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Lecture One: Goat Production and Management
- 1. TECHNOAGRI PRECISION RESEARCH ADVISORY COMPANY +263782108484|angellight.sunrise@gmail.com LECTURE ONE GOATMANAGEMENT BREEDS AVAILABLE IN ZIMBABWE Fayol (BSc. Hons Animal Production and Technology)
- 2. Introduction • Breeds availablein Zimbabwe • Small and Large Sector Production systems • Genetic Improvement and breeding systems • Pure Breeding, Cross Breeding Terms use to describe Goats breeds at different age and sex • Buck – mature male goat • Doe – mature female • Kid – young one
- 3. Breeds • A breedis a group of animals within a species having a common and identifying characters that distinguish them as belonging to a breeding group and or a group of animals within species that has a common origin and similar physical characteristics which are easily distinguished. • Local breeds of goats have developed more through genetic segregation and natural selection than through deliberate intervention by man • There is risks of losing local genetics through uncontrolled breeding and indiscriminate crossbreeding (sometimes with intended aim of improvement)
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- 5. Description of GoatBreeds • Classification is done according to different parameters, the major parameters commonly in use include • Origin • Body Size • Coat Type • Function • Color Pattern • Other classification includes • Height of withers • Ear shape and length
- 6. Origin • Most ofthe breeds in Zimbabwe are local breeds and some originate from within African continent, Asia and European Continents from a number of countries. • The goats can either be indigenous (Local Breeds) • Mashona • Matable • Or imported (exotic breeds • Boer from South Africa • Saaenen • Toggenburg • Angora
- 7. Body Size • Thesize of the breed largely depend on the nutrition status as much as the genotype and natural selection, nonetheless classifications done from dwarf to large breeds Breed body size Length (Head to tail base) Average Weight in Kgs Large Breeds Over 65 cm >35 Medium Breeds 50 – 65 cm 21 – 35 Dwarf Breeds <50 cm >20
- 8. Coat Type • Goatsin Zimbabwe have short thing coat adapted for keeping the goat cool by reflecting radiation • Hairy goats such as the Angora goat are tagged to be South African offspring's • This breed produces the highest fiber in the world
- 9. Function • Rarely classifiedby fiber or skin • Production of meat and milk • Boer goat classified for meat production • Saanen and Toggenburg classified under milk breeds • The majority of the goats are non-decripts.
- 10. Color Pattern • Prominentgoat color in Zimbabwe range from the typical pure Black Mashona breed, brown tinged crosses, through various degrees of patchy colors which are usually reflective of varying grades of crosses, to purely white Saanens
- 11. Dairy Goats • Thesehave high milk production capacity • They are further subdivide into • Temperate • Exotic • Indigenous
- 12. Temperate Breeds • SAANEN •this is a large white colored goat that originated from Switerland • It has upright ears that point forwad • Its milk production yield averages 3 – 3.5 liters per day • Has a butterfat percentage of 3.5 – 4 • British Alpine • Originated from Britain
- 13. TOGGENBURG • It originatedfrom Switerlan • It is brown in color with two white stripes running from the eyes to the nose • Utilize forage on local grass and shrubs • Milk production slightly lower when compared to Saanen • It yield an average of 2.5 – 3 kg per day of milk • Has butterfat of 3.3%
- 14. Tropical Dairy Goats •Anglo – Nubian • This breed is mainly roan white in color • It has long legs, an flopping ears and is pooled • The adult female weighs 60 – 70 kg • Produces 1 – 2 liters of milk per day • Jamnapari • This is a crossbreed between Indian Jamnapari and the Egyptian Nubian • It originated from India • Its color ranges from fawn, white to black • It has large ears that flop • The breed is horned • Milk produced ranges between 1.0 to 1.5 liters per day • Adult female weighs 45 – 60 kg
- 15. Meat Goats • Thesebreeds of goats that have high quality carcasses, thus are popular for meat production. They include • Galla: Adapt to hot conditions. It has a white colored body that has very good meat quality • Boer: It was developed in South Africa. Has gained popularity due to its ability to have twins and triplets with rapid growth and weight gain. It is white in color with a brown head and long eared
- 16. Hair Goats • Theonly breed in this category is the angora Goat that is reared for its hair referred to as mohair • It originated from Angora in Asia • The breed is not very popular due to its vulnerability to internal parasites • It is white in color
- 17. Indigenous Breeds 1. SmallEastern Mashonaland Breed 2. Matabele Goat Breed
- 18. Small East AfricanGoat Management. • Location • Mashonaland North • Midlands • Zambezi Valley (Northern Parts of Zimbabwe • Average Doe live mass - 25kg • Average Buck Weight - 35kg • Twinning percentage - 20% • Kid weight at 12 months: 17-18kg • Coat Color • Multi-coloured (white, black, brown, beige, tan and can have a combination of colors • Ears • Large and dropping • Body Frame • Small – Medium • Sexual Maturity • 7 months though relatively slow growth • Dress out Percentage • 48% equivalent to 12 – 14.5kg
- 19. Mashona Goat • Smallbut not dwarf. • Short-haired, small light horns, short horizontal ears. • Variable coat colour (black/tan, red & white, grey). • Adult female 27-30kg live- weight. • Height at withers 57cm. • They breed at anytime of the year. • Twinning rate is 10%
- 20. Small East AfricanGoat Management.
- 21. Matabele Goat • Location •Matabeleland, Masvingo • Average Doe live mass • 30 - 35kg • Average Buck Weight • 45-50kg • Twinning percentage - 50% • Kid weight at 12 months: 25kg • Coat Color • Variety with strains • West acre/Nyandemi farms strains: black, white, brown and combinations • Blue Goat: Blue-grey, Iminwe, Black, Brown/Tan/beige • Ears • Vary with strains including • Blue Goat: long lateral, dropping • West acre/Nyandeni Farm strain: Large, dropping • Iminwe: Long, droping • Body Frame • Medium – large • Sexual Maturity • 18 months of age • Dress out Percentage • 48% equivalent to 12 – 14.5kg • Gestation Period • 145 – 154 days
- 22. Matebele • Indigenous breed •White, brown, black spotted or pied in colour. • Have long and lopped ears with turned up ends. • Horns, when present, are short & erect. • Height at withers is 70cm in males & 65cm in females. • Live weight is 40-65kg in adult males & 30-45kg in females
- 23. Exotic Breeds 1. BoerGoat 2. Angor Goat 3. Toggenburg
- 24. BOER GOAT BREED •Location • South Africa • Average Doe live mass • 50kg (can grow up to 60kg) • High Reproductive Rate • Average Buck Weight • 65kg (can grow up to 70kg) • Castrates can attain weight of 100 kg without splintery freedom • Kidding Rate • 1.5 (3 times in 2 years) • 50% Twins • 7% triplets • Ears • Large, dropping • Body Frame • Large (almost twice the weight of Matabele goats) • Mean Daily Milk • 1.2 – 1.8kg/day • Average Milk Yield • Over 160kg/lactation • Utility • Meat (mostly used for meat) • Milk • Skin
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- 26. Boer Goat • Exoticbreed • Three strains; • Medium size, short glossy coat. • Long haired, late maturing, multi-coloured, dairy conformation • Brown head & neck, white body & legs, prominent horns, broad & drooping ears, body of good meat conformation.
- 27. TOGGENBURG Origin Switzerland Body FrameLarge, long thin neck and erect Colour Fawn or chocolate Legs are white from the knees and hocks downwards Ears Forward-pointing, dark ears with white edges Both sexes polled and tassels are common and males have longer hair than the females Have been introduced in the tropics Milk Yield 3 litres/day (1kg/day) Average Weight 65 – 75 cm Adult male weight 65kg Adult Female Weight 50Kg
- 28. TOGGENBURG • Swiss dairygoat from Toggenburg Valley of Switzerland at Obertoggenburg. • excellent udder development and high milk production, and have an average fat test of 3.7 percent. • Medium size, sturdy, vigorous, and alert in appearance. • does weight at least 55kg. • hair is short or medium in length, soft, fine, and lying flat. • Distinct white markings • Perform best in cooler conditions.
- 29. ALPINES • French Breed •Size and production traits • No distinct color • Short hairs • Pronounced beard in males • Height at withers – females 76cm, males 86 – 100cm • Weight – females 60 kg, males 77kg
- 30. ANGORA GOAT Coat Whitewith fleece of long white lustrous ringlets Ears Large, drooping Body Frame Medium Utility Mohair production Adaptability Hot, dry subtropical climates, intolerant to high rainfall Height 54cm Ears Lop eared, with short homonymous twisted horns in both sexes Breeding Annual breeders, occasional twins Milk yield 20 – 25kg/Lactation Average carcass weight 13kg Average fleece weight Doubled to 3kg through selective breeding
- 31. ANGORA • Angora, AsiaMinor • Mohair production • ~2.4kg/shearing (twice per yr) • Fibre length 12-15cm • Small foraging animal • Males – 80 – 100kg • Females – 30 – 45kg • 60 – 70% reproductive rate • Internal parasites • Thinner fleshed carcas and low dressing out%
- 32. Saanen • Dairy breedfrom Switzerland, in the Saanen Valley. • heavy milk producers • 6-7 litre/day • usually yield 3-4% milk fat. • Medium to large in size (65kg). • Colour, white/light cream • Hair short and fine • Ears erect and alert, pointing forward • Straight face • Sensitive to excessive sunlight
- 33. Name Origin Purpose AlpineFrench Alps Milk American Lamancha Oregon Milk Anglo-Nubian Great Britain Milk Angora Central Anatolia Region Fiber Australian Cashmere Australia Fiber Boer South Africa Meat, Reproduction Dutch Landrace Netherlands Milk Finnish Landrace Finland Milk Irish Ireland Meat, Milk Kalahari Red South Africa Meat Nigerian Dwarf West Africa Milk Oberhasli Oberhasli Milk Pygmy Cameroon Meat, Milk, Pet Saanen Saanen Milk Somali Somalia, Djibouti and northeastern Kenya Milk, Meat, Skin Toggenburg Toggenburg Milk Valais Blackneck Southern Switzerland Meat, Milk
- 34. Contact Details Mobile Number:+263782108484 Email: angellight.sunrise@gmail.com TechnoAgri Precision ResearchAdvisory PBC Providing technical and implementational assistance to agriculture in all facets such as cropiculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, cuniculture, apiculture ejusdem generis; being farmers, research and specialized consultants; being a publishing house and workshops and training service providers in a wide range of areas and remaining capable of doing any corporate acts as maybe ancillary, pertinent or incidental thereto.
Editor's Notes
- #4 Extension workers and service providers need to guide farmers in understanding the basic criteria for characterization, classification, and identification of specific goat breeds in Zimbabwe. Cross breeding is taking place without identifying the abilities of local breed genetic value.