The document discusses various sociological perspectives on society, focusing on the role of conflict, ideas, and technology. It categorizes societies into different types, such as hunting and gathering, horticultural, agricultural, industrial, and post-industrial, highlighting their characteristics and developmental history. Additionally, it explains terms like nomadic and sedentary societies, and introduces the concept of 'McDonaldization' in contemporary social structures.

1. SOCIETY
Compiled by:
Rana Zahid Zulfiqar
PhD Scholar Sociology
Government College University, Faisalabad.
Visiting Lecturer Sociology, Bahauddin
Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
ranazahidzulfiqar@gmail.com

2. SOCIETY
Marx: Society is all
about social
conflict that arises
as people work
within an
economic system
to produce
material goods.
Weber: the power of
ideas shapes society.
Weber contrasted the
traditional thinking of
simple societies with
the rational thought
that dominates complex
societies today.
Durkheim: See
the diriment
ways that
traditional and
modern
societies hang
together.

3. SOCIETY
• Society refers to
people who
interact in a
defined territory
and share a
culture.

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIETY
1.Likeness 2. Differences
3. Inter-dependency 4.Cooperation
5. Conflict 6. Larger group
7. Web of social relationship
8. Permanent nature
9. Society is abstract
10. Society is dynamic
11. Comprehensive culture
12. Limited territory

5. GERHARD LENSKI: SOCIETY AND
TECHNOLOGY
It describe how
technological
development has
shaped the history
of human
societies.
Lenshki uses the
term sociocultural
evolution to mean
changes that occur
as a society gains
new technology.

6. TYPES OF SOCIETIES
HUNTING
AND
GATHERING
HORTICULTU
R AND
PASTORAL
AGRICULTURE
INDUSTRIAL
POST
INDUTRIAL

7. HUNTING AND GATHERING
IN THE SIMPLEST OF ALL SOCIETIES,
PEROPLE LIVE BY HUNTING AND
GATHERING, MAING USE OF SIMPLE TOOLS
TO HUNT ANIMALS AND GATHER
VEGETALION FOR FOOD. IT WAS THE
PERIOD OF 3 MILLION YEARS AGE UNTILL
ABOUT 12000 YEARS AGO, ALL HUMANS
WERE HUNTERS AND GATHERERS. EVEN IN
1800, MANY HUNTING-AND-GATHERING
SOCIETIES COULD BE FOUND AROUND THE
WORLD. BUT TODAY JAST A FEW REMAIN
INCLUDEING THE AKA AND PYGMIES OF
CENTRAL AFRICAL, THE BUSHMEN OF
SOUTHWESTERN AFRICA, ETC.

8. CHARACTERISTICS OF HUNTING AND
GATHERING SOCIETIES
Little ability to control their environment
Spend most of their time looking for game and collecting plants to eat.
Nomadic
Depend on the family to obtain and distribute food, to protect its
members and teach their children about life.
Spent most of the time in searching next meal.

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF HUNTING AND
GATHERING SOCIETIES
Majority of the work performed by young people,
whereas old and younger helped them.
Women gathered vegetation
They have a Shamans/ spiritual person who
enjoyed a high prestige but has to work to find
food like everyone else.
Used simple weapons (the spear, bow and arrow
and stone knife).

10. HORTICULTURE AND PASTORAL
SOCIETIES
Some 10000 to 12000 years age, a new technology began
to change the lives of human beings. People developed to
change the lives of human beings. People developed
horticulture , the use of hand tools to raise crops. Using a
hoe t o work the soil and digging stick to punch holes in
the ground to plant seeds may not seem like something
that would change the world, but these inventions
allowed people to give up gathering in favor of growing
food for themselves.
They started to breed the animals properly as well.

11. HORTICULTURE AND PASTORAL
SOCIETIES

12. HORTICULTURE AND PASTORAL
SOCIETIES
Today, societies that mix horticulture and pastoralism can
be found throughout South America, Africa and Asia.
Horticulturalist more likely to believe on One God
The pastoral roots of Judaism, Christianity and
Muslims.

13. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES
About 5000 years age, another revolution in technology
was taking place in the Middle East, one that would end
up changing life of Earth. This was the emergence of
agriculture, large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed
to animals or more powerful energy sources. So,
important was the invention of the animals or more
powerful energy sources. So important was he invention
of the animal-drawn plow, along with other
breakthroughs of the period-including irrigation, the
wheel, writing, numbers and the use of various metals-
that this moment in history is often called the “dawn of
civilization”.

14. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES

15. INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
Dominated by machines and advanced technologies to produce
and distribute foods and services.
Industrial revolution processed began in Britain and then spread
through Europe and to the rest of the world, industrial societies
started to develop.
The growth of technologies led to advances in farming techniques,
so slavery lost its significance, economy developed quickly and
understanding of social charity and governments’ aid grew up.

16. INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

17. INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
Two classed emerged
•workers
•(ii) Non-workers.
Karl Marx explained that non
workers are composing capitalist
class and they hold all money
and also set up rules.

19. POSTINDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
The countries that the industrial
revolution began, Britain, French,
USA and Japan- now became the
postindustrial countries. These
countries are users of advance
technologies like developed
computers, satellites, microchips.

20. POSTINDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

21. FORMS OF PAKISTANI SOCIETIES
NOMADIC
SEDENT
ARY
TRADITIONAL
MODERN
RURAL
URBAN

22. NOMADIC SOCIETY
Nomadic society has no
permanent place of
settlement. The people move
from one place to another
with their luggage on the
backs of camels, horses and
donkeys in search of fodder
and water for their animals
and food for themselves. They
have no hereditary property.

24. CHARACTERISTICS OF NOMADIC
SOCIETY
The population is very small, usually not more than 100.
Continuous Geographic mobility
Absence of ownership
Traditional way of living
Strict social norms
Local culture
Animal husbandry, labor and small cottage industry are the major occupation
Resistance to social change

25. CHARACTERISTICS OF SEDENTARY
SOCIETY
Permanent
settlement
Transfer of
ancestral
land
Stratified
social
change
Presence of
sub culture
Presence of
tribal group
Low
geographical
mobility
Social
reforms

26. TRADITIONAL SOCIETY
Traditional is that society which has
informal and simple social institutions.
Traditional cultural values are prevailed
in this society. Means of
communication and transportation are
very slow and old. Social change are
gradual take place and almost invisible.

27. TRADITIONAL SOCIETY

28. CHARATERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL
SOCIETY
HOMOGEOUS
PROFESSION
NON-INDUSTRIAL
STRUCTURE
SIMPLE
ECONOMIC
INSTITUTIONS
SIMPLE WAY OF
LIVING
KACHA TRACKS AND
ROADS
LACK OFMODERN
COMMUNICATION
FACILITIES
SLOW SOCIAL
INTERACTION

29. CHARATERISTICS OF MODERN SOCIETY
ADVANCE INDUSTRY AND TECHNOLOGY
URBANIZATION
HIGH POPULATION PRESSURE
SUB SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS (TUITION ACADEMIES, PRIVATE SCHOOLS, COLLEGES, UNIVERSITIES)
JOB OPPORTUNITIES
BETTER ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
URBAN FACILITIES
SOURCES OF COMMUNICATION
SOCIAL MOBILITY
INTERNATIONAL RELATION
HIGH DEGREE OF CRIME RATE
HGH WOMEN STATUS

30. MODERN SOCIETY

31. CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL SOCIETY
OPEN SETTLEMENT
MUD CONSTRUCTED HOUSES
AGRICULTURE
INFORMAL SOCIAL NORMS
INFORMAL SOCIAL INTERACTION
INFORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL
LOW LITERACY RATE
GRADUAL SOCIAL CHANGE
ATTACHMENT WITH RELIGION
POOR URBAN FACILITIES

32. RURAL SOCIETY

33. CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN SOCIETY
DESNE
SETTLEMENT
PATTERN
PAKKA
HOUSES
URBAN
FACILITIES
FORMAL
SOCIAL
INERACTION
FORMAL
SOCIAL
INTERACTION
FORMAL
GROUP LIFE
DIVISION OF
LABOR

34. URBAN SOCIETY

35. McDonaldization of society
• McDonaldization of society is a phenomenon
that occurs when society, its institutions, and
its organizations are adapted to have the same
characteristics that are found in fast-food
chains. These include efficiency, calculability,
predictability and standardization, and
control.

38. McDonaldization of society

39. THANK YOU