Lesson 5 the role of the neuron in memory formation 2012 sh
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This document discusses the role of neurons in memory formation based on the work of Eric Kandel. It summarizes that Kandel found any experience resulting in memory produces physical changes in the brain at the neuronal level, including changes in neuronal structure and function. It describes how Kandel studied memory and learning in Aplysia, observing changes at synapses in the form of increased neurotransmitter release, more receptor sites, and growth of new synapses, known collectively as long-term potentiation. These synaptic changes are what enable memories to form at the neuronal level.
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Lesson 2 forgetting curve
The document discusses Hermann Ebbinghaus's work on the forgetting curve and its implications. It summarizes that according to Ebbinghaus's research, people forget about 60% of new meaningless information within the first 20 minutes, with over half of total memory loss occurring within the first hour. Most forgetting happens within the first 8 hours and then levels off. Factors like meaningfulness of information, extended learning periods, and effective encoding can reduce forgetting. The document also outlines different measures of memory retention like recall, recognition, and relearning, and explains how recognition and relearning are more sensitive measures of retained memory compared to recall.
Week 5 brain overview last
Dr. Nega's PPT notes for course AP 5001 Foundations of Psychology Science
DEREE, The American College of Greece
Cerebellum and Cognitive-sensory motor skill in developmental Dyslexia
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این پاورپوینت توسط دکتر علیزاده در کارگاه توانبخشی شناختی در اختلالات یادگیری ارائه شده است.
برای مشاهده دیگر مطالب در این زمینه، لطفا به وب سایت فروردین مراجعه نمایید.
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Visual perception principles are rules that help organize and interpret visual stimuli in a consistent way. These innate rules include figure-ground, which distinguishes figures from backgrounds based on detail; similarity, which groups similar elements; closure, which fills in missing parts of figures; and proximity, which groups objects that are physically close together.
Depth cues
Binocular depth cues use both eyes to perceive depth and include retinal disparity and convergence. Retinal disparity occurs because each eye sees a slightly different image based on their positions, and convergence is the inward turning of the eyes to focus on closer objects. Monocular cues use a single eye and include linear perspective, interposition, texture gradient, relative size, and height in the visual field. A study by Turnbull found that the BaMbuti pygmies he observed did not use relative size well because their environment did not require that skill, showing that depth perception is learned rather than innate.
From the eye to the brain
After light is absorbed by photoreceptors in the retina, sensory information is converted into action potentials that are transmitted along the optic nerve. This transmission sends the sensory information to relevant areas of the brain for perception, where the visual information is processed and interpreted. The retina plays a key role in this process by receiving and absorbing light, and processing images before the information is sent to the brain.
Sensation and perception
Sensation involves detecting and responding to sensory information through sensory receptors. Perception is the process of assigning meaning to incoming sensory information. Sensory receptors have receptive fields, which are the areas they can detect stimuli. Reception detects sensory information, which is then converted into neural signals via transduction. Transmission carries these signals along neural pathways to the brain for interpretation, where meaning is derived. While these processes are rapid, we are only consciously aware when a stimulus is ambiguous. Sensation is the detection of sensory information, while perception gives meaning to those detections.
Lesson 3 attachment and emotional development
This document discusses attachment and emotional development in infants. It explains that attachment refers to the emotional bond between an infant and caregiver. It describes John Bowlby's theory that infants have an innate drive to form attachments, which improves survival and provides a foundation for healthy emotional development. The document also discusses factors like genetics, temperament, and early life experiences that can influence the type of attachment formed, noting that secure attachments are most likely when caregivers are sensitively responsive to infants' signals.
Lesson 1 life span development
Psychologists refer to development as changes that occur over time in areas such as physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development. Development progresses sequentially from simple to complex behaviors, with each new behavior building on those achieved previously. Individual differences in development are influenced by both heredity (genes) and environment. Maturation refers to orderly genetic changes in the nervous system that must occur for certain behaviors or mental processes to develop, according to the principle of readiness.
Brain function – the evidence from brain damage
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Lesson 3 The neuron
Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system and have several parts that allow them to transmit electrochemical signals throughout the brain. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and pass them to the soma, which controls the cell. The axon then carries the signal away from the soma to release neurotransmitters at axon terminals, crossing the synapse to activate the next neuron. Myelin insulation allows faster signal transmission between neurons.
Lesson 2 autonomic nervous system
The document describes the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and its two divisions - the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system activates the body's fight or flight response when under threat, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and diverting blood to muscles. The parasympathetic nervous system returns the body to homeostasis and calm once the threat is passed, slowing heart rate and aiding digestion. The ANS functions automatically to regulate internal organs and physiological processes.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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- 1. Lesson 5 - The role of Neurons in Memory formation Friday, 13 April 2012
- 2. Last lesson...... From which form of declarative memory is retrieval of information often more difficult? Why? 3 marks Friday, 13 April 2012
- 3. Last lesson...... From which form of declarative memory is retrieval of information often more difficult? Why? 3 marks Answer Retrieval of information is often more difficult from episodic memory.There memories are less well learned, and are more context dependent and state-dependent in nature. Friday, 13 April 2012
- 4. Todays lesson............ •Review the function of a neuron •Explain the role of the neuron in memory formation informed by the work of E. Richard Kandel! Friday, 13 April 2012
- 5. Revision - The Neuron Friday, 13 April 2012
- 6. Kandel found that any experience resulting in memory produces physical changes in the brain at the neuronal level, changes in structure and function of neurons. Friday, 13 April 2012
- 7. Kandel’s Research on the role of neurons Eric Kandel studies the sea slug Aplysia for the following reasons: •Very simple nervous system •Only 20,000 neurons •Largest neurons in the world and can be seen with the naked eye Friday, 13 April 2012
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- 9. Long Term Potentiation Friday, 13 April 2012
- 10. Friday, 13 April 2012
- 11. Friday, 13 April 2012