The document discusses energy production and markets in the United States. It notes that the US has experienced rapid increases in natural gas and oil production from shale and other tight resources. As a result, the US is now the largest producer of petroleum and natural gas in the world. The document also examines scenarios for renewable energy generation and the impacts of low electricity demand growth.
Executive Summary for the IEA's annual World Energy Outlook, the 2016 edition. The Outlook predicts natural gas use will continue to rise, while coal will continue to fall. "We see clear winners for the next 25 years, natural gas, but especially wind and solar, replacing the champion of the previous 25 years, coal," said Fatih Birol, IEA's executive director.
https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo/pdf/0484(2017).pdf
International Energy Outlook 2017
World energy consumption is projected to increase by 28% by 2040, according to the International Energy Outlook 2017 (IEO2017), released today by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Most of the world’s growth in energy demand is projected to take place in countries outside of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). China and the other non-OECD Asia nations alone account for more than 60% of the projected increase in world energy demand
Executive Summary for the IEA's annual World Energy Outlook, the 2016 edition. The Outlook predicts natural gas use will continue to rise, while coal will continue to fall. "We see clear winners for the next 25 years, natural gas, but especially wind and solar, replacing the champion of the previous 25 years, coal," said Fatih Birol, IEA's executive director.
https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo/pdf/0484(2017).pdf
International Energy Outlook 2017
World energy consumption is projected to increase by 28% by 2040, according to the International Energy Outlook 2017 (IEO2017), released today by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Most of the world’s growth in energy demand is projected to take place in countries outside of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). China and the other non-OECD Asia nations alone account for more than 60% of the projected increase in world energy demand
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2014: Presentationbp
Welcome to the 63rd edition of the BP Statistical Review of World Energy.
Since 1952, the review’s mission has always been to provide objective, global data on energy markets to inform discussion, debate and decision-making. This first snap-shot of the global energy picture in 2013 – together with the historical data that puts today’s information into context – can help us to understand how the world around us is changing.
Global primary energy consumption accelerated in 2013 despite stagnant global economic growth. Consumption and production increased for all fuels, reaching record levels for every fuel type except nuclear power.
The Annual Energy Outlook provides long-term energy projections for the United States. Energy market projections are subject to much uncertainty because many of the events that shape energy markets as well as future developments in technologies, demographics, and resources cannot be foreseen with certainty. To illustrate the importance of key assumptions, This 2019 Energy Outlook and projections includes a Reference case and six side cases that systematically vary important underlying assumptions. the effects of economic assumptions on energy consumption are the High and Low Economic Growth cases, which modify population growth and productivity assumptions throughout the projection period to yield higher or lower compound annual growth rates for U.S. gross domestic product than in the Reference case.
Published by EIA
A new policy on energy transition was commenced in Taiwan to phase out nuclear power and to introduce substantial power generation capacity from renewable sources by 2025. This transition of energy source and structure represents not only great challenges for Taiwan but also immense business opportunities for industrial developed countries.
A PowerPoint presentation used by the International Energy Agency during a public event to unveil a new annual report published by the IEA called the World Energy Investment Report.
Australian energy consumption fell by 1 per cent in 2013–14 to around
5 831 petajoules, despite continued growth in the Australian economy.
Energy productivity (gross domestic product/energy consumption) rose
by 4 per cent.
Growth in energy consumption in the mining, transport and services
sectors was offset by a continued fall in energy use for electricity
generation and manufacturing, as well as by households. Transport
overtook the electricity supply sector as the largest energy user in
2013–14.
Final energy consumption (excludes energy used in energy conversion
activities) rose by 1 per cent in 2013–14.
Oil remained the largest primary energy source in Australia, at 38 per
cent in 2013–14, followed by coal (32 per cent) and natural gas (24 per
cent). Renewables accounted for 6 per cent of Australia’s energy mix.
Use of gas and renewables grew by 2 per cent and 4 per cent
respectively in 2013–14. In contrast, oil consumption fell by 1 per cent
and coal by 5 per cent.
Energy consumption fell in most states and territories in 2013–14.
The annual Energy Outlook reflects our best effort to describe a “most likely” trajectory of the global energy system, based on our views of likely economic and population growth, as well as developments in policy and technology
This 2015 edition updates our view of the likely path of global energy markets to 2035. We make assumptions on changes in policy, technology and the economy, based on extensive internal and external consultations, using a range of analytical tools to build a single “most likely” view.
The Outlook highlights the continuous change in the energy system – the changing fuel mix, the changing patterns of trade – as it adapts to meet the world’s growing energy needs. It also highlights the challenge of delivering energy supplies which are sustainable, secure and affordable. The Outlook emphasizes the role of competition and market forces in driving technology and innovation to help us meet that challenge.
The 65th edition of the BP Statistical Review of World Energy sets out energy data for 2015, revealing a year in which significant long-term trends in both the global demand and supply of energy came to the fore with global energy consumption slowing further and the mix of energy sources shifting towards lower-carbon fuels.
Dr Fatih Birol, Executive Director of the International Energy Agency, spoke at the EU-US Business to Business Energy Forum in Brussels on May 2, 2019, about the global LNG trade.
Australian energy consumption rose by 1 per cent in 2014–15 to around
5,920 petajoules, following two years of consecutive decline.
Energy productivity (gross domestic product/energy consumption) rose by
1 per cent in 2014–15, and has increased by 28 per cent over the past 15
years.
Most of the growth in energy use was for electricity generation, reflecting
increased demand for electricity and a switch in the generation mix towards
coal (which has a lower efficiency than renewables).
Transport, which is the second largest energy use in Australia, continued
to grow steadily by 1 per cent.
For the first time in more than a decade, energy use in the mining sector
fell in 2014–15. This decline in energy use occurred across the sector,
despite general growth in output, and reflects cost cutting measures and
adoption of less energy-intensive technologies.
Energy use also fell in the manufacturing sector, mainly in non-ferrous
metals, underpinned by some large industrial closures such as the Gove
alumina refinery, Point Henry aluminium smelter and the Kurnell petroleum
refinery.
Final energy consumption, which excludes energy used in energy
conversion activities such as electricity generation and petroleum refining,
was flat in 2014–15.
Oil remained the largest primary energy source in Australia, at 38 per cent
in 2014–15, followed by coal (32 per cent) and natural gas (24 per cent).
Renewables accounted for 6 per cent of Australia’s energy mix.
After five years of decline, coal use rose by 3 per cent in 2014–15, although
consumption is still around 20 per cent lower than its peak in 2008–09.
Use of gas and renewables grew by 1 and 2 per cent, respectively. Oil
consumption fell by 1 per cent. The closure of domestic petroleum refining
capacity outweighed increased end use for transport and electricity
generation.
This was the first webinar in the series of two. It presented the IEA comprehensive analysis on the opportunities and challenges of scaling and accelerating the deployment of clean energy technologies to achieve climate, energy security and economic goals focusing on the power and industry sectors as well as the role of CCS. The following chapters of the report were presented: Transforming electricity systems; Infrastructure for electricity system transformation; Advancing the low carbon transition in industry, Unlocking the potential for CCS. The Global Outlook was presented outlining three IEA ETP decarbonisation scenarios expanding to 2060: Reference Technology Scenario, 20C Scenario and Beyond 20C Scenario. For the first time, ETP2017 shows how the energy sector could become carbon neutral by 2060 if known technology innovations were pushed to the limit.
Energy on fuel price adjustment for june 2017 2SABC News
The Department of Energy informs the public of the fuel price adjustments for June 2017. South Africa’s fuel prices are adjusted on a monthly basis, informed by international and local factors.
The WRI report, "Can The U.S. Get There From Here?" examines pathways for United States greenhouse gas reductions that can be taken at the federal and state levels using existing authorities.
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2014: Presentationbp
Welcome to the 63rd edition of the BP Statistical Review of World Energy.
Since 1952, the review’s mission has always been to provide objective, global data on energy markets to inform discussion, debate and decision-making. This first snap-shot of the global energy picture in 2013 – together with the historical data that puts today’s information into context – can help us to understand how the world around us is changing.
Global primary energy consumption accelerated in 2013 despite stagnant global economic growth. Consumption and production increased for all fuels, reaching record levels for every fuel type except nuclear power.
The Annual Energy Outlook provides long-term energy projections for the United States. Energy market projections are subject to much uncertainty because many of the events that shape energy markets as well as future developments in technologies, demographics, and resources cannot be foreseen with certainty. To illustrate the importance of key assumptions, This 2019 Energy Outlook and projections includes a Reference case and six side cases that systematically vary important underlying assumptions. the effects of economic assumptions on energy consumption are the High and Low Economic Growth cases, which modify population growth and productivity assumptions throughout the projection period to yield higher or lower compound annual growth rates for U.S. gross domestic product than in the Reference case.
Published by EIA
A new policy on energy transition was commenced in Taiwan to phase out nuclear power and to introduce substantial power generation capacity from renewable sources by 2025. This transition of energy source and structure represents not only great challenges for Taiwan but also immense business opportunities for industrial developed countries.
A PowerPoint presentation used by the International Energy Agency during a public event to unveil a new annual report published by the IEA called the World Energy Investment Report.
Australian energy consumption fell by 1 per cent in 2013–14 to around
5 831 petajoules, despite continued growth in the Australian economy.
Energy productivity (gross domestic product/energy consumption) rose
by 4 per cent.
Growth in energy consumption in the mining, transport and services
sectors was offset by a continued fall in energy use for electricity
generation and manufacturing, as well as by households. Transport
overtook the electricity supply sector as the largest energy user in
2013–14.
Final energy consumption (excludes energy used in energy conversion
activities) rose by 1 per cent in 2013–14.
Oil remained the largest primary energy source in Australia, at 38 per
cent in 2013–14, followed by coal (32 per cent) and natural gas (24 per
cent). Renewables accounted for 6 per cent of Australia’s energy mix.
Use of gas and renewables grew by 2 per cent and 4 per cent
respectively in 2013–14. In contrast, oil consumption fell by 1 per cent
and coal by 5 per cent.
Energy consumption fell in most states and territories in 2013–14.
The annual Energy Outlook reflects our best effort to describe a “most likely” trajectory of the global energy system, based on our views of likely economic and population growth, as well as developments in policy and technology
This 2015 edition updates our view of the likely path of global energy markets to 2035. We make assumptions on changes in policy, technology and the economy, based on extensive internal and external consultations, using a range of analytical tools to build a single “most likely” view.
The Outlook highlights the continuous change in the energy system – the changing fuel mix, the changing patterns of trade – as it adapts to meet the world’s growing energy needs. It also highlights the challenge of delivering energy supplies which are sustainable, secure and affordable. The Outlook emphasizes the role of competition and market forces in driving technology and innovation to help us meet that challenge.
The 65th edition of the BP Statistical Review of World Energy sets out energy data for 2015, revealing a year in which significant long-term trends in both the global demand and supply of energy came to the fore with global energy consumption slowing further and the mix of energy sources shifting towards lower-carbon fuels.
Dr Fatih Birol, Executive Director of the International Energy Agency, spoke at the EU-US Business to Business Energy Forum in Brussels on May 2, 2019, about the global LNG trade.
Australian energy consumption rose by 1 per cent in 2014–15 to around
5,920 petajoules, following two years of consecutive decline.
Energy productivity (gross domestic product/energy consumption) rose by
1 per cent in 2014–15, and has increased by 28 per cent over the past 15
years.
Most of the growth in energy use was for electricity generation, reflecting
increased demand for electricity and a switch in the generation mix towards
coal (which has a lower efficiency than renewables).
Transport, which is the second largest energy use in Australia, continued
to grow steadily by 1 per cent.
For the first time in more than a decade, energy use in the mining sector
fell in 2014–15. This decline in energy use occurred across the sector,
despite general growth in output, and reflects cost cutting measures and
adoption of less energy-intensive technologies.
Energy use also fell in the manufacturing sector, mainly in non-ferrous
metals, underpinned by some large industrial closures such as the Gove
alumina refinery, Point Henry aluminium smelter and the Kurnell petroleum
refinery.
Final energy consumption, which excludes energy used in energy
conversion activities such as electricity generation and petroleum refining,
was flat in 2014–15.
Oil remained the largest primary energy source in Australia, at 38 per cent
in 2014–15, followed by coal (32 per cent) and natural gas (24 per cent).
Renewables accounted for 6 per cent of Australia’s energy mix.
After five years of decline, coal use rose by 3 per cent in 2014–15, although
consumption is still around 20 per cent lower than its peak in 2008–09.
Use of gas and renewables grew by 1 and 2 per cent, respectively. Oil
consumption fell by 1 per cent. The closure of domestic petroleum refining
capacity outweighed increased end use for transport and electricity
generation.
This was the first webinar in the series of two. It presented the IEA comprehensive analysis on the opportunities and challenges of scaling and accelerating the deployment of clean energy technologies to achieve climate, energy security and economic goals focusing on the power and industry sectors as well as the role of CCS. The following chapters of the report were presented: Transforming electricity systems; Infrastructure for electricity system transformation; Advancing the low carbon transition in industry, Unlocking the potential for CCS. The Global Outlook was presented outlining three IEA ETP decarbonisation scenarios expanding to 2060: Reference Technology Scenario, 20C Scenario and Beyond 20C Scenario. For the first time, ETP2017 shows how the energy sector could become carbon neutral by 2060 if known technology innovations were pushed to the limit.
Energy on fuel price adjustment for june 2017 2SABC News
The Department of Energy informs the public of the fuel price adjustments for June 2017. South Africa’s fuel prices are adjusted on a monthly basis, informed by international and local factors.
The WRI report, "Can The U.S. Get There From Here?" examines pathways for United States greenhouse gas reductions that can be taken at the federal and state levels using existing authorities.
Intro to OSGi – the Microservices kernel - P Kriens & T Wardmfrancis
If you are new to OSGi, or have heard about it or experienced (good or bad) a little of OSGi then this is the talk for you.
Peter Kriens, the OSGi Alliance Evangelist and Tim Ward, co-author of Enterprise OSGi in Action will provide a high level technical introduction to OSGi, covering the core concepts that make up this standard.
OSGi has been around since 1998 and was formerly JSR8. Today its one of the only Java standards that exist outside of the JCP and this talk will explore the original objectives of OSGi and how they have remained true while being extended to apply across many vertical markets including enterprise, embedded / IoT, etc.
Microservices and OSGi. From the outset OSGi promoted a ‘services-first’ approach, initially within the JVM, and in the last few years, across JVM’s with the Distributed OSGi specifications. The Microservices approach has been gaining industry traction over the last 12 months and Peter and Tim will explain how OSGi provides you with a standards-based solution to Microservices, how simple it is to take advantage of, and the benefits that you can achieve by adopting OSGi to realize it.
They will also highlight some of the common misconceptions and challenges that people have when starting out with OSGi, just so you have a full and frank understanding of the many benefits and some of the hurdles you may encounter as you start down the OSGi path. As they say there is no such thing as a free lunch, however it tastes mighty fine once you get there!
Bios:
Peter Kriens
Peter Kriens is an independent consultant since 1990.He currently works for the OSGi Alliance and Paremus. During the eighties he developed advanced distributed systems for newspapers based on microcomputers based on, at the time very novel, object oriented technologies. For this experience in Objects he was hired by a number of international companies, including Adobe, Intel, Ericsson, IBM, and many others. During his work at Ericsson Research in 1998 he got involved with the OSGi specification; Later he became the primary editor for these specifications. In 2005 he was awarded the OSGi Fellows title. After taking a sabbatical in 2012 to develop jpm4j he returned to the OSGi Alliance to help increasing adoption. He is Dutch but decided to live in France.
Tim Ward
Tim is a Senior Consulting Engineer and Trainer at Paremus, a co-author of Enterprise OSGi in Action, and has been actively working with OSGi for over six years. Tim has been a regular participant in the OSGi Core Platform and Enterprise Expert Groups, and led the development of several specifications, including OSGi Promises and Asynchronous Services. Tim is also an active Open Source committer and a PMC member in the Apache Aries project, which provides a container for enterprise OSGi applications.
Tim is a regular conference speaker, and can often be found at JavaOne, Devoxx, OSGi DevCon, OSGi Community Event, EclipseCon, Jazoon and JAX London.
Prosposal ini berisi tentang hasil pengamatan sekelompok mahasiswa mengenai tingkat pencemaran udara yang ada di kota Batu, yang dilaksanakan pada tahun 2014...
Breast Cancer Awareness Month 2019 in October - Fight Against Breast Cancer! ...Super Professeur
Breast Cancer Awareness Month 2019 in October - Fight Against Breast Cancer and raise funds!
Supported by Ronald Tintin, the project Ronning Against Cancer, Super Professeur , Olivia Koryczan, Marina Nival, Claudia Barros Gameiro,
Peggy-Laure Hernandez, Le Journal Intime de Sublima, Eleonore Julier, Florine Cornilleau, Eve Bieuvelet, Lyna Hussein, Btecem Riche, Les Aventures de Ronald Tintin,Sandrine Ghono, Clotilde Gimond, mobile.superprofesseur.com
October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month, a worldwide annual campaign involving thousands of organisations, to highlight the importance of breast awareness, education and research.
Ronald Tintin, Founder of the projet “Ronning Against Cancer”
“ Together, we can get rid of cancer; we are not alone. Together, we are stronger.”
What is Breast Cancer Awareness Month ?
October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month, a worldwide annual campaign involving thousands of organisations, to highlight the importance of breast awareness, education and research.
Why Breast Cancer Awareness Month is important ?
.
http://www.ronningagainstcancer.xyz/31.html
http://www.ronningagainstcancer.xyz
http://www.superprofesseur.com
http://www.ronaldtintin.com
http://www.lesaventuresderonaldtintin.com
https://youtu.be/CwwnfVXrfa8
http://www.mobile.ronningagainstcancer.xyz
http://www.mobile.superprofesseur.com
Anti-patterns for collaborative work and getting design done.
This is a version of a talk that we gave at the Service Design Global Conference 2016 (Amsterdam). The conference theme was "business as unusual", so we took a bit of a subversive approach. We described some simple techniques for sabotaging products, services, and whole organisations... and then turned it all on its head with a description of the anti-problem activity.
The 2015 edition of the BP Statistical Review of World Energy, launched today, highlights how significant changes in global energy production and consumption have had profound implications for prices, for the global fuel mix, and for global carbon dioxide emissions. The 64th annual edition of the Statistical Review highlights the continuing importance of the US shale revolution, with the US overtaking Saudi Arabia as the world’s biggest oil producer and surpassing Russia as the world’s largest producer of oil and gas.
A white paper from America's Natural Gas Alliance (ANGA) encouraging the Obama Dept. of Energy to get off its collective rear-end and approve a host of proposed LNG export terminals that it has delayed approving. ANGA says this is an opportunity that if lost, we won't see again.
A study released by the analysts at consulting firm Deloitte that looks at the top issues facing the oil and gas sector. The study finds that within the next 5-6 years surging shale oil and natural gas production in the U.S. will "cut deeply" into OPEC's influence on setting world oil prices.
Since 1952, the review’s mission has always been to provide objective, global data on energy markets to inform discussion, debate and decision-making. This first snap-shot of the global energy picture in 2013 – together with the historical data that puts today’s information into context – can help us to understand how the world around us is changing.
Aranca views - Shale Gas - the Next Cradle of Energy?Aranca
As of 2013, recoverable shale gas resources account for nearly one third of the total gas energy resources of the world. The article highlights US, Europe, China, Canada & GCC region's shale gas statistics, impacts & consumption.
BP's annual report characterizing current and predicted future energy usage across the planet. BP looks at not only oil and gas, but renewables, nuclear, hydro and other sources as well. BP predicts natgas consumption will continue to grow.
The U.S. Energy Information Administration performs an annual comprehensive review of all sources of energy used in the U.S., and they take their best guess at where supply and demand--and prices--will go in the near- and long-term (to 2040 for this report). The EIA employs some of the best brains in the business and of all the government agencies, the EIA is least susceptible to political manipulation by The White House.
The PA Gas Outlook Report is published annually by the PA Public Utility Commission. The report summarizes the financial and supply data for PA's natural gas distribution companies (NGDCs) and looks at changes and trends in the natural gas market, including usage, financial status of utilities, and market pricing.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
2. NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014 2
Market impacts from
increased oil and natural gas
production
3. The U.S. has experienced a rapid increase in natural gas and oil
production from shale and other tight resources
3
Sources: EIA derived from state administrative data collected by DrillingInfo Inc. Data are through June 2014 and represent
EIA’s official tight oil & shale gas estimates, but are not survey data. State abbreviations indicate primary state(s).
NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014
4. U.S. is the largest producer of petroleum and natural gas in the world
NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014 4
estimated U.S., Russia, and Saudi Arabia petroleum and natural gas production
quadrillion Btu million barrels per day of oil equivalent
United States
Russia
Saudi Arabia
petro-
leum
natural
gas
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014e
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration
Note: Petroleum production includes crude oil, natural gas liquids, condensates, refinery processing gain, and other
liquids, including biofuels; barrels per day oil equivalent were calculated using a conversion factor of 1 barrel oil
equivalent=5.55 million British thermal units (Btu)
5. Natural gas surpasses coal as the largest generation source more
quickly under high oil and gas resource assumptions
billion kilowatthours
Source: Annual Energy Outlook 2014 Early Release and Preliminary side cases
NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014 5
History Projections
coal
natural gas
2012
6. NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014 6
Implications of zero/low
electricity demand growth
7. In EIA’s AEO2014 Reference Case, growth in electricity use
slows, but still increases by 29% from 2012 to 2040
percent growth
(3-year compounded annual growth rate)
Source: EIA, Annual Energy Outlook 2014
7
History
Projections
2012
electricity
use
GDP
Annual Growth
Period Electricity use GDP
1950s 9.8 4.1
1960s 7.3 4.4
1970s 4.7 3.2
1980s 2.9 3.0
1990s 2.4 3.2
2000-2012 0.7 1.8
2013-2040 0.9 2.4
NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014
8. More fossil capacity is retired in the Low Growth case
8
NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014
Source: EIA, Annual Energy Outlook 2014
Coal
Natural Gas/Oil
Nuclear
Renewable / Other
U.S. electric power sector capacity retirements
gigawatts (cumulative)
Reference case Low Growth case
9. Capacity additions decline dramatically in the Low Growth case
9
NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014
U.S. electricity generation capacity additions
gigawatts
Source: EIA, Annual Energy Outlook 2014
Reference case
Low Growth case
Capacity under
construction is still
assumed
completed
Projected renewable builds primarily occur in the
buildings sector, power sector builds are much
lower and are primarily natural gas-fired
History Projections
History Projections
2012
2012
10. Projected end-use electricity prices are lower in the Low Growth case
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Average end-use electricity price, all sectors
2012 cents per kilowatthour
Source: EIA, Annual Energy Outlook 2014
NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014 10
2012
History Projections
Reference case
Low Growth case
11. NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014 11
Findings from EIA’s updated
Commercial Buildings Energy
Consumption Survey (CBECS)
12. The CBECS building population is diverse and smaller building
types are the most common
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July 24, 2014 12
13. New commercial buildings are larger, on average, than old
commercial buildings
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July 24, 2014 13
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Before
1920
1920 to
1945
1946 to
1959
1960 to
1969
1970 to
1979
1980 to
1989
1990 to
1999
2000 to
2003
2004 to
2007
2008 to
2012
Average building size by year constructed
Thousand ft2
Before 1960:
Average = 12,000 ft2
1960 to 1999:
Average = 16,300 ft2
2000 to 2012:
Average = 19,100 ft2
14. Buildings over 100,000 square feet make up only about 2% of the
building count but about 35% of the total floorspace
NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014 14
49.9%
9.2%
22.1%
10.2%
15.9%
16.3%
6.0%
13.8%
3.6%
16.0%
1.6%
14.2%
0.7%
12.3%
0.1%
8.1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Percent of total
commercial buildings
Percent of total
commercial floorspace
Over 500,000
200,001 to 500,000
100,001 to 200,000
50,001 to 100,000
25,001 to 50,000
10,001 to 25,000
5,001 to 10,000
1,001 to 5,000
Size of buildings (ft2)
15. About half the building types show an increase in the number of
buildings from 2003 to 2012
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July 24, 2014 15
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200
Food sales (*)
Mercantile
Service
Education
Lodging
Religious worship
Public order and safety
Health care
Office (**)
Public assembly (*)
Food service (**)
Warehouse and storage (*)
Other (**)
Vacant (**)
Number of buildings (thousand)
2003 CBECS
2012 CBECS
in order of largest to smallest relative growth from 2003 to 2012
(*) indicates change is statistically significant at the 90% confidence level
(**) indicates change is statistically significant at the 90% and 95% confidence levels
Warehouse and storage (*)
Mercantile
16. NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014 16
Growth scenarios for renewables
17. U.S. production grows rapidly, particularly natural gas,
renewables, and liquids in the near term
17
U.S. energy production
quadrillion Btu
Source: EIA, Annual Energy Outlook 2014 Early Release
History Projections2012
26%
21%
31%
11%
10%
22%
38%
20%
12%
8%
Nuclear
Crude oil and natural gas plant liquids
Natural gas
Coal
Renewables
2025
23%
24%
34%
11%
8%
2040
NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014
18. What do EIA’s Annual Energy Outlook 2014 projections say about
the role of renewable electricity in the generation mix?
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July 24, 2014 18
Net generation by fuel source in the AEO2014 Reference case
billion kilowatthours
Source: EIA, Annual Energy Outlook
non-hydro
renewables
hydropower
petroleum
and other
nuclear
natural gas
coal
19. Projected renewable generation market shares vary significantly
under alternative assumptions
Renewable share of electricity generation in eight cases
billion kilowatthours
Source: EIA, Annual Energy Outlook 2014
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July 24, 2014 19
20. Uncertainty in renewable projections is skewed to the upside of
the Reference case
U.S. non-hydro renewable electricity generation in eight cases (2005-40)
billion kilowatthours
Source: EIA, Annual Energy Outlook 2014
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21. NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014 21
How EIA helps to provide
information on current
energy issues
22. NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014 22
The United States exported 268,000 barrels per day (b/d) of crude oil in April (the
latest data available from the U.S. Census Bureau), the highest level of exports in 15
years. Exports have increased sharply since the start of 2013 and have exceeded
200,000 b/d in five of the past six months. The increase in crude exports is largely the
result of rising U.S. crude production, which was 8.2 million b/d in March.
Crude exports
23. NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014 23
On November 15, 2013, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released its Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for the
2014 Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS). The RFS program, established by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 and later
expanded by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA07), requires EPA to set annual requirements for
the renewable content of liquid fuels that may differ from a set of targets specified by law. The U.S. Energy Information
Administration is required by the RFS provisions in EISA07 to provide EPA with information related to the projected use
of motor gasoline and diesel fuel and the supply of various categories of biofuels in the month prior to issuance of EPA's
final RFS rulemaking for each program year.
Biofuels
24. NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014 24
Propane is produced from natural gas at processing plants and from crude oil at refineries. Propane
produced from natural gas has been the fastest-growing component of overall U.S. propane supply.
Propane production in the United States has set record highs on an almost weekly basis in 2013 as a
result of increased oil and natural gas drilling. A record corn crop harvest has increased the demand for
propane (shown in the graph above as product supplied) in the central United States. Expanded
propane production met this agricultural demand, while continuing to supply other markets.
Propane
25. NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014 25
EIA data and market reports on propane, heating oil, biofuels,
oil and natural gas
• Propane, Heating Oil, Gasoline and Diesel
o Weekly Petroleum Status Report and This Week in Petroleum
o State Heating Oil and Propane Program (SHOPP)
o Heating Oil and Propane Update (October – March)
• EIA will be reporting propane inventory data in the Midwest below the PADD level, by
single state where possible. In addition to posting weekly stocks data on the website, EIA
will communicate directly with Governors’ designees when stocks are below the five year
average for three consecutive weeks.
• Ethanol and Biodiesel
o Ethanol production and refiner/blender inputs
o Biodiesel Monthly Biodiesel Production Report
o Trade imports and exports of biofuel/renewable fuel
• Crude Oil and Refined Product Trade
o Crude Oil and Refined Product Imports and Exports
• Natural Gas Trade
o Natural Gas – Imports and Exports by Pipeline and as LNG
o DOE Office of Fossil Energy handles natural gas export applications
26. For more information
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July 24, 2014 26
U.S. Energy Information Administration home page | www.eia.gov
Annual Energy Outlook | www.eia.gov/aeo
Short-Term Energy Outlook | www.eia.gov/steo
International Energy Outlook | www.eia.gov/ieo
Monthly Energy Review | www.eia.gov/mer
Today in Energy | www.eia.gov/todayinenergy
State Energy Portal | www.eia.gov/state
Drilling Productivity Report | www.eia.gov/petroleum/drilling/
28. EIAAnalysis on Crude Oil Markets
• Work is underway on the following aspects of relevance to
policymakers:
– changes in pipeline systems to accommodate changing crude and product
flows and movements of oil by rail
– refinery utilization by crude type and downstream investment options to
accommodate a changing production mix
– the relationships linking crude prices to refined product prices and product
prices across different trading hubs
• EIA released its first forecast of oil production by crude type
• EIA has also proposed the expansion of an existing monthly
natural gas production survey to include crude oil and
condensate by gravity
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29. CBECS provides essential, unique information
• The CBECS is the only independent, statistically representative source
of national-level data on the characteristics and energy use of
commercial buildings*
• Mandated by Congress, it has been conducted periodically since
1979; this is the first reported data since the 2003 survey; the 2007
survey did not provide valid results
• CBECS data are the backbone of the Energy Star ratings at EPA, and
are used by EERE for a variety of programs
• The 2012 CBECS is in its final stage of data collection; EIA is
gathering usage data from energy providers across the country
• This briefing provides initial data about building characteristics;
consumption and expenditures data will be available next year
• Since 2007, CBECS also collects water usage information
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July 24, 2014 29
*Commercial buildings must contain 50 percent or more commercial activity (i.e., not residential, industrial, or
agricultural) and be larger than 1,000 ft2
30. NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014 30
• U.S. coal plants under economic pressure - low natural gas prices , slow
electricity demand growth
• The Annual Energy Outlook 2014 (AEO2014) Reference Case projects
that 60 GW will retire by 2020 (including retirements that have already
been reported); retirement decisions based on relative economics and
regulatory environment of electricity markets
• Coal plants are subject to the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS)
- requires significant reduction in mercury, acid gases, and toxic metals emissions
- scheduled to take effect in April 2015, or April 2016 with extensions
- 90% of retirements are projected to occur by the first full year of MATS
enforcement
- MATS compliance - all coal plants must have flue gas desulfurization equipment
(scrubbers) or dry sorbent injection systems installed by 2016
• End of 2012: 1,308 coal units, 310 GW (after 10.2 GW retirements = 3.2%
of the 2011 total)
AEO2014 projects more coal-fired power plant retirements by
2016 than have been scheduled
31. Key takeaways on coal/natural gas substitution in power
generation
• Coal-to-gas switching in recent years has been driven by lower natural gas prices resulting from
rapid growth in shale gas production, inflexible coal prices, and high availability of generating
capacity given stagnant electricity demand
– At the national level, April 2012 marked a milestone: gas-fired and coal-fired electric power
generation levels were identical for the first time ever.
– The intensity of gas-on-coal competition varies by region depending on relative delivered
fuel prices, the available capacity mix and its utilization, and the status of coal contracts; the
Southeast region saw the most switching towards dispatch of gas-fired units in 2012
• In the AEO Reference case, factors such as MATS compliance, stagnant nuclear capacity growth,
and increased generation from renewables contribute to natural gas overtaking coal as the leading
fuel for electric power generation on an annual basis by 2035; the projected crossover comes
much sooner, almost immediately, in cases with different assumptions about resources or policies
• Given the fuel prices projected in the AEO Reference case, existing coal units that are not retired
for MATS compliance are projected to be fully utilized. In scenarios with lower relative gas prices,
coal-to-gas switching reduces projected coal generation in some regions. While scenarios with
higher relative gas prices increase projected reliance on renewables and nuclear, they do not
appreciably increase projected coal-fired generation from Reference case levels.
NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014 31
32. What might a low electricity demand growth future look like?
• Assumptions used to achieve low electricity demand growth:
– Applied best available technology to buildings, and layered on greater industrial
motor efficiency
– Assumptions are technically achievable but not necessarily cost-effective at this time
• Shifts in demand are accompanied by changes in patterns of
investment and prices
– Consumers spend less for electricity, and utility bill savings nearly balance
households’ increased costs for more efficient equipment, insulation, etc.
– From 2012-2040, electricity generation capacity additions decline by about 50%
relative to the AEO2014 Reference case, while retirements of fossil fuel-fired
capacity more than double relative to the AEO2014 Reference case
– Lower marginal energy prices in competitive wholesale electricity markets, relative to
the AEO2014 Reference case
– Declines in residential electricity generation prices are partially offset by near-term
increases in transmission and distribution prices
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33. TheAEO2014 includes an analysis of renewable projections by
varying key assumptions, including policy
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July 24, 2014 33
Key uncertainties
Relevant AEO2014
side cases
Technology
uncertainty
How much will it cost to build and
operate a renewable generation
facility?
Low Renewable
Technology Cost
Policy Uncertainty Will current policies be extended?
Will new policies be enacted?
No Sunset
GHG25
Macroeconomic and
Price Uncertainty
Will natural gas prices increase more
than currently projected in the
Reference case?
Could the economy (GDP) grow faster
or slower than the average of 2.4% per
year assumed in the Reference case?
High/Low Oil and
Gas Resource
High/Low
Macroeconomic
Growth
34. Expanded EIA-914 proposal
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• Current oil and gas production data is necessary to address
questions about the very rapid changes occurring in quantity and
quality of domestic output
• Collect monthly data on oil and natural gas production and associated
API gravity from operators in 19 states and Federal GOM
• Anticipated benefits of 914 expansion
– Improves EIA’s reporting: timeliness, transparency, coverage (more states),
informs upstream discussions/analyses, reduces estimation errors in statistical
models
– Respondent burden expected to be modest: roughly 500 respondents out of a
10,000-12,000 producer universe; electronic (web portal) interface
• Inadequacy of existing tools
– GWPC National Gateway, even with EIA help, is still subject to the same state
lags and consistency limitations
– EIA Drilling Productivity Report (DPR) is an estimate based on a set of
assumptions, not a survey of actual production trends
35. EIA-914 expansion will add 20 states/areas to oil and 14 states
to current coverage of natural gas
NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014 35
Lower 48 states
expanded survey
coverage:
• Natural gas: 92%
• Oil: 89%
36. EIA product highlight: State Energy Portal
NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014 36
• EIA’s State Energy Portal gives users
detailed portraits of energy production,
consumption, and energy prices at the
state level
• The State Energy Portal features
almost 90 key data series, state Quick
Facts, and charts for each state
• State Energy Portal
www.eia.gov/state
37. EIA adjusts social media tools to meet state needs
37
NGA Governors' Advisors Energy Policy Institute
July 24, 2014