This document discusses nonrenewable energy sources such as fossil fuels and nuclear energy. It notes that nonrenewable sources provide the vast majority of the world's commercial energy but are in fixed supply and contribute to problems like air pollution and global warming. Specific fossil fuels discussed include oil, natural gas, coal, and peat. Coal produces a large percentage of global electricity but also contributes greatly to global warming. Nuclear energy produces electricity through fission but poses challenges of controlling intense energy, disposing of nuclear waste, and potential terrorist threats. The document suggests individual actions to reduce fossil fuel usage such as decreasing car usage, improving home energy efficiency, and supporting renewable energy.
this presentation deals with the formation, depletion, conservation of various sources of energy. it also includes the various advantages and disadvantages of the sources.
Geo is very important information about geological life and environment so this PPT presentation is very crucial and give me information about geological survey
this presentation deals with the formation, depletion, conservation of various sources of energy. it also includes the various advantages and disadvantages of the sources.
Geo is very important information about geological life and environment so this PPT presentation is very crucial and give me information about geological survey
This course introduces renewable energy technologies. Emphasizes exploration of principles and concepts as well as the application of renewable energy technologies (RET). Explores topics such as energy consumption, the prose and cons of renewable energy, energy production and cons, energy conversion, environmental issues and concerns
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Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
4. Things to DoThis week
• Feedback on Discussion Board 6-1
• Discussion Board 7-1
• Final paper
• Presentation II due in week 8
5. Why Should You Care About
Nonrenewable Energy?
Nonrenewable energy resources
- Exist in a fixed quantity
- Oil, natural gas, coal & uranium
- Cannot be renewed
- 87% of world's commercial energy
- 92% of U.S. energy
- Air pollution kills 1 million people (68,000 in U.S.)
- CO2 from burning contributes to global warming
7. Nonrenewable Fossil Fuels
Fossil fuels formed from ancient plants
- 81% of world, 83% of U.S. energy
- Not replaceable in human time scale
- Requires hundreds of millions of years
- Energy cannot be reused
- Easiest deposits used first
- Cost typically increase as depleted
8. Oil
One of the most useful
materials in nature
- From organisms 100-500
million years old
- Most easy oil already
used
- Current high tech
tapping difficult oil
- Hydraulic fracturing
- Environmental costs
uncertain
- Important for energy but
also materials
- Plastic, paint,
pesticide, fabrics, medicines
- 34% of world, 37% of
U.S. energy
- Oil not distributed evenly
in world
10. Natural Gas
Mixture of gas mostly
methane (CH4)
- Fuel for heating and
cooking, other uses
- Used in gas turbine
to produce electricity
- Formed above oil
deposits
- Fracking accesses
new gas
- Largest reserves
- Russia 24%
- Iran 16%
- Qatar 14%
11. Coal
Very high heat and pressure
- Rocklike mostly carbon material
- Impurities sulfur and mercury
- Produces 40% of world electricity
- 41% world electricity, 45% U.S., 80% China
- Used to make iron, steel and other products
- World's most abundant fossil fuel
- U.S. 28%, Russia 18%, China 13%
- Very large reserves will last long time
- Contributes greatly to global warming
12. Figure 6-9 p152
Stepped Art
Peat
(not a coal)
Lignite
(brown coal)
Bituminous
(soft coal)
Antracite
(hard coal)
Partially decayed
plant matter found
in bogs
Low heat, low sulfur,
not widely distributed
High heat, usually high
sulfur, abundant and
widely used
High heat, low sulfur,
limited supplies
Heat
Pressure
Heat
Pressure
Increasing moisture content
Increasing heat and carbon content
13. Nuclear Energy
Nuclear fission is source of energy
- Energy released in nuclear reactor
- Produces electricity
- Heat boils water and spins generator
- Three primary problems
- Intense energy hard to control
- Nuclear waste disposal difficult
- Possible target and use by terrorists
14. What Would You Do?
What can individuals do to reduce use of fossil fuels?
- Reduce car use
- Walk, bike, share rides, mass transit
- Plug-in hybrids and electric cars
- Eat less meat
- Home insulation
- Energy efficient heating, cooling & lighting
- Buy locally
- Recycling
- Encourage renewable energy by paying for it
Editor's Notes
Figure 6.1 These charts show the mix of commercial energy resources used in 2010, in the world (left) and in the United States (right). (Data from U.S. Department of Energy, British Petroleum, Worldwatch Institute, and International Energy Agency)
Figure 6.4 Energy producers use horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (fracking) to remove conventional oil and natural gas that is dispersed and held tightly in shale rock found in the United States and in several other countries.
Figure 6.9 Coal forms in stages over millions of years. Each of these types of coal gives off a certain amount of heat when burned, along with carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and small particles of carbon (soot) and toxic mercury.
