This document provides an overview of key concepts in ABAP including:
1) Input parameters, changing variables through copy and initialization, and performing calculations and conversions.
2) Using control statements like IF/ELSE and loops like DO/WHILE as well as logical expressions and operators.
3) The CASE statement for evaluating field contents and differences from IF/ENDIF.
4) Debugging techniques in ABAP like setting breakpoints and using the debugging mode.
Static variables scope remains within the whole program. IT is not reinitialised again and again. We can declare the members of a class as static as well. Both possess same properties.
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Static variable is explained using simple terms and example followed by conclusion. An application is demonstrated using simple example. The examples provided in slide can be taken as a reference by c,c++,java,php students.
this slide is for to understand the conditions which are applied in C++ programming language. I hope u would understand better by viewing this presentation.
Static variables scope remains within the whole program. IT is not reinitialised again and again. We can declare the members of a class as static as well. Both possess same properties.
Our Facebook page:
https://www.facebook.com/programming.cplusplus/
Static variable is explained using simple terms and example followed by conclusion. An application is demonstrated using simple example. The examples provided in slide can be taken as a reference by c,c++,java,php students.
this slide is for to understand the conditions which are applied in C++ programming language. I hope u would understand better by viewing this presentation.
what are loop in general
what is loop in c language
uses of loop in c language
types of loop in c language
program of loop in c language
syantax of loop in c language
Notes: Verilog Part 5 - Tasks and FunctionsJay Baxi
The document is the penultimate part of Verilog notes out of 6 total parts.
This contains brief theoretical points on Tasks and Functions, their differences, declaration and invocation and their types and applications.
what are loop in general
what is loop in c language
uses of loop in c language
types of loop in c language
program of loop in c language
syantax of loop in c language
Notes: Verilog Part 5 - Tasks and FunctionsJay Baxi
The document is the penultimate part of Verilog notes out of 6 total parts.
This contains brief theoretical points on Tasks and Functions, their differences, declaration and invocation and their types and applications.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
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Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
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Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
15. Logical Expressions & Operators IF statements may be joined using the AND, OR or NOT operators. Logical expressions may use the following comparative operators : eq = ne <> >< gt > ge >= lt < le <= between co, ca, cs, cp (string comparisons) Examples.
Input Parameters A Parameter is a special type of variable. It requires the value of the variable to be input from a selection screen. Parameters are defined using the parameters statement. Parameter names can be no more than 8 characters. Why is ABC on the selection screen? (It has been set as the default of PAR2) What will be printed as a result of the write statement? (whatever values the user has input) How can the appearance of the screen be improved? ==> use meaningful labels. HOW? ==> assign the attributes of a table field to the parameter. HOW WILL THIS IMPROVE THE SCREEN? ==> The data element of the table field will give the parameter a label and F1 help, also if a check table is involved it will ensure data integrity of input.
Input Parameters parameters: carr like spfli-carrid default ‘LH’. What is the effect of the “like” clause? >> carr is assigned the same field attributes as spfli-carrid - field type and length (CHAR & 3 from domain) - label (from data element - note extra steps required to assign DD field label to parameter - steps outlined in workshop ex. ) - F1 help (from data element) - if check table used in spfli-carrid then a n icon appears at the end of the parameter’s input field - if you click, a list of valid values for the field is displayed
What is a CONSTANT? Note: Type s_carr_id reference has been made to the Data Element so that the variable is assigned the DD object attribute (type & length). Each elementary field comes as standard with an initial value appropriate to its type. You can set an start value for an elementary field yourself using the VALUE addition. After VALUES you may only specify a fixed data object. If you want to copy the field contents of variable var1 to a second variable var2 , you can choose one of two syntax variants: MOVE var1 TO var2. var2 = var1. If the two data objects have different types, the type is automatically converted if there is a conversion rule. You can find detailed information about copying and about the conversion rules in the keyword documentation for MOVE The CLEAR statement resets the field contents of a variable to the initial value for the particular type. You can find detailed information about the initial values for a particular type in the keyword documentation about CLEAR .
Assignment statements: clear What is the result of the write statement? a1 bb where b is a blank a2 0 a3 0 a4 000 a5 00000000 a6 000000 g1-a1 XXX g1-a2 0
Note: TYPE statement in slide example references a STRUCTURE called SBC400FOCC and defined in the Data Dictionary. (Emerald does not have SBC400FOCC but has structure YCHSTRUK_SFLIGHT ) You can precede calculations with the COMPUTE statement. This statement is optional.
Calculations COMPUTE is optional See online documentation for COMPUTE for further explanation of functions and DIV & MOD. Note the brackets have spaces except the first when used with a function. What is unusual about the compute lines for SUM, RESULT, ROOT? ==> use of a data field type c What has happened? ==> ABAP/4 automatically carries out a conversion based on a set of conversion rules.
Conversion Rules: Elementary Types Conversion rules exits for all combinations of elementary types. A comprehensive overview of conversion rules is contained on the online documentation for the DATA statement. Type c fields are saved left justified. When you convert to type c fields, the field is filled up with blanks if it is too short, and truncated if it is too long. See example 1 & 2 above When you convert a type c field to a type p field, only digits, a plus or minus sign and a decimal point are permitted. (see example 3 above) When you convert a type p field to a type c field, the leading zeros are converted to spaces. (see example 4 above)
Calculations with dates What is the result of the program above? today’s day = no of days e.g. 19990113 as sy-datum then DIFF = 13 Why not just display DATEREC-DAY as answer? Program illustrates how dates can be used in calculations. For example, How would you work out the number of days in the current month? Or the number of days from a particular date until today?
Other control commands : LOOP ….. ENDLOOP for reading internal tables. AT ….. ENDAT for control level processing within a LOOP statement. Covered later?
Logical expressions can be linked with NOT, AND, and OR. You can nest parenthetical expressions as deeply as you want. The parentheses which denote sub-expressions always count as one word. They must therefore be separated by spaces. If you compare two type C fields with unequal length, the shorter field is lengthened to match the length of the longer one when the comparison is made. It is filled from the right-hand end with spaces.
The ELSE and ELSEIF statements are optional. Examples : i) if value1 = 22. add 25 to value1. endif. ii) if value1 = 22. add 25 to value1. else. write value1. endif. iii) if w_year1 > w_year2. write ‘Year1’. elseif w_year1 < w_year2. write ‘Year2’. else. write ‘Equal’. endif.
co - contains only <f1> co <f2> (case sensitive) is true if <f1> contains only chars from <f2>. ‘ BD___’ co ‘ABCD_’ True ‘ BD___’ co ‘ABCDE’ False ca - contains any <f1> ca <f2> (case sensitive) is true if <f1> contains at least one char from <f2>. ‘ ABcde’ ca ‘Bd___’ True ‘ ABcde’ ca ‘bD___’ False cs - contains string <f1> cs <f2> (not-case sensitive) is true if <f1> contains the char string in (trailing spaces ignored) <f2>. ‘ ABcde’ cs ‘bC___’ True ‘ ABcde’ cs ‘ce____’ False cp - contains pattern <f1> cp <f2> (not-case sensitive) is true if <f1> contains the pattern in <f2>. (* any char, + single char) ‘ABcde’ cp ‘*b*’ True
IF and CASE statements allow you to make case distinctions: CASE ... ENDCASE: Only one of the sequences of statements is executed. The WHEN OTHERS statement is optional. IF ... ENDIF: The logical expressions that are supported are described in the documentation about IF . The ELSE and ELSEIF statements are optional. If the logical expression is fulfilled, the following sequence of statements is executed. If the logical expression is not fulfilled, the ELSE or ELSEIF section is processed. If there is no ELSE or no further ELSEIF statement, the program continues after the ENDIF statement. You can include any number of ELSEIF statements between IF and ENDIF . A maximum of one of the sequences of statements will be executed. data: w_year type i. w_year = 1997. case w_year. when 1996. write ‘The year is 1996’. when 1997. write ‘The year is 1997’. when 1998. write ‘The year is 1998.’ when others. write ‘The year is undefined.’ endcase.
Examples : i) data n type i, square type i, count type i. n = 100. count = 0. do n times. count = count + 1. square = count ** 2. write square. enddo. ii) n = 100. do n times. square = sy-index ** 2. write square. enddo.
Example : A binary search. min = 0. max = 1000. while key <> search_key. key = ( min + max ) div 2. (integer division) if key > search_key. max = key - 1. else. min = key + 1. endif. endwhile.
Examples : do 4 times. If sy-index = 2. Continue. Endif. Write sy-index. Enddo. This produces the following output: 1 3 4 The system terminates the second loop pass without processing the write statement. do 4 times. Check sy-index between 2 and 3. Write sy-index. Enddo. This produces the following output: 2 3 The system terminates the first and fourth loop pass without processing the write statement because sy-index does not fall between 2 and 3. do 4 times. If sy-index = 3. exit. Endif. Write sy-index. Enddo. This produces the following output: 1 2 The system terminates the entire loop processing in the thirdloop pass without processing the write statement or the fourth loop pass.
Debugging can be invoked by : Start a program by calling the Debugging function from the ABAP Editor initial screen. Enter /h in the command field, press ENTER and choose Execute. From the Object Browser access debugging mode by right-clicking program name and selecting: Execute >> Debugging. When in debugging mode, the program lines appear in the upper half of the screen with the contents of the fields in the lower half. Breakpoints can be line-oriented, field-oriented (watchpoint) or command oriented.
Starting the program in the debugging mode allows you to execute the program line by line using the 'Single Step' icon. You can display up to eight variables. To trace the variable values, enter the field names in the left input field. You can also see this entry by double-clicking on the field name in the code displayed.
You can set a breakpoint by double-clicking in front of a line of source code in the debugging mode. If you then click on the 'Continue' icon, the program will be executed up to the point where the next breakpoint is defined. You can find information on content-related breakpoints in the ABAP Statements and Data Declarations unit.