libraries, the perceived outcomes of libraries, whether libraries serve as meeting/third places, and the types of social capital libraries contribute to. The methodology discusses plans to distribute a questionnaire to library users in Taiwan to collect data on demographics, library space use, perceived outcomes, and social capital. Preliminary results on respondent demographics are also presented.
Migration and (re)Settlement: Lessons learnt from the literature - iConferenc...RachelSalzano
A presentation on lessons learnt from the literature review of my PhD project: the effect of culture on public library use in newcomer populations. This presentation was given at the virtual interactive session "Migration and (re)Settlement" at iConference 2021.
Using a multi-location, longitudinal focus group method to conduct qualitativ...Hazel Hall
Paper presented at 13th Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries International Conference (QQML2021) (virtual conference), 25-28 May 2021. Full text available at https://www.napier.ac.uk/~/media/worktribe/output-2755729/using-a-multi-location-longitudinal-focus-group-method-to-conduct-qualitative-research.pdf
Presentation from Ontario Library Association Superconference 2010
Session # 606 - Thurs., Feb 25.
Description:
This session will familiarize participants with the literature on the academic library’s role in student retention. Suggestions for future directions in library service will be offered based on how the library “fits” into different models of student integration. Current initiatives to combat attrition will be discussed, and ideas for gathering evidence to assess your library’s impact or prove your role in this campus-wide issue will be offered. Areas requiring further research will also be highlighted. Come learn more how your library can support student retention in a competitive post-secondary environment!
Calhoun future of metadata japanese librarians4Karen S Calhoun
Reports on the future of metadata in academic libraries and national research information infrastructures. A shorter version of this presentation was given at a September 8 post-conference of the OCLC Asia Pacific Regional Conference, Sept. 6-6, 2010, at Waseda University.
Library Student Workers and their Acacemic and Social IntegrationWil Weston
UNDERSTANDING THE INTEGRATIVE ROLE OF AN ACADEMIC LIBRARY FOR UNDERGRADUATE LIBRARY STUDENT WORKERS. This study explored how undergraduate library student workers at an urban, 4-year public institution perceived their work experiences in an academic library as contributing to their social and academic integration in college. Tinto’s (1993) model on student departure formed the basis for this study where academic and social integration work together to influence institutional commitments ultimately leading to the decision to remain or leave the college. Undergraduate library student workers from various library departments were interviewed and it is from these interviews that a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of an academic library’s effect on undergraduate library student workers was gained. The study revealed that the undergraduate library student workers perceived experiencing many socially integrative and academically integrative experiences which they would not have had were they not employed in an academic library. After the data are discussed, the theoretical implications, policy implications, and suggestions for further research are offered.
Research in context. OCLC Research and environmental trends. Lorcan Dempseylisld
Delivered at the OCLC Symposium at the Americas Regional Councils meeting at ALA, January 2015.
Reviews several major research themes - shared space and shared print, digital information behaviors, and the evolution of the scholarly record - in terms of general environmental trends. Highlights work done by OCLC Research.
This is the first part of a two part presentation. The second part was given by my colleague Chrystie Hill.
Migration and (re)Settlement: Lessons learnt from the literature - iConferenc...RachelSalzano
A presentation on lessons learnt from the literature review of my PhD project: the effect of culture on public library use in newcomer populations. This presentation was given at the virtual interactive session "Migration and (re)Settlement" at iConference 2021.
Using a multi-location, longitudinal focus group method to conduct qualitativ...Hazel Hall
Paper presented at 13th Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries International Conference (QQML2021) (virtual conference), 25-28 May 2021. Full text available at https://www.napier.ac.uk/~/media/worktribe/output-2755729/using-a-multi-location-longitudinal-focus-group-method-to-conduct-qualitative-research.pdf
Presentation from Ontario Library Association Superconference 2010
Session # 606 - Thurs., Feb 25.
Description:
This session will familiarize participants with the literature on the academic library’s role in student retention. Suggestions for future directions in library service will be offered based on how the library “fits” into different models of student integration. Current initiatives to combat attrition will be discussed, and ideas for gathering evidence to assess your library’s impact or prove your role in this campus-wide issue will be offered. Areas requiring further research will also be highlighted. Come learn more how your library can support student retention in a competitive post-secondary environment!
Calhoun future of metadata japanese librarians4Karen S Calhoun
Reports on the future of metadata in academic libraries and national research information infrastructures. A shorter version of this presentation was given at a September 8 post-conference of the OCLC Asia Pacific Regional Conference, Sept. 6-6, 2010, at Waseda University.
Library Student Workers and their Acacemic and Social IntegrationWil Weston
UNDERSTANDING THE INTEGRATIVE ROLE OF AN ACADEMIC LIBRARY FOR UNDERGRADUATE LIBRARY STUDENT WORKERS. This study explored how undergraduate library student workers at an urban, 4-year public institution perceived their work experiences in an academic library as contributing to their social and academic integration in college. Tinto’s (1993) model on student departure formed the basis for this study where academic and social integration work together to influence institutional commitments ultimately leading to the decision to remain or leave the college. Undergraduate library student workers from various library departments were interviewed and it is from these interviews that a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of an academic library’s effect on undergraduate library student workers was gained. The study revealed that the undergraduate library student workers perceived experiencing many socially integrative and academically integrative experiences which they would not have had were they not employed in an academic library. After the data are discussed, the theoretical implications, policy implications, and suggestions for further research are offered.
Research in context. OCLC Research and environmental trends. Lorcan Dempseylisld
Delivered at the OCLC Symposium at the Americas Regional Councils meeting at ALA, January 2015.
Reviews several major research themes - shared space and shared print, digital information behaviors, and the evolution of the scholarly record - in terms of general environmental trends. Highlights work done by OCLC Research.
This is the first part of a two part presentation. The second part was given by my colleague Chrystie Hill.
Library as Place, Place as Library: Duality and the Power of CooperationKaren S Calhoun
This talk, delivered at the February 2010 OCLC Regional Council Seminar in Auckland NZ, explores the turbulent conditions in which libraries are evolving as both places and virtual spaces on the Web. How are these conditions driving change in library collections, catalogues, and cooperative systems? What are OCLC's strategies for helping today's libraries gain visibility and impact through cooperation and data sharing? If we were building a system for library cooperation today, what would it look like?
資源探索服務之功能評估指標
Exploring Functionality Indicators for Web-Scale Discovery Service
摘要
自2009年左右,資源探索服務一詞面世以來,受到圖書館界的熱烈討論,不少資源探索服務因運而生。資源探索服務乃是由聯合索引和資源探索層所構成,藉由兩者的搭配提供使用者單一的檢索介面,同時檢索圖書館自有、訂購和公開取用的多樣化資源,並提供相關排序、層面瀏覽、個人化與社群服務等功能。本文的主旨在於闡述資源探索服務的特性,並歸納整理資源探索服務的功能指標,供圖書館界選擇資源探索服務時參考。
ORCID Implementation in National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU)皓仁 柯
This presentation details the steps that National Taiwan Normal University Library has taken to implement ORCID -- an global, permanent identifier for researchers
摘要
自2009年左右,資源探索服務一詞面世以來,受到圖書館界的熱烈討論,不少資源探索服務因運而生。資源探索服務乃是由聯合索引和資源探索層所構成,藉由兩者的搭配提供使用者單一的檢索介面,同時檢索圖書館自有、訂購和公開取用的多樣化資源,並提供相關排序、層面瀏覽、個人化與社群服務等功能。本文的主旨在於闡述資源探索服務的特性,並歸納整理資源探索服務的功能指標,供圖書館界選擇資源探索服務時參考。
關鍵字:資源探索服務;聯合索引;資源探索層
ABSTRACT
A Web-scale discovery service (discovery service, for short) is a new service that may realize the discovery and delivery of high-quality information in the library. A discovery service is composed of a unified index and a discovery layer. The unified index pre-harvests and pre-indexes a variety of information resources, including the MARC records created by the library, the metadata of the institutional repository or digital content management system of the library, the metadata and full-text (for indexing) of the databases and electronic journals subscribed by the library, and the metadata and full-text (for indexing) of open-access systems. A user can then search the contents in the unified index through the discovery layer. The discovery layer incorporates functionality such as relevance ranking, facet navigation, personalized service and social networking service. This article aims at explicating the features of a discovery service, and draw the functionality indicators that may be adopted and(or) amended by any library which wants to purchase a discovery service.
Library as Place, Place as Library: Duality and the Power of CooperationKaren S Calhoun
This talk, delivered at the February 2010 OCLC Regional Council Seminar in Auckland NZ, explores the turbulent conditions in which libraries are evolving as both places and virtual spaces on the Web. How are these conditions driving change in library collections, catalogues, and cooperative systems? What are OCLC's strategies for helping today's libraries gain visibility and impact through cooperation and data sharing? If we were building a system for library cooperation today, what would it look like?
資源探索服務之功能評估指標
Exploring Functionality Indicators for Web-Scale Discovery Service
摘要
自2009年左右,資源探索服務一詞面世以來,受到圖書館界的熱烈討論,不少資源探索服務因運而生。資源探索服務乃是由聯合索引和資源探索層所構成,藉由兩者的搭配提供使用者單一的檢索介面,同時檢索圖書館自有、訂購和公開取用的多樣化資源,並提供相關排序、層面瀏覽、個人化與社群服務等功能。本文的主旨在於闡述資源探索服務的特性,並歸納整理資源探索服務的功能指標,供圖書館界選擇資源探索服務時參考。
ORCID Implementation in National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU)皓仁 柯
This presentation details the steps that National Taiwan Normal University Library has taken to implement ORCID -- an global, permanent identifier for researchers
摘要
自2009年左右,資源探索服務一詞面世以來,受到圖書館界的熱烈討論,不少資源探索服務因運而生。資源探索服務乃是由聯合索引和資源探索層所構成,藉由兩者的搭配提供使用者單一的檢索介面,同時檢索圖書館自有、訂購和公開取用的多樣化資源,並提供相關排序、層面瀏覽、個人化與社群服務等功能。本文的主旨在於闡述資源探索服務的特性,並歸納整理資源探索服務的功能指標,供圖書館界選擇資源探索服務時參考。
關鍵字:資源探索服務;聯合索引;資源探索層
ABSTRACT
A Web-scale discovery service (discovery service, for short) is a new service that may realize the discovery and delivery of high-quality information in the library. A discovery service is composed of a unified index and a discovery layer. The unified index pre-harvests and pre-indexes a variety of information resources, including the MARC records created by the library, the metadata of the institutional repository or digital content management system of the library, the metadata and full-text (for indexing) of the databases and electronic journals subscribed by the library, and the metadata and full-text (for indexing) of open-access systems. A user can then search the contents in the unified index through the discovery layer. The discovery layer incorporates functionality such as relevance ranking, facet navigation, personalized service and social networking service. This article aims at explicating the features of a discovery service, and draw the functionality indicators that may be adopted and(or) amended by any library which wants to purchase a discovery service.
Student Persistence: How the library makes a difference.Wil Weston
Presented and the 2016 California Academic & Research Libraries Association (CARL) Conference. http://conf2016.carl-acrl.org/ March 31-April 2, 2016. Costa Mesa, CA.
Slides to accompany Dr Paul Lynch's workshop session "An introduction to ethnography" presented at DREaM Event 2.
For more information about this event, please visit http://lisresearch.org/dream-project/dream-event-2-workshop-tuesday-25-october-2011/
This overview of information literacy (IL) and information literacy instruction (ILI) focuses on the terminology used in advocating for and discussion of IL practices in public libraries. Although the focus of the proposal is on public libraries, the practices reviewed also look to academic and school libraries for understanding of how IL and ILI are currently perceived and delivered. This study also considers the unique situation of public libraries in regards to the terminology that has been appropriated by academic institutions, as well as the role of public librarians themselves in providing ILI.
Presents the structure and strategy for a research project focused on information literacy instruction in public libraries. Important topics include data collection methods and tools, data analysis procedures, and the scope and significance of the proposed research.
Relating Research and Practice in Information LiteracySheila Webber
Panel by Sheila Webber (University of Sheffield), Ola Pilerot (University of Borås), Louise Limberg (University of Borås), Bill Johnston (Strathclyde University) presented at the European Conference on Information Literacy, Dubrovnik, October 2014.
Using a longitudinal focus group methodology to measure the value and impact ...Leo Appleton
Methodological paper delivered as part of the student forum at the 12th International Conference on Performance Measurement in Libraries, Oxford, UK, 31st July - 2nd August 2017
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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Library as a third place and her contribution to social capital
1. Library as Place and her
Contribution to Social Capital
Hao-Ren Ke, Tzu-Tsen Chen, Wei-Ning Cheng
Graduate Institute of Library and Information Studies,
National Taiwan Normal University
1
2. Outline
Introduction
Public Library as Meeting Place and Third
Place
Public Library and Social Capital
Research Questions
Research Methodology
Conclusion
2
4. Background
Confronting the intense competitiveness and
challenges in 21st century, public libraries have
to offer distinguished product and service
quality to their patrons
From “user in the life of library” to “library in the
life of the user” (Wiegand, 2003)
Public libraries have to… (Bertot & McClure, 2003)
Articulate the importance and the need for their
services and the resources
Provide evidence for the use of their services and
resources
Establish both the value and impacts (outcome) of
their services and resources on the community 4
5. Outcome and Outcome
Evaluation
From input and output evaluation to outcome
evaluation
Outcomes include the notion of impact,
benefit, difference, or change in a user, group,
or institution based on the use of or
involvement with a library service or resource
(Bertot & McClure, 2003)
Performance evaluation is a mechanism of
objective and quantitative data collection with
analysis of library statistics and other relevant
data for expressing the effectiveness and
efficiency of libraries
5
6. From Input Evaluation to
Outcome Evaluation
6
Input
Resources
Processes
Preparing
products &
services
Output
Use of
products &
services
Outcome
Effect on
users
Budget, Staff,
Collection,
Space…
Loan, Visit,
Download,
Activity
Change in Skill,
Behavior,
Knowledge
Roswitha Poll, Peter te Boekhorst,
Measuring Quality – Performance Measurement in Libraries,
2nd revised edition, K. G. Saur Munchen 2007 (IFLA
Publications 127)
7. Public Library Outcomes for
Their Patrons
Public library outcomes might contain
dimensions such as knowledge, information
literacy, democracy participation, lifelong
learning
Finding relevant materials, solving specific
problems, saving labor time, learning search skill
after single or several visits to the library
Improvement of patrons’ information literacy,
academic success, the change of their motivation,
and the attitude and behavior toward things
Huysmans & Oomes (2012); Bertot & McClure (2003) 7
8. How to Evaluate PL Outcomes?
Specified outcomes from particular programs
Focuses on the specified outcomes produced by
particular library programs
e.g. the development of a special collection, and
BookStart reading programs
General outcomes as a result of library use
Broadly explores the impact on users’ daily life
after their use of library
We will focus on the assessment of the
second type of outcome measurement.
Vakkari & Serola (2012) 8
9. Case Studies of Library
Outcome
9
Becker, S. Crandall, M. D., Fisher, K. E., Kinney, B., Landry, C. &Rocha, A. (2010). Opportunity for all. How the American public benefits
from Internet Access at U. S. Libraries (IMLS-2010-RES-01). Institute of Museum and Library Services.Washington, D. C. Available at:
http://www.imls.gov/assets/1/AssetManager/OpportunityForAll.pdf.
Library Council of New South Wales (2008). Enriching communities: The value of libraries in New South Wales. Sydney: Library Council of
New South Wales. Available at: http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/services/public_libraries/publications/docs/enriching_communities.pdf.
State Library of Victoria (2005). Libraries building communities. Available at:
http://www2.slv.vic.gov.au/about/information/publications/policies_reports/plu_lbc.html.
10. Case Studies of Library
Outcome (Cont.)
10
Elbert, M., Fuegi, D. &Lipeikaite, U. (2012). Perceptions of public libraries in Africa. Ariadne. Available at:
http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue68/elbert-et-al.
Fitch, L. & Warner, J. (1998). Dividends: the value of public libraries in Canada. The Bottom Line: Managing Library Finances, 11(3), 158-
179.
Aabø, S., Audunson, R. &Vårheim, A. (2010). How do public libraries function as meeting places? Library & Information Science Research
32(1), 16-26.
Vakkari, P. & Serola, S. (2012). Perceived outcomes of public libraries. Library & Information Science Research, 34(1), 37-44.
11. Vakkari & Serola (2012)
Education
Work and
Business
Everyday
Activities
Leisure
Time
1
2
3
Vakkari, P., & Serola, S. (2012). Perceived outcomes of public libraries. Library and Information Science Research, 34(2012), 37-44.
11
13. Library as Meeting Place
Six categories(Audunson, R., Varheim, A., Aboø, S., & Holm, E. D., 2007):
The library as a public space and a low threshold social
meeting place
A meeting place between meeting places (meta-meeting
place)
A public sphere in its own right where political and cultural
ideas are presented and discussed
An arena where you can acquire the information and
knowledge you need to be an active, involved and
participating citizen.
An arena where you live out professional or private
involvements together with colleagues and friends.
An arena for virtual meetings on the Web.
The third place (informal public place)
(Oldenburg,1982, 1999) 13
14. Library as Meeting Place
Can you remember if you as a library user over
the last couple of years have…
2006
All
Audunson (2012)
2006
Active
2011
Active
1. Noticed things about people with different
background than mine
39% 57% 53%
2. Accidentally met neighbors and friends 32% 49% 58%
3. Conversations with strangers 28% 44% 48%
4. Learned about activities in the community 25% 34% 50%
5. Visited the library with colleagues/friends to
work on a joint task or leisure activity
21% 20% 21%
6. Used the library’s computers for social
purposes
17% 21% 14%
7. Used the library to inform myself about
issues in the community
16% 26% 23%
8. Participated at organized meetings 14% 18% 20%
9. Met with friends or family in/by the library to
do something else
10% 16% 15%
14
15. Third Place
Proposed by Oldenburg (1982, 1999)
The great good place: Cafes, coffee shops,
bookstores, bars, hair salons, and other hangouts
at the heart of a community
First place: home
Second place: workplace
“Informal public gathering places” outside
home and workplaces where people gather
frequently, willingly, and informally
15
16. Third Place (Cont.)
Definitions (“the core settings of informal
public life”):
“The third place is a generic designation for a great
variety of public places that host the regular,
voluntary, informal and happily anticipated
gatherings of individuals beyond the realms of
home and work.” (Oldenburg, 1999)
16
17. Characters of Third Places
On neutral ground
The third place is a leveler
Conversation is the main activity
Accessibility and accommodation
The regulars
A low profile
The mood is playful
A home away from home
17
18. Library as a Third Place
Library as a Third Place
Fisher, et al.
(2007)
Aabø & Audunson
(2012)
On neutral ground ✔ ✔
The third place is a leveler ✔ ✔
Conversation is the main activity
Accessibility and accommodation ✔
The regulars
A low profile ✔
The mood is playful ✔
A home away from home ✔ ✔
18
20. Social Capital
Features of social life – networks, norms,
and trusts, that empower participants to
engage together more effectively to pursue
shared objectives (Putnam, 1995)
Bonding social capital
Bridging social capital
Institutional social capital
20
21. Bonding Social Capital
Dense network of social interaction
Study norms of generalized reciprocity and
encourage the emergence of social trust
Meeting and interacting with other community
members in the library, participating in events
at the library, consider the library as a safe
place to spend time
21
(Putnam, 1995; Johnson, 2010)
22. Bridging Social Capital
Consider social capital as a resource to which
individuals have access through their social
relationships
Resources embedded in a social structure
which are accessed and/or mobilized in
purposive actions
Weak ties that allow one to link into other
networks to get important, new information
or resources that are often not available from
one’s close ties
For high and low social capital persons…
(Putnam, 1995; Johnson, 2010) 22
23. Institutional Social Capital
Cooperate with different organizations or
groups, build network relationship, and then
obtain information and resources from
through the network
23
(Halpern, 2008; Svenden, 2013)
25. Research Questions
How do library users use public libraries?
What are the perceived outcomes of public
libraries in Taiwan?
Are public libraries meeting places or third
places for people in Taiwan?
What types of social capital do public libraries
contribute to accumulate?
25
27. Questionnaire
Public Libraries in Taiwan
Questionnaire Items
Demographic information
Use of library space
Perceived outcome of public libraries (Vakkari & Serola, 2012)
Public libraries and social capital
Responses: 733 (we are collecting more
responses)
27
29. Demographic Information
Gender
Gender (above 7-year-old) Sample Distribution in TW (2013)
Age
Male 43.38% 49.86%
Female 54.71% 50.14%
Age Samples Samples collapsed Population in TW (2013)
7 -12 5.18%
29
14.73% 14.32% (0-15)
13-15 9.55%
16-18 8.46%
19-30 20.19%
79.00% 74.15% (15-65)
31-54 36.43%
55-64 13.92%
Above 65 6.00% 6.00% 11.53% (above 65)
30. Demographic Information (Cont.)
Occupation (top 10):
30
Occupation Sample Percentage
1. Students 27.56%
2. Housekeeping 14.32%
3. Retired 9.69%
4. Unemployed / Job Seeker 7.37%
5. Manufacturing industry 6.68%
6. Service industry 6.41%
7. Civil servant 5.73%
8. Professional (e.g., doctor, lawyer) 5.32%
9. Teacher 3.82%
10. Others 3.14%
31. Demographic Information (Cont.)
Education
Educational Level Sample Distriution in TW
31
Ph.D 0.95% 0.37%
Master 7.91% 4.27%
University 40.52% 18.43%
High school 30.97% 40.90%
Middle school 13.37% 20.72%
Primary school 5.87% 1.68%
32. Use of Library Space
Areas Sample Percentage
1. Book-stack area 564 76.94%
2. Self-study room 316 43.11%
3. Restroom 304 41.47%
4. Journal, newspaper, magazine area 292 39.84%
5. New book display 170 23.19%
6. Network information center 122 16.64%
7. Children reading area 114 15.55%
8. Exhibition space 84 11.46%
9. Teen reading room 80 10.91%
10. Audio-visual area 38 5.18%
11. Elderly-patron reading room 31 4.23%
12. Bookstart area 27 3.68%
13. Multipurpose instruction room 24 3.27%
14. Meeting room 9 1.23%
15. Breastfeeding room 6 0.82%
16. Others 7 0.95%
17. Uncompleted 8 1.09%
32
33. Purposes of Visiting Public
Libraries
Purpose Sample Percentage
1. Borrowing books 446 60.85%
2. Studying 258 35.20%
3. Reading newspapers or magazines 229 31.24%
4. Finding materials 239 32.61%
5. Reading books / videos 222 30.29%
6. Relaxing 143 19.51%
7. Browsing collections 125 17.05%
8. Using a computer 120 16.37%
9. Using the Internet 83 11.32%
10. Discussing things or homework with friends 76 10.37%
11. Meeting friends 73 9.96%
12. Attending activities 56 7.64%
13. Volunteering 52 7.09%
14. Reading bulletin board 46 6.28%
15. Taking a break/Sleeping 44 6.00%
16. Staying with other people 32 4.37%
17. Making new friends 26 3.55%
18. Photocopying 22 3.00%
33
39. Public Library as a Meeting
Place
Can you remember if you as a library user
over the last couple of years have…
2006
All
Audunson (2012)
2011
Active
2014
All(Taiwan)
1. Noticed things about people with different
background than mine
39% 53% 84.31%
2. Accidentally met neighbors and friends 32% 58% 80.63%
3. Conversations with strangers 28% 48% 66.64%
4. Learned about activities in the community 25% 50% --
5. Visited the library with colleagues/friends to
work on a joint task or leisure activity
21% 21% 10.37%
6. Used the library’s computers for social
purposes
17% 14% 11.32%
7. Used the library to inform myself about
issues in the community
16% 23% 27%
8. Participated at organized meetings 14% 20% 7.64%
9. Met with friends or family in/by the library to
do something else
10% 15% 67.4%
39
40. Public Library as a Meeting
Place (Cont.)
A square
4.37% visiting public library for staying with other
people
52.66% strongly agree public library is for
everyone regardless of gender, age, and social
status with 32.47% agree
A place for meeting diverse people
3.55% visiting public library for making new friends
59.75% made new friends in public library
40
41. Public Library as a Meeting
Place (Cont.)
A public sphere
49.11% strongly agree public library is an
important public sphere in community; 36.97%
agree
47.07% strongly agree and 35.74% agree that
public library is a place that could tolerate all kinds
of ideas
A place for joint activities with friends and
colleagues
9.96% visiting public library for meeting friends
10.37% for discussion with friends/colleagues
41
42. Public Library as a Meeting
Places (Cont.)
A meta-meeting place
7.09% visiting public library for volunteering
39.43% strongly agree library is an information
center in community
A place for virtual meetings
11.32% visiting library for using the Internet
42
43. Public Library as a Third Place
43
Core settings of Third Place Taiwan Questionnaire Analysis
1. On neutral ground ✔ • 49.11% respondents strongly
agree that public library is an
important public space in
community, followed by 36.97%
agree
• 39.37% agree that public library
is a safe place, and with
38.42% agree strongly
2. The third place is a leveler ✔ • 52.66% strongly agree public
library is for everyone
regardless of gender, age, and
social status with 32.47% agree
44. Public Library as a Third Place
(Cont.)
44
Core settings of Third Place Taiwan Questionnaire Analysis
3. Conversation is the main
activities
• 36.97% respondents disagree
users to talk or chat in public
library, and 23.19% strongly
disagree
• Similar to the opinion on talking
on phone in public library,
36.70% disagree, and 32.47%
strongly disagree
4. Accessibility and
accommodation
✔ • 53.62% said that the distance
between public library and their
home is less than 1 km
• 24.15% among 53.54% less
them 0.5 km
5. The regulars ✔ • 44.47% visit library at least
twice a week, and 26.06% visit
at least once a week
45. Public Library as a Third Place
(Cont.)
Core settings of Third Place Taiwan Questionnaire Analysis
6. A low profile --
7. The mood is playful ✔ 44.07% agree the atmosphere in
Library is playful, another 39.70 %
strongly agree
45
8. A home away from home ✔ Often respondents are frequent
library users:
Twice a week: 44.47%
Once a week: 26.06%
Once a moth: 15.83%
48. Bonding Social Capital
9.96% of respondents said they visited public
library for meeting friends.
For frequency to meet friends at public library:
48
Always & often Sometimes Seldom
Never &
Uncompleted
15.83% 25.92% 35.65% 31.92%
Except for going alone,
users would visit library
with family and friends,
which they have strong tie
(Granovetter, 1973)with.
49. Bridging Social Capital
Purposes of visiting library
For frequency:
49
Making new friends
Discussion for task with
classmates/colleagues
Staying with other
people
Attending activities
3.55% 10.37% 4.36% 7.64%
Indicators Always & Often Sometimes Seldom
Never &
Uncnpleted
Making new friends 11.05% 18.55% 30.15% 40.25%
Accidentally meet
21.42% 35.74% 19.92% 15.68%
acquaintance
Talking to library staff 15.01% 26.33% 32.88% 21.56%
Talking to other users 11.6% 20.46% 34.38% 33.53%
See familiar faces
though you may not
28.65% 35.74% 19.92% 15.68%
know
50. Institutional Social Capital
81.58% of respondents have library cards
Public Library is a place…
a
However, only 7.09% of respondents visited
for joining volunteering and 11.32% had
participated in library clubs or organizations
50
51. Social Capital - Trust
Trust
51
Strongly Agree Agree Sum
Public library is a safe place 38.47% 39.43% 77.90%
Library staffs are reliable 37.79% 42.56% 80.35%
Library users are reliable 19.10% 31.11% 50.21%
Always & Often Sometimes Sum
Asking library staff for help 25.79% 39.97% 65.76%
Talking to library staff 15.01% 26.33% 41.34%
Talking to other users 11.60% 20.46% 32.06%
54. Conclusion
Perceived Outcome
Library Users in Taiwan benefits from public library
service in aspects related to life, especially in
education and in leisure time.
Public library as meeting places/third places
Library users take public library as meeting places
Though based on our research, public library does
not fulfill all the core setting of third place, public
library is still viewed as an important place to go in
community.
54
55. Conclusion (Cont.)
Public Library and Social Capital
There are three types of social capital among
public library and users.
Public libraries in Taiwan contribute most to
bonding social capital and to users’ individual
social capital.
55
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57