Lesson 6 neurotransmitter interuption
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Parkinson's disease is caused by low levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and GABA. Dopamine deficiency causes movement problems in Parkinson's disease patients. While dopamine treatments help symptoms temporarily, low levels of GABA may explain why effects are only short-term. Neurotransmitter deficiencies can be treated through medication replacement but this does not help natural production and may suppress it further.
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Indigenous children were forcibly removed from their families by the Australian government between 1909 and 1969. This was known as the Stolen Generations. The government sought to assimilate Indigenous children into European society by removing them from their families and culture. It was difficult for Indigenous parents to contest the removal of their children due to the unequal treatment of Indigenous people under Australian law at the time.
Lesson 3 stolen generations
The document discusses the Stolen Generations in Australia. It begins by asking who the Stolen Generations were, which were the children of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples who were removed from their families by the Australian government between 1910 and 1970. It explains that colonial authorities removed the children because they believed the children's welfare was at risk and that assimilation into European society was in the children's best interests. It poses questions about why it was difficult for indigenous parents to contest the removal of their children and the concept of assimilation.
Unit 3 outcome 2 a revision 2014
Here are the key points in response to the questions:
A. A mission statement outlines the fundamental purpose of an organisation. It describes the scope of the business, including the objectives, customers served, values and approach.
B. A management structure refers to how roles and responsibilities are divided and coordinated within an organisation. It determines how decisions are made, how information flows, and who reports to whom.
C. A matrix structure combines functional and divisional structures. Teams are formed across departments to work on specific projects. It allows for pooled expertise and flexibility. However, it can lead to role ambiguity and conflict if multiple managers provide direction.
D. The three levels of planning are:
1) Strategic planning
Source analysis preparing for assesment
This document provides information about conducting a source analysis. It explains that a source analysis involves a detailed examination of the elements and structure of a source from the past, such as a document, building, or object. A source analysis is conducted at two levels - a literal level examining what the source visually and textually contains, and an analytical level asking specific questions of the source. Several examples are provided of analyzing propaganda posters from World War II at both the literal and analytical levels to understand message, audience, context, and effectiveness.
Lesson 5 polc management roles
This document discusses the four main roles of management: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. It provides details on each role: planning involves setting objectives and strategies to achieve goals; organizing is arranging resources to fulfill objectives; leading is influencing employees to work towards goals; controlling is evaluating performance and modifying tasks to ensure objectives are met. The document also discusses the levels of planning (strategic, tactical, operational) and the stages of planning. It examines each management role in more depth, such as how managers organize human and capital resources and delegate responsibilities.
Lesson 2 types of management struture
The document describes three common types of management structures: functional, divisional, and matrix. A functional structure groups employees by tasks, while a divisional structure organizes them by divisions like geography or customers. A matrix structure forms teams of specialists from across the organization to solve problems or work on projects.
Lesson 1 different management structures
Management structures describe how organizations arrange parts to achieve objectives. A management hierarchy provides increasing authority at higher levels, while a flat structure has few management levels between staff and managers. A chain of command determines responsibility and accountability through supervision within levels of increasing authority in the organizational hierarchy.
Lesson 7 australia threatened
- Australia immediately joined Britain in declaring war on Germany after the invasion of Poland in 1939. Australia raised a Second Australian Imperial Force (AIF) of volunteer soldiers to fight alongside British forces.
- Three of the four AIF divisions were fighting in Europe by 1940-41, while the 8th Division was sent to British Malaya. Japan wanted to capture British Malaya and the Dutch East Indies for resources and because Singapore was strategically important.
- Britain's "Singapore strategy" of using the city-fortress to deter Japanese aggression would prove "bankrupt" as Japan captured Malaya and Singapore, exposing Australia's vulnerability without British protection.
Unit 3 o utcome 1 sac revision.ppt
The document provides information about large scale organisations, including their key characteristics and examples. It defines large scale organisations as those employing over 200 people and having assets over $200 million. Examples given include corporations that are owned by shareholders and aimed at making a profit. The document also discusses the internal and external environments large scale organisations operate within, and their potential positive and negative contributions to the economy.
Lesson 7 performance indicators - profitability, sales and productivity
Performance indicators such as profitability, sales, and productivity are used to evaluate organizational performance. Effectiveness refers to an organization's ability to achieve its objectives, while efficiency refers to achieving objectives at the lowest cost. Profitability measures earnings, number of sales measures products sold, and market share is the percentage of a market an organization has compared to competitors. Productivity compares output to inputs, and rate of productivity growth compares productivity year-to-year. Productivity can be improved by producing more outputs from the same inputs or reducing inputs for the same outputs.
Lesson 8
Performance indicators are methods used to evaluate business success against objectives. Non-financial indicators include customer satisfaction, workplace accidents, wastage levels, staff satisfaction, and staff turnover which can influence financial objectives. Management by objectives is a process where management and employees agree on and understand organizational objectives expressed hierarchically from mission statements to individual objectives used to measure employee performance.
Internal and external (macro and operating) environments.key
The document discusses the internal and external environments that can impact an organization. The internal environment includes factors that a company can control, while the external environment contains uncontrollable factors like the operating environment and macro environment. The operating environment refers to outside factors like customers, competitors, suppliers, and lobby groups that interact with a company. The macro environment comprises broad societal and economic conditions including social attitudes, globalization, legal issues, the economy, politics, and technology.
Lesson 4 the positive contribution that large-scale organisations make to t...
Large-scale organizations make several positive contributions to an economy according to the document. They contribute to economic growth, as they accounted for 43.9% of GDP in Australia in 2010. They are also major employers, providing jobs for 33% of the private sector workforce in Australia. Additionally, large corporations are often large exporters, which brings in payments and helps with Australia's balance of payments. They also spend heavily on research and development and help stimulate infrastructure growth. In conclusion, the export earnings of large Australian organizations contribute foreign income, create jobs, drive economic growth, and help balance Australia's payments with other countries.
Lesson 3: variations in types of large scale org.key
This document discusses types of large scale organizations. It identifies characteristics of a large scale organization as having 200 or more employees, revenue and total assets in the millions, and profit after tax in the millions. It notes that most large companies operate in multiple countries. Large scale organizations can be companies, government departments and government business enterprises (GBEs), or non-profit organizations. The exit question asks the reader to identify two similarities between corporations and government enterprises, which are both aiming to make a profit and can be partly private and partly government owned.
Lesson 2 characteristics of large scale organisations.key
This document outlines the key characteristics of large-scale organizations (LSOs). It defines LSOs as those with 200 or more employees or assets over $200 million. LSOs are unique in that they have significant political influence, can produce goods and services cheaply due to economies of scale, have many stakeholders, operate globally, and have formal management structures. The typical management functions of LSOs include operations, finance, human resources, marketing, and research and development. The document also discusses multinational corporations, which are owned and based in one country but operate in many countries worldwide.
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- 1. Lesson 6 – Interference of Neurotransmitter function VCE PSYCHOLOGY © Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016 Study design dot point • the effects of chronic changes to the functioning of the nervous system due to interference to neurotransmitter function, illustrated by the role of GABA in Parkinson’s disease. What you need to know and be able to do: • Explain the symptoms of Parkinson's disease • Explain the role of GABA in Parkinson's disease • Explain the role of Dopamine in Parkinson's disease
- 2. Question from last lesson • Multiple choice activity • Write in Books
- 3. Neurotransmitter interruption © Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016 • Neurotransmitter interruption can occur from an imbalance or deficiency in a particular type of neurotransmitter. • Causes of neurotransmitter interruption may be naturally occurring or self induced. Common causes include: – Alcohol and drugs – Diet and nutrition – Stress – Genetics
- 4. • The side effects are many and varied, some can be permanent and others short term. All relate directly to the type of neurotransmitter impacted. Some side effects include: • Some of these effects are chronic, while others are temporary © Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016 Mental Health Disorders Addiction Immobility Weight Loss or Gain Side effects of neurotransmitter interruption
- 5. © Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016 • Neurotransmitter deficiencies can in many cases be treated through drugs and medication, artificially replacing the lost neurotransmitter. • The biggest problem with this is that it does not help the natural production, in fact in can suppress it further. Treating neurotransmitter interruptions
- 6. Deficiency in serotonin • Serotonin is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that involves stabilising mood. • Without it individuals suffer emotional disturbances that can result in schizophrenia. © Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016
- 7. Deficiency in dopamine • Dopamine is an excitatory neuron involved in drive, motivation and motor movement. • Without it, individuals can suffer from depression. © Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016
- 8. What is Parkinson’s disease • Parkinson’s disease is a progressive degeneration of the nervous system characterised by tremor and muscle rigidity. © Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016 https://www.flickr.com/photos/pahudson/6719675893/in/photostream/ Michael J Fox - speaking at Lotusphere 2012 Paul Hudson
- 9. Video source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECkPVTZlfP8 MJ Fox interview (2.15 min) © Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016
- 10. What causes Parkinson’s disease? • Low levels of dopamine – causes movement problems • Low levels of GABA have now also been found which explains why dopamine treatments (such as L-dopa) only have short term effects Further reading: https://hms.harvard.edu/news/challenging-parkinsons-dogma-10-24-12 © Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016
- 11. Exit Questions
- 12. Fast five - Question 1 What does the term chronic mean? © Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016
- 13. Fast five - Question 1 (Answer) What does the term chronic mean? Answer: Long time. © Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016
- 14. Fast five - Question 2 Name two ways that neurotransmitters can be interrupted. © Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016
- 15. Fast five - Question 2 (Answer) Name two ways that neurotransmitters can be interrupted. Answer: Alcohol and stress. © Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016
- 16. Fast five - Question 3 Name two side effects of neurotransmitter interruption. © Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016
- 17. Fast five - Question 3 (Answer) Name two side effects of neurotransmitter interruption. Answer: Mental health problems and weight gain. © Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016
- 18. Fast five - Question 4 Name two neurotransmitters that are linked to the onset of Parkinson’s disease. © Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016
- 19. Fast five - Question 4 (Answer) Name two neurotransmitters that are linked to the onset of Parkinson’s disease. Answer: Dopamine and GABA. © Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016
- 20. Fast five - Question 5 What is Parkinson’s disease? © Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016
- 21. Fast five - Question 5 (Answer) What is Parkinson’s disease? Answer: Progressive degeneration of the nervous system. © Kristy Kendall & Edrolo 2016
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- Image reference: http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-409605523/stock-vector-neuron-vector-illustration-isolated-on-a-white-background.html?src=F9UMeXgIOIxJM0wWxeFbmQ-1-32