2. Outline
History & Introduction
Classification of gears
Terminology
Law of Gearing
Characteristics of involute and cycloidal
action
3. Overview
Gear is an important power transmitting
element.
The power may be transmitted from one
shaft to another by means of matting gears
with high transmission efficiency.
It’s calculations depends on certain factors,
some basic terminologies are discussed in
this presentation.
4. Classification of gears
Classification of gears according to the position of shaft
Parallel
shaft Intersecting shaft
Non-Parallel & Non-
Intersecting shaft
Spur
gear
Rack and
Pinion sets
Helical
gears
Spiral gear
Worm gear
sets
Straight
bevel gear
Spiral bevel
gear
5. Types of Gears
Spur gears – tooth profile is parallel to
the axis of rotation, transmits motion
between parallel shafts.
Pinion (small gear)
Gear (large gear)
– teeth are inclined to
the axis of rotation, the angle provides
more gradual engagement of the teeth
during meshing, transmits motion
between parallel shafts.
Helical gears
6. Types of Gears
Worm gear sets – consists of a
helical gear and a power screw (worm),
used to transfer motion between non-
parallel and non-intersecting shafts.
Rack and Pinion sets – a special
case of spur gears with the gear
having an infinitely large diameter,
the teeth are laid flat.
Rack
Pinion
7. Types of Gears
Bevel gears – teeth are formed on a
conical surface, used to transfer motion
between non-parallel and intersecting
shafts.
Straight
bevel gear
Spiral
bevel gear
8. Types of Gears
spiral gears – transmit power from
one shaft to other shaft which are non
parallel and non intersecting shafts.
10. Pitch circle
It is imaginary circle which by pure rolling action would
give the same motion as the actual Gear.
11. Pitch Circle diameter
It is the diameter of the pitch circle. The size of gear is
usually specified by pitch circle diameter. It is also called
as pitch diameter.
12. Base Circle
It is the section from which the involutes section of the tooth is
generated.
13. Pitch Point
It is a common point of contact between two pitch circles.
14. Pitch surface
It is the surface of the rolling discs which the
meshing gears have replaced at the pitch circle.
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15. Pressure angle or angle of obliquity
It is the angle between the common normal to two
gear teeth at the point of contact and the common
tangent at the pitch point.
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16. Addendum & Dedendum
1. Addendum :- It is the radial distance of a tooth from the pitch
circle to the top of the tooth.
2. Dedendum :- It is the radial distance of a tooth from the pitch
circle to the bottom of the tooth.
18. Circular Pitch
The distance measured on the circumference of the pitch
circle from the a point of one tooth to the corresponding
point on the next tooth. It is usually denoted by Pc.
Pc = πD1 /T1 = πD2 / T2
19. Diametral Pitch
It is the ratio of number of teeth to the pitch circle
diameter in millimeters
It is denoted by Pd
Diametral Pitch
Pd = T/D
Where T = Number of teeth and
D = Pitch Circle Diameter
20. Module
It is the ratio of the pitch circle diameter in
millimeters to the number of teeth. It is
Usually denoted by m.
Mathematically,
m=D/T
21. Clearance
It is radial Distance from the top of the tooth to the
bottom of the tooth in a meshing gear
22. Total Depth
It is the radial distance between the addendum and the
dedendum circle of a gear. It is equal to the sum of the
addendum and dedendum .
23. Working Depth
It is radial distance from the addendum circle
to the clearance circle.
It is equal to the sum of the addendum of the
two meshing gear.
24. Tooth Space & Thickness
Tooth Space :-
It is the width of the tooth measured along the
pitch circle.
Tooth Thickness :-
It is the width of space between the two adjacent
teeth measured along the pitch circle.
25. Backlash
It is difference between the tooth space and tooth
thickness as measured on the pitch circle.
26. Face of tooth :-
It is the surface of the tooth above pitch surface.
Top Land :-
It is the surface of the top of the tooth.
Flank of the tooth :-
It is the surface of the tooth below the pitch surface.
Face width :-
It is the width of the gear tooth measured to parallel to its
axis.
28. Profile :-
Fillet radius :-
Path of contact :-
It is the path traced by the point of contact of two teeth
from the beginning to the end of engagement
