Organizational behavior focuses on individual behavior based on psychology topics like attitudes, personality, and motivation, as well as group behavior based on sociology topics like norms, roles, teams, leadership, and conflict. The goals of organizational behavior are to explain, predict, and influence employee behavior so managers can manage employees to get tasks done. Attitudes are evaluative statements that can be favorable or unfavorable and reflect how one feels, consisting of cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. Organizational citizenship behavior promotes effective organization functioning through helpful, voluntary, cooperative actions beyond formal job requirements.

1. TOPIC : FOUNDATIONS of BEHAVIOUR
Focus of Organizational Behaviour(OB)
Organizational behavior focuses on two major areas. First, OB looks at individual
behavior. Based on contributions from psychologists, this area includes such topics as
attitudes, personality, perception, learning, and motivation.
Then, OB is concerned with group behavior, which includes norms, roles, team building,
leadership, and conflict. Our knowledge about groups comes basically from the work of
sociologists.
Goals of Organizational Behaviour(OB)
The goals of Organizational Behaviour are to
•
Explain
•
Predict and
•
Influence
the behaviour of employees. Managers need to be able to do this so that they can manage
employee’s behaviour. Manager’s success depends on getting tasks done through people.
To do this, a manager needs to be able to explain why employees engage in some
behaviours rather than others.
They need to be able to predict that how employees will respond to various actions a the
manager may take in future. Lastly, they need to be able to influence the behaviour of
employees so a manager can help employee with better punctuality , productivity and job
satisfaction.
Attitudes
Attitudes are evaluative statements—either favorable or unfavorable—concerning objects,
people, or events. They reflect how an individual feels about something. When a person says, "I
like my job," he or she is expressing an attitude about work.

2. Attitude is made up of three components :
The Cognitive component :
This component is made up of the beliefs, opinions, knowledge or information held by a
person. The belief that “discrimination” is wrong shows a cognition / cognitive
component.
The Affective component :
The affective component is the emotional or feeling part of an attitude. Using the example
, this component would be shown by the statement , “ I don’t like John because he
discriminates against minorities”
The Behavioural component:
The behavioural component of an attitude tells, an intention to behave in a certain way
toward someone or something. To continue with the above example , A person may
choose to avoid or not meet John because of his feelings about him.
Organizational Citizenship Behaviour:
Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB),is a behavior that is not part of an employee's
formal job requirements but that promotes the effective functioning of the organization.
Examples of good OCB include helping others on one's work team, volunteering for extended job
activities, avoiding unnecessary conflicts, and making constructive statements about one's work
group and the organization.
In today's workplace, where teamwork and cooperation is much needed to get things done,
organizations prefer having employees who display organizational citizenship behavior.