This document provides an overview of spur gears, including their classification, terminology, and characteristics. It begins by defining gears and classifying them into different types based on how their shafts connect. It then focuses on spur gears, describing their key features such as teeth being parallel to the axis and imposing radial loads. The document outlines important gear tooth terminology like pitch circle, pressure angle, addendum, and dedendum. It also defines concepts like path of contact, length of contact, and arc of contact that are important for understanding gear engagement and operation.
DESIGN ANALYSIS OF UNIVERSAL JOINT SHAFT FOR ROLLING MILLSSughosh Deshmukh
The properties of steels made by rolling of billets
are mainly dependent on the process of forming. The
performance of the rolling mill depends on the Universal
joint shaft through which the power is transmitted to the
rollers of a mill. This report mainly focuses on the
analysis of universal joint shaft for rolling mills because this
shaft is subjected to vibrations caused due to the jerk
produced during the passing of billet through the rollers.
,
diploma mechanical engineering
,
mechanical engineering
,
machine design
,
design of machine elements
,
knuckle joint
,
failures of knuckle joint under different streses
,
fork end
,
single eye end
,
knuckle pin
This presentation contains basic idea regarding spur gear and provides the best equations for designing of spur gear. One can Easily understand all the parameters required to design a Spur Gear
A simple description about spigot and socket joint which is known as cotter joint. It's a part of MDID (Machine Designing and Industrial Drafting) Subject in mechanical engg. GTU for semester 4th.
DESIGN ANALYSIS OF UNIVERSAL JOINT SHAFT FOR ROLLING MILLSSughosh Deshmukh
The properties of steels made by rolling of billets
are mainly dependent on the process of forming. The
performance of the rolling mill depends on the Universal
joint shaft through which the power is transmitted to the
rollers of a mill. This report mainly focuses on the
analysis of universal joint shaft for rolling mills because this
shaft is subjected to vibrations caused due to the jerk
produced during the passing of billet through the rollers.
,
diploma mechanical engineering
,
mechanical engineering
,
machine design
,
design of machine elements
,
knuckle joint
,
failures of knuckle joint under different streses
,
fork end
,
single eye end
,
knuckle pin
This presentation contains basic idea regarding spur gear and provides the best equations for designing of spur gear. One can Easily understand all the parameters required to design a Spur Gear
A simple description about spigot and socket joint which is known as cotter joint. It's a part of MDID (Machine Designing and Industrial Drafting) Subject in mechanical engg. GTU for semester 4th.
This is the basic lecture on introduction to gears for engineering students. It includes basics of gears, spur gear, bevel gear, etc. It also talks about a fundamental law of gearing, pressure angle and contact ratio.
Gear? Where it is used and why? We know that gear is power transmitting element but there are many any elements like - rope, chain drives which can also be used. There are many benefits of using gear over belt, rope, chain drive, that's why we used gear. Here we provide a complete description about gear, types of gear. Spur gear, Helical gear, Worm gear, Bevel gear, these are some important types of gear which are described briefly with their terminology. A complete difference is clarified between all types of gear relating their shapes and position of shaft.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
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How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
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1. Pimpri Chinchwad Education Trust’s
Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering and
Research, Pune
Course- Theory of Machines-II
Topic -SPUR GEAR
Online Lecture 1
By
Prof.Fodase G.M.
2. Unit-I: SPUR GEAR
• Classification of gears
• Gear tooth terminology –
• Fundamental Law of toothed
gearing and involute gearing
• Length of path of contact and
contact ratio
• Interference and undercutting
• Minimum number of teeth on gear
and pinion
4. Definition….
Gears: Gears are machine
elements that transmit motion by
means of successively engaging
teeth. The gear teeth act like
small levers.
Discs with teeth on the periphery
are known as gears.
6. Types of gears
Spur gears
• Teeth are parallel to axis of shaft
• Imposes radial load on the shaft
• Have straight teeth Suitable for
low to medium speed application
• Noise in high speed application
due to sudden contact over the
entire face width
• Relatively high ratios can be
achieved
6
7. 7
Helical Gears
Helical gears have angled teeth which form a
curve that resembles a segment of a helix.
Helical gears are meshed in parallel or
crossed orientations and are used because
they offer a more refined operation and run
much smoother and quieter than spur gears
for example. Helical gears can operate at
high speeds and transmit large amounts of
torque.
A disadvantage of helical gears is the thrust
generated by the curved teeth when under
load, this is usually handled by a suitable
thrust bearing to help take this load.
Double helical gears A double helical gear is similar to 2 separate
helical gears joined together but mirrored,
this helps eliminate the thrust that a single
helical gear would create as in effect there is
equal thrust in each direction cancelling
8. 8
Worm gears The worm resembles the thread of a screw,
and are usually meshed with a worm wheel
which looks similar to a typical spur gear.
Worm gears are an excellent way to increase
torque output while reducing rotational
speed.
Used for Non-parallel & Non-intersecting
shafts.
Large speed reduction upto 100:1
Worm can easily turn the gear but…
Gear cannot turn worm.
This locking feature acts as a brake.
Used in conveyor systems.
Rack and pinion gears
Rack: Straight Gear with infinite diameter
Used to convert rotational motion to
translational motion by means of a gear
mesh
Application: Rack and pinion steering
system used on many cars in the past.
Used in machine tools
9. 9
Spiral Gears Skew Gears / Crossed Helical Gears
Used for Non-parallel & Non-intersecting shafts
Point contact between mating teeth
Low load transmission
Bevel Bevel gears have a cone shape which
enables them to mesh at various angles
except 0 and 180 degrees.
The teeth of a bevel gear can be straight
cut, similar to that of a spur gears teeth, or
they can be curved along their length with
each tooth sitting at an angle (Spiral bevel
gear).
12. 12
• Pitch Circle : An imaginary circle which by pure rolling action would give the
same motion as actual gear.
• Pitch Circle Diameter : Diameter of pitch circle
• Pitch Point : Common point of contact between two pitch circles
• Pressure Angle: Angle between common normal to two gear teeth at the point of
contact & common tangent at pitch point
• Addendum: The radial distance between the PC and the top of the teeth
• Addendum Circle: Circle drawn from top of tooth & concentric with PC
• Dedendum: The radial distance between the bottom of the tooth to PC
• Dedendum Circle: Circle drawn from Bottom of tooth & concentric with PC
• Circular pitch (pc): Distance measured on circumference of PC from a point of
one tooth to the corresponding point on next tooth
D= Diameter of PC
T= No. of teethT
D
pc
13. 13
OR
• Diametral pitch (Pd): The ratio of the number of teeth to PCD.
• Module (m): Ratio of Pitch circle Diameter (mm) to No. of Teeth
• Clearance: Difference between the dedendum of one gear and the addendum of the
mating gear
• Total depth : Radial distance equal to sum of addendum & dedendum ( working depth
plus clearance )
• Working depth : Depth of engagement of two gears i.e., the sum of addenda of two
mating gears
• Tooth Thickness : Width of teeth measured along PC
• Tooth Space: Distance between adjacent teeth measured along PC
• Backlash: Difference between tooth thickness and tooth space on PC
pcD
T
pd
T
D
m
2
2
1
1
T
D
T
D
pc
2
1
2
1
T
T
D
D
14. 14
• Face of a tooth: Surface of gear tooth above PC
• Flank of a tooth: Surface of gear tooth below PC
• Top Land : Surface of top of tooth
• Face width : Width of gear tooth measured parallel to its axis
• Fillet Radius : connects root circle to profile of tooth
• Path of contact : path traced by a point of contact of two teeth from beginning
to end of engagement
• Length of path of contact : Length of common normal cut-off by addendum
circles of wheel & pinion
• Arc of contact : Path traced by a point on pitch circle frm beginning to end of
engagement
• Arc of Approach : path of contact from beginning of engagement to pitch point
• Arc of Recess : path of contact from pitch point to end of engagement
