Lecture 10 focusing and colimating
•
0 likes•224 views
Collimating light maintains a consistent beam size over distance, while focusing light converges the beams to a point. It depends on your specific needs: - Collimating is best if you need uniform intensity over a large area at a set working distance. - Focusing is best if you need to concentrate the maximum intensity to a small spot size at the working plane. You'll want to consider factors like the desired spot size, working distance, beam uniformity requirements and intensity thresholds to determine the optimal solution. Both collimating and focusing have applications, so understanding your technical requirements is key to choosing the right approach. Consulting an optics expert can also help ensure you select a solution tailored to your unique application.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Nd YAG laser
The document summarizes the key aspects of an Nd:YAG laser. It discusses that the Nd:YAG laser uses neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet as the lasing medium, which emits light at a wavelength of 1.064 micrometers when optically pumped by a flashlamp. It provides details on the laser's construction, which includes an Nd:YAG rod and krypton flashlamp enclosed in an ellipsoidal reflector to focus the pumping light. The document also outlines several common applications of Nd:YAG lasers, such as cutting, welding, medicine, and communications.
Laser ii 1 ppt
The document compares three-level and four-level laser systems. Three-level lasers require pumping more than half the atoms to the upper level, resulting in high power needs and pulsed output. Four-level lasers move atoms to a long-lived metastable third level, allowing continuous operation with lower pumping rates. Examples given are ruby laser for three-level and He-Ne and Nd:YAG lasers for four-level. Four-level lasers provide advantages including lower lasing threshold, continuous output, and ability for continuous operation.
Laser
The document discusses lasers, including their history, components, types, and applications. It provides details on (1) how lasers work by stimulating emissions to produce coherent and monochromatic light, (2) the inventors of the laser and types such as gas, solid-state, and semiconductor lasers, and (3) applications of lasers in areas like medicine, computing, military defense, and industry. Lasers are described as having significant utility due to their unique light properties.
Solid state detector mamita
This document discusses different types of solid state radiation detectors, including scintillation detectors, thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD), and semiconductor detectors. Scintillation detectors detect radiation via light emission in inorganic crystal materials like NaI or organic crystals like anthracene. TLDs "capture" radiation dose information and release light when heated, allowing dose measurement. Common TLD materials are LiF:Mg,Ti and Li2B4O7:Mn. Semiconductor detectors like silicon and germanium act as solid state ionization chambers and are used for high resolution energy measurement of alpha and beta particles.
IONIC POLARIZATION AND DIELECTRIC RESONANCE-By Tahmid Rongon,Electrical Prope...
IONIC POLARIZATION AND DIELECTRIC RESONANCE..Polarization is the separation of positive and negative charges in a system so that there is a net electric dipole moment per unit volume.
Ionic polarization is polarization caused by relative displacements between positive and negative ions in ionic crystals.
This type of polarization occurs in ionic crystals such as NaCl, KCl etcs.
Dielectric resonance occurs when the frequency of the applied ac field is such that there is maximum energy transfer from the ac voltage source to heat in the dielectric through the alternating polarization and depolarization of the molecules by the ac field.
Non linear optics and SHG
Nonlinear optics involves intense light interacting with matter to change the light's properties. This allows generating new frequencies of light from the input light. Second harmonic generation produces light with twice the frequency by combining two photons. High harmonic generation using intense lasers can generate coherent x-rays. Phase matching is important for high conversion efficiency in nonlinear optical processes. Applications include optical switching, data storage, and generating coherent x-rays for attosecond science.
Presentation laser
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term "laser" originated as an acronym for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
Lasers introduction and explanation
This document provides an overview of laser systems and their applications. It begins with an introduction to lasers, describing their key properties such as coherence and directionality. The basic components of a laser, including the active medium, pump source, and optical resonator, are then explained. Different laser operation modes like continuous wave, pulsed, Q-switched, and mode-locked are also covered. The document concludes by discussing various laser types and their applications in scientific, commercial, and medical fields.
Recommended
Nd YAG laser
The document summarizes the key aspects of an Nd:YAG laser. It discusses that the Nd:YAG laser uses neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet as the lasing medium, which emits light at a wavelength of 1.064 micrometers when optically pumped by a flashlamp. It provides details on the laser's construction, which includes an Nd:YAG rod and krypton flashlamp enclosed in an ellipsoidal reflector to focus the pumping light. The document also outlines several common applications of Nd:YAG lasers, such as cutting, welding, medicine, and communications.
Laser ii 1 ppt
The document compares three-level and four-level laser systems. Three-level lasers require pumping more than half the atoms to the upper level, resulting in high power needs and pulsed output. Four-level lasers move atoms to a long-lived metastable third level, allowing continuous operation with lower pumping rates. Examples given are ruby laser for three-level and He-Ne and Nd:YAG lasers for four-level. Four-level lasers provide advantages including lower lasing threshold, continuous output, and ability for continuous operation.
Laser
The document discusses lasers, including their history, components, types, and applications. It provides details on (1) how lasers work by stimulating emissions to produce coherent and monochromatic light, (2) the inventors of the laser and types such as gas, solid-state, and semiconductor lasers, and (3) applications of lasers in areas like medicine, computing, military defense, and industry. Lasers are described as having significant utility due to their unique light properties.
Solid state detector mamita
This document discusses different types of solid state radiation detectors, including scintillation detectors, thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD), and semiconductor detectors. Scintillation detectors detect radiation via light emission in inorganic crystal materials like NaI or organic crystals like anthracene. TLDs "capture" radiation dose information and release light when heated, allowing dose measurement. Common TLD materials are LiF:Mg,Ti and Li2B4O7:Mn. Semiconductor detectors like silicon and germanium act as solid state ionization chambers and are used for high resolution energy measurement of alpha and beta particles.
IONIC POLARIZATION AND DIELECTRIC RESONANCE-By Tahmid Rongon,Electrical Prope...
IONIC POLARIZATION AND DIELECTRIC RESONANCE..Polarization is the separation of positive and negative charges in a system so that there is a net electric dipole moment per unit volume.
Ionic polarization is polarization caused by relative displacements between positive and negative ions in ionic crystals.
This type of polarization occurs in ionic crystals such as NaCl, KCl etcs.
Dielectric resonance occurs when the frequency of the applied ac field is such that there is maximum energy transfer from the ac voltage source to heat in the dielectric through the alternating polarization and depolarization of the molecules by the ac field.
Non linear optics and SHG
Nonlinear optics involves intense light interacting with matter to change the light's properties. This allows generating new frequencies of light from the input light. Second harmonic generation produces light with twice the frequency by combining two photons. High harmonic generation using intense lasers can generate coherent x-rays. Phase matching is important for high conversion efficiency in nonlinear optical processes. Applications include optical switching, data storage, and generating coherent x-rays for attosecond science.
Presentation laser
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term "laser" originated as an acronym for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
Lasers introduction and explanation
This document provides an overview of laser systems and their applications. It begins with an introduction to lasers, describing their key properties such as coherence and directionality. The basic components of a laser, including the active medium, pump source, and optical resonator, are then explained. Different laser operation modes like continuous wave, pulsed, Q-switched, and mode-locked are also covered. The document concludes by discussing various laser types and their applications in scientific, commercial, and medical fields.
Gain media & q switching
There are three main types of laser gain media: gases, liquids, and solids. Gases like CO2 have narrow wavelength gain, while liquids like dyes have broad gain. Solid state lasers like Nd:YAG can have either narrow or broad gain depending on the material. All gain media require pumping to receive energy, which can be optical pumping using lamps or flashlights, or electrical pumping using gas discharges. Q-switching is a technique to produce high power pulses using a Pockels cell to prevent lasing until a population inversion is fully inverted.
Lasers
Lasers produce a very narrow, intense beam of coherent light through the process of stimulated emission of radiation. Key characteristics of laser light include high monochromaticity, directionality, intensity, and coherence. Einstein's theory of stimulated emission explains how excited atoms or molecules can emit photons when stimulated by an incoming photon, leading to amplification of the light beam. Population inversion, where more atoms are in an excited state than a lower state, must be achieved for lasing to occur. Common laser types include solid-state, gas, liquid/dye, and semiconductor lasers, which use different active media and pumping mechanisms to produce stimulated emission. A notable example is the Nd:YAG laser, which uses a neody
lasers SOLID STATE LASERS .
This document discusses solid state lasers. It begins by explaining what a laser is and how it produces light through stimulated emission. It then describes the common components of all lasers including the active medium, excitation mechanism, and high reflectance mirrors. Solid state lasers use a crystalline or glass host material doped with ions like neodymium or ytterbium as the active medium. Examples given are ruby and Nd:YAG lasers. Solid state lasers have advantages like simple construction and lower cost compared to gas lasers, though their output power is not as high. Applications include drilling metals, endoscopy, and military targeting systems.
Laser ii 2 ppt
The document discusses nanosecond lasers, which produce optical pulses with durations measured in nanoseconds. It describes how nanosecond pulses are generated using techniques like Q-switching and gain switching that produce high intensity pulses. Nanosecond lasers have applications in fields like materials processing, distance measurement, remote sensing, and more due to their ability to deliver high pulse energies over short timescales.
LASERS, CHARACTERISTICS, STIMULATED ABSORPTION, SPONTANEOUS EMISSION, STIMULA...
The document discusses the basics of lasers. It explains that lasers work via the process of stimulated emission, where photons stimulate excited electrons to emit additional photons of the same frequency and direction. This leads to coherent, highly directional light that is monochromatic and has high intensity and brightness. The key aspects that enable lasers are population inversion, where more atoms are in excited states than ground states, and stimulated emission, where incident photons cause excited electrons to emit additional photons coherently.
Laser
The document discusses lasers, providing details on:
1. How lasers work through the process of stimulated emission of radiation, using a pumping mechanism to create population inversion in the active medium.
2. The key characteristics of laser light being monochromatic, coherent, and highly directional.
3. Examples of common laser types like Ruby and Nd:YAG lasers, describing their construction and working.
4. Applications of lasers in various fields like industry, medicine, communication, and more.
Laser ppt 2
1) The document describes the helium-neon laser, which was invented in 1960 and works on the principle of a four-level laser system.
2) It consists of a glass tube containing a mixture of helium and neon gases, along with electrodes that provide an electric discharge to excite the gases.
3) When excited by the discharge, helium atoms transfer their energy to neon atoms, pushing them into metastable energy levels. Stimulated emission then occurs as the neon atoms fall from these levels, producing the laser beam.
Exicmer laseer.ppt
This document provides an overview of excimer lasers. It describes excimer lasers as ultraviolet lasers that use a mixture of noble gases and halogens as their gain medium, with common examples being ArF, KrF, XeCl, and XeF lasers. The document discusses the construction of excimer lasers, noting they contain a noble gas, halogen gas, and buffer gas within a tube powered by an electrical current source. It also summarizes how excimer lasers work by exciting gas atoms into dimers that emit bursts of radiation before dissociating. Finally, it lists applications like photolithography and provides safety cautions about the lasers' high power ultraviolet outputs.
Laser lecture 04
This document summarizes key concepts about laser beams and optical resonators:
1) Laser beam propagation can be described by the Helmholtz equation, with one solution being a Gaussian beam profile. The beam waist radius varies along the beam axis according to the Rayleigh range.
2) Optical resonators provide feedback to turn an amplifier into an oscillator. They contain mirrors between which light bounces and is amplified on each pass through the gain medium.
3) Resonator stability depends on the curvature and separation of the mirrors. Different resonator types support distinct transverse mode patterns within the beam.
He ne lasers 1
A He-Ne laser produces coherent red light through stimulated emission. It works by electrically exciting a gas mixture of helium and neon atoms. Energy from excited helium atoms is transferred to neon atoms, producing population inversion between neon energy levels. When excited neon atoms drop to a lower energy level, they emit photons of 632.8 nm wavelength that stimulate additional photon emissions, producing a coherent laser beam. He-Ne lasers operate continuously and are commonly used for applications like barcode scanning and holography due to their low cost and narrow visible beam.
Ruby laser (Simple, Short and Easy)
The document describes the ruby laser, which was the first laser invented in 1960 by Theodore Maiman. It uses a synthetic ruby crystal as the gain medium, which contains chromium atoms that absorb green and blue light and emit red light. The ruby laser produces pulsed red light at 694.3 nm. It works based on three energy levels of the chromium atoms in the ruby crystal. When pumped by a flash lamp, the atoms are excited to higher energy levels and undergo stimulated emission, producing coherent laser light. Ruby lasers were used for applications like holography and laser surgery, but have been replaced by better solid-state lasers due to low efficiency and pulsed output.
Modulation of light
The attached narrated power point presentation explores the different methods of modulation of light such as direct modulation and external modulation. The material will immensely benefit KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
Photoacoustic spectroscopy
Photoacoustic spectroscopy is a technique that detects the acoustic waves generated through the absorption of modulated electromagnetic radiation in a sample. It can be used to measure the absorption spectrum of both gases and condensed matter. The absorbed radiation is converted to heat, causing temperature and pressure fluctuations that can be detected by a microphone or piezoelectric transducer. This allows for highly sensitive detection of small absorbers. While it can analyze all phases of matter, photoacoustic spectroscopy has limitations for non-gaseous samples and requires the analyte to absorb the laser light used. It has applications in areas like trace gas analysis, textile dyes, and biomedical samples.
Photo luminescence
This document discusses different types of photoluminescence including fluorescence, phosphorescence, and phosphor thermometry. Fluorescence involves light emission from a substance that has absorbed light or electromagnetic radiation at a higher energy level, and re-emits light at a lower energy level. Phosphorescence differs in that the re-emission of light occurs over longer time scales from "forbidden" energy state transitions. Phosphor thermometry uses characteristics of phosphor luminescence emissions like brightness or color that change with temperature for temperature measurement applications. Common phosphors used include zinc sulfide doped with copper or rare earth doped aluminosilicates.
Laser lecture 05
This document discusses laser beam characteristics including:
1. Lasers produce monochromatic, coherent beams with high directionality and low divergence.
2. Coherence refers to the correlation between the phases of waves and is measured both temporally and spatially.
3. An example calculates the coherence length and time for a laser beam filtered to have a bandwidth of 10 nm and wavelength of 532 nm.
Q switching for giant pulses in laser
Q-switching is a technique used to produce high-power laser pulses. It involves preventing the laser from oscillating to allow the population inversion in the lasing medium to build up to a high level. Then, by suddenly allowing oscillation, all the stored energy is emitted in a single giant pulse with peak power much higher than during normal operation. The pulse duration is typically 10-7 to 10-8 seconds. Q-switching provides a means to drastically increase the laser power output through stimulated emission of a very large number of atoms in the active medium.
Laser and it's application.
Laser light is generated through stimulated emission of radiation. Key properties of lasers include monochromaticity, directionality, and temporal and spatial coherence. The essential components of a laser are a gain medium, energy pump source, and optical resonator. Common laser types include gas lasers like helium-neon, solid state lasers like ruby, and semiconductor lasers. Applications include medicine, entertainment, telecommunications, industry, and military technologies.
Photoluminescence
Basic operating principle and instrumentation of photo-luminescence technique. Brief description about interpretation of a photo-luminescence spectrum. Applications, advantages and disadvantages of photo-luminescence.
Laser
The document provides information on the basics of lasers and laser light. It defines LASER as an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. It describes the key properties of laser beams including high coherence, intensity, directionality, and monochromaticity. It also discusses atomic transitions, population inversion, components of lasers including the active medium and optical resonator, and provides examples of specific lasers such as Nd:YAG lasers.
Basic Idea of Laser by deepika gupta
1. The document discusses the working principles of lasers, including the key components of a laser system and the processes of stimulated emission and population inversion that enable laser action.
2. It specifically describes different laser types such as ruby lasers, He-Ne lasers, semiconductor diode lasers, and their applications. Ruby was the first laser invented and produces red light, while He-Ne lasers emit visible light in the red and infrared spectrum.
3. The document provides detailed explanations of laser concepts like optical pumping, energy level diagrams, cavity mirrors, and continuous wave versus pulsed operation.
Unit III ADVANCES IN METROLOGY
The document discusses various advances in metrology, including lasers, laser interferometers, coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), and machine vision systems. It provides details on the basic concepts, working principles, components, and applications of lasers and laser interferometers for metrology. It also discusses the working, types, probes, and applications of CMMs. Finally, it covers the basic concepts, elements, and functions of machine vision systems used for metrological measurements.
Unit 3
This document provides information on advances in metrology using laser technology. It discusses the principles and working of lasers, including spontaneous and stimulated emission. It describes applications of lasers such as laser interferometers, laser scanning gauges, and laser telemetric systems. It also covers coordinate measuring machines, the different types of CMMs, and probes used in CMMs like trigger probes and measuring probes. The document presents information concisely on various laser-based measurement techniques.
More Related Content
What's hot
Gain media & q switching
There are three main types of laser gain media: gases, liquids, and solids. Gases like CO2 have narrow wavelength gain, while liquids like dyes have broad gain. Solid state lasers like Nd:YAG can have either narrow or broad gain depending on the material. All gain media require pumping to receive energy, which can be optical pumping using lamps or flashlights, or electrical pumping using gas discharges. Q-switching is a technique to produce high power pulses using a Pockels cell to prevent lasing until a population inversion is fully inverted.
Lasers
Lasers produce a very narrow, intense beam of coherent light through the process of stimulated emission of radiation. Key characteristics of laser light include high monochromaticity, directionality, intensity, and coherence. Einstein's theory of stimulated emission explains how excited atoms or molecules can emit photons when stimulated by an incoming photon, leading to amplification of the light beam. Population inversion, where more atoms are in an excited state than a lower state, must be achieved for lasing to occur. Common laser types include solid-state, gas, liquid/dye, and semiconductor lasers, which use different active media and pumping mechanisms to produce stimulated emission. A notable example is the Nd:YAG laser, which uses a neody
lasers SOLID STATE LASERS .
This document discusses solid state lasers. It begins by explaining what a laser is and how it produces light through stimulated emission. It then describes the common components of all lasers including the active medium, excitation mechanism, and high reflectance mirrors. Solid state lasers use a crystalline or glass host material doped with ions like neodymium or ytterbium as the active medium. Examples given are ruby and Nd:YAG lasers. Solid state lasers have advantages like simple construction and lower cost compared to gas lasers, though their output power is not as high. Applications include drilling metals, endoscopy, and military targeting systems.
Laser ii 2 ppt
The document discusses nanosecond lasers, which produce optical pulses with durations measured in nanoseconds. It describes how nanosecond pulses are generated using techniques like Q-switching and gain switching that produce high intensity pulses. Nanosecond lasers have applications in fields like materials processing, distance measurement, remote sensing, and more due to their ability to deliver high pulse energies over short timescales.
LASERS, CHARACTERISTICS, STIMULATED ABSORPTION, SPONTANEOUS EMISSION, STIMULA...
The document discusses the basics of lasers. It explains that lasers work via the process of stimulated emission, where photons stimulate excited electrons to emit additional photons of the same frequency and direction. This leads to coherent, highly directional light that is monochromatic and has high intensity and brightness. The key aspects that enable lasers are population inversion, where more atoms are in excited states than ground states, and stimulated emission, where incident photons cause excited electrons to emit additional photons coherently.
Laser
The document discusses lasers, providing details on:
1. How lasers work through the process of stimulated emission of radiation, using a pumping mechanism to create population inversion in the active medium.
2. The key characteristics of laser light being monochromatic, coherent, and highly directional.
3. Examples of common laser types like Ruby and Nd:YAG lasers, describing their construction and working.
4. Applications of lasers in various fields like industry, medicine, communication, and more.
Laser ppt 2
1) The document describes the helium-neon laser, which was invented in 1960 and works on the principle of a four-level laser system.
2) It consists of a glass tube containing a mixture of helium and neon gases, along with electrodes that provide an electric discharge to excite the gases.
3) When excited by the discharge, helium atoms transfer their energy to neon atoms, pushing them into metastable energy levels. Stimulated emission then occurs as the neon atoms fall from these levels, producing the laser beam.
Exicmer laseer.ppt
This document provides an overview of excimer lasers. It describes excimer lasers as ultraviolet lasers that use a mixture of noble gases and halogens as their gain medium, with common examples being ArF, KrF, XeCl, and XeF lasers. The document discusses the construction of excimer lasers, noting they contain a noble gas, halogen gas, and buffer gas within a tube powered by an electrical current source. It also summarizes how excimer lasers work by exciting gas atoms into dimers that emit bursts of radiation before dissociating. Finally, it lists applications like photolithography and provides safety cautions about the lasers' high power ultraviolet outputs.
Laser lecture 04
This document summarizes key concepts about laser beams and optical resonators:
1) Laser beam propagation can be described by the Helmholtz equation, with one solution being a Gaussian beam profile. The beam waist radius varies along the beam axis according to the Rayleigh range.
2) Optical resonators provide feedback to turn an amplifier into an oscillator. They contain mirrors between which light bounces and is amplified on each pass through the gain medium.
3) Resonator stability depends on the curvature and separation of the mirrors. Different resonator types support distinct transverse mode patterns within the beam.
He ne lasers 1
A He-Ne laser produces coherent red light through stimulated emission. It works by electrically exciting a gas mixture of helium and neon atoms. Energy from excited helium atoms is transferred to neon atoms, producing population inversion between neon energy levels. When excited neon atoms drop to a lower energy level, they emit photons of 632.8 nm wavelength that stimulate additional photon emissions, producing a coherent laser beam. He-Ne lasers operate continuously and are commonly used for applications like barcode scanning and holography due to their low cost and narrow visible beam.
Ruby laser (Simple, Short and Easy)
The document describes the ruby laser, which was the first laser invented in 1960 by Theodore Maiman. It uses a synthetic ruby crystal as the gain medium, which contains chromium atoms that absorb green and blue light and emit red light. The ruby laser produces pulsed red light at 694.3 nm. It works based on three energy levels of the chromium atoms in the ruby crystal. When pumped by a flash lamp, the atoms are excited to higher energy levels and undergo stimulated emission, producing coherent laser light. Ruby lasers were used for applications like holography and laser surgery, but have been replaced by better solid-state lasers due to low efficiency and pulsed output.
Modulation of light
The attached narrated power point presentation explores the different methods of modulation of light such as direct modulation and external modulation. The material will immensely benefit KTU final year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
Photoacoustic spectroscopy
Photoacoustic spectroscopy is a technique that detects the acoustic waves generated through the absorption of modulated electromagnetic radiation in a sample. It can be used to measure the absorption spectrum of both gases and condensed matter. The absorbed radiation is converted to heat, causing temperature and pressure fluctuations that can be detected by a microphone or piezoelectric transducer. This allows for highly sensitive detection of small absorbers. While it can analyze all phases of matter, photoacoustic spectroscopy has limitations for non-gaseous samples and requires the analyte to absorb the laser light used. It has applications in areas like trace gas analysis, textile dyes, and biomedical samples.
Photo luminescence
This document discusses different types of photoluminescence including fluorescence, phosphorescence, and phosphor thermometry. Fluorescence involves light emission from a substance that has absorbed light or electromagnetic radiation at a higher energy level, and re-emits light at a lower energy level. Phosphorescence differs in that the re-emission of light occurs over longer time scales from "forbidden" energy state transitions. Phosphor thermometry uses characteristics of phosphor luminescence emissions like brightness or color that change with temperature for temperature measurement applications. Common phosphors used include zinc sulfide doped with copper or rare earth doped aluminosilicates.
Laser lecture 05
This document discusses laser beam characteristics including:
1. Lasers produce monochromatic, coherent beams with high directionality and low divergence.
2. Coherence refers to the correlation between the phases of waves and is measured both temporally and spatially.
3. An example calculates the coherence length and time for a laser beam filtered to have a bandwidth of 10 nm and wavelength of 532 nm.
Q switching for giant pulses in laser
Q-switching is a technique used to produce high-power laser pulses. It involves preventing the laser from oscillating to allow the population inversion in the lasing medium to build up to a high level. Then, by suddenly allowing oscillation, all the stored energy is emitted in a single giant pulse with peak power much higher than during normal operation. The pulse duration is typically 10-7 to 10-8 seconds. Q-switching provides a means to drastically increase the laser power output through stimulated emission of a very large number of atoms in the active medium.
Laser and it's application.
Laser light is generated through stimulated emission of radiation. Key properties of lasers include monochromaticity, directionality, and temporal and spatial coherence. The essential components of a laser are a gain medium, energy pump source, and optical resonator. Common laser types include gas lasers like helium-neon, solid state lasers like ruby, and semiconductor lasers. Applications include medicine, entertainment, telecommunications, industry, and military technologies.
Photoluminescence
Basic operating principle and instrumentation of photo-luminescence technique. Brief description about interpretation of a photo-luminescence spectrum. Applications, advantages and disadvantages of photo-luminescence.
Laser
The document provides information on the basics of lasers and laser light. It defines LASER as an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. It describes the key properties of laser beams including high coherence, intensity, directionality, and monochromaticity. It also discusses atomic transitions, population inversion, components of lasers including the active medium and optical resonator, and provides examples of specific lasers such as Nd:YAG lasers.
Basic Idea of Laser by deepika gupta
1. The document discusses the working principles of lasers, including the key components of a laser system and the processes of stimulated emission and population inversion that enable laser action.
2. It specifically describes different laser types such as ruby lasers, He-Ne lasers, semiconductor diode lasers, and their applications. Ruby was the first laser invented and produces red light, while He-Ne lasers emit visible light in the red and infrared spectrum.
3. The document provides detailed explanations of laser concepts like optical pumping, energy level diagrams, cavity mirrors, and continuous wave versus pulsed operation.
What's hot (20)
LASERS, CHARACTERISTICS, STIMULATED ABSORPTION, SPONTANEOUS EMISSION, STIMULA...
LASERS, CHARACTERISTICS, STIMULATED ABSORPTION, SPONTANEOUS EMISSION, STIMULA...
Similar to Lecture 10 focusing and colimating
Unit III ADVANCES IN METROLOGY
The document discusses various advances in metrology, including lasers, laser interferometers, coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), and machine vision systems. It provides details on the basic concepts, working principles, components, and applications of lasers and laser interferometers for metrology. It also discusses the working, types, probes, and applications of CMMs. Finally, it covers the basic concepts, elements, and functions of machine vision systems used for metrological measurements.
Unit 3
This document provides information on advances in metrology using laser technology. It discusses the principles and working of lasers, including spontaneous and stimulated emission. It describes applications of lasers such as laser interferometers, laser scanning gauges, and laser telemetric systems. It also covers coordinate measuring machines, the different types of CMMs, and probes used in CMMs like trigger probes and measuring probes. The document presents information concisely on various laser-based measurement techniques.
Rad 206 p11 Fundamentals of Imaging - Control of Scatter Radiation
Fundamentals of Imaging
This course will provide you with the principles involved in the formation and recording of the radiologic image in both conventional and digital imaging systems as well as the principles of image quality assessment.
Control of Scatter Radiation
led and laser ___ light sources
This document discusses different types of optical sources used in fiber optic data systems. It describes light emitting diodes (LEDs), including surface emitting LEDs (SLEDs) and edge emitting LEDs (ELEDs), and how they emit incoherent light. Laser diodes are also covered, which emit coherent light through stimulated emission. Tunable lasers that can produce multiple wavelengths are then explained. Finally, the document provides an overview of basic laser concepts, including absorption and emission of photons, population inversion, optical feedback through cavities, and how laser oscillations produce a coherent output.
Module of fiber coupled diode laser based on 808nm single emitter combination
Module of fiber coupled diode laser based on 808nm single emitter combinationNaku Technology Co,. Ltd
Because of the good beam quality and heat dissipation of single emitter diode laser, it is more resuitable to be used in the source of electro-optic countermeasure. Aim at the responer curve of charge-coupled device (CCD) spectrum, 808nm single emitter is used as unitsource and 24 single emitters are divided into four groups. In order to increase the output power intensity, space sombination and polarization combination are used in the experiment. Combined beam is focused in an optical fiber through the focused lens group designed by ourself. All the single emittwes are connected inseries. When the drive current is 8.5A, 162W output power is obtained from a 300um fiber core with a numerical aperture of 0.22 at 808nm and coupling efficiency of 84%.ADVANCES IN METROLOGY
This document discusses advances in metrology, including laser interferometers, coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), and machine vision systems.
Laser interferometers use laser light to perform highly precise linear and angular measurements. They can measure straightness, alignment, and small displacements. CMMs use probes to determine the coordinates of points on an object's surface, allowing precise dimensional inspection. Machine vision systems use cameras and image processing to automate visual inspection and quality control tasks.
Unit III
This document discusses advances in metrology, including laser interferometers, coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), and machine vision systems.
Laser interferometers use laser light to perform highly precise linear and angular measurements. They can measure straightness, alignment, and small displacements. CMMs use probes to determine the coordinates of points on an object's surface, allowing precise dimensional inspection. Machine vision systems use cameras and image processing to automate visual inspection and quality control tasks.
Mm -unit iii
The document discusses various advances in metrology, including laser interferometers, coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), and machine vision systems.
Laser interferometers use laser light sources to perform highly precise linear and angular measurements. CMMs use probes to determine the coordinates of points on an object's surface and digitally map out its geometry. Machine vision systems use cameras and image processing to automatically inspect parts and make quality checks. Together, these metrology tools enable automated, high-precision measurement and inspection critical for modern manufacturing.
Unit III
This document discusses advances in metrology, including laser interferometers, coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), and machine vision systems.
Laser interferometers use laser light to perform highly precise linear and angular measurements. They can measure straightness, alignment, and small displacements. CMMs use probes to determine the coordinates of points on an object's surface, allowing precise dimensional inspection. Machine vision systems use cameras and image processing to automate visual inspection and quality control tasks.
Lasers and its appplication.pptx
This document provides an introduction to lasers, including their properties, theory of operation, components, and applications. Lasers emit light through stimulated emission and rely on population inversion to produce a coherent, monochromatic beam. The key components are a pump source to excite the gain medium and optical resonators to provide feedback. Lasers have numerous applications including material processing, medicine, metrology, data storage, communications, displays, spectroscopy, and military uses due to their directional and high-powered coherent light.
Effects of structural parameters of photonic crystal fiber
The document summarizes research on manipulating the geometric and structural parameters of photonic crystal fibers to minimize dispersion and propagation loss. It discusses 4 models of photonic crystal fiber structures that were designed and analyzed using the Finite Difference Time Domain method. The models varied parameters like pitch, hole diameter, and refractive index. All 4 models achieved near-zero dispersion, with values ranging from -0.5 to 1.0 ps/nm-km. Propagation losses were also calculated. Future work is proposed to design photonic crystal fibers with zero dispersion over a wide wavelength range to enable broadband supercontinuum generation.
Tunable Laser (1).pptx
Tunable Laser,Basic tunable Laser Setup, Tunable Laser diode, Tunable Laser Optics, History, Tunable laser Absorption Spectrometer, Types and categories of Tunable Lasers, solid-state bulk laser, Dye lasers, Types of tenability, Single line tuning, Multi-line tuning, Narrowband tuning, Simulating Laser Tuning, Wavelength-swept Lasers, Dynamic sensors based on wavelength-swept lasers, Wavelength-swept Lasers Spectrum, Widely tunable lasers,Quantum cascade lasers, Applications of Tunable Lasers, Suppliers,Laser Quantum, NKT Photonics, TOPTICA photonics
Laser diode structures
The attached narrated power point presentation attempts to explore the various semiconductor injection laser diode structures. The material will be useful for KTU final year B tech students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
UNIT III.ppt
This document discusses optical sources used for fiber optics communication including lasers and LEDs. It describes the basic requirements for optical sources and various laser geometries like stripe, buried heterostructure, distributed feedback, and quantum well lasers that provide advantages like lower threshold currents and higher output powers. The document also covers fiber optic cables, connectors, splices and couplers used to join fibers and split or combine optical signals.
Beam restriction devices in x rays by sushil pattar
The document discusses various beam restricting devices used in radiography, including diaphragm apertures, cones and cylinders, and collimators. It also covers radiographic filters and their types, such as aluminum, compound, wedge, and molybdenum filters. Grids are described as devices used to reduce scattered radiation and improve image contrast, though they increase radiation dose. Grid features like ratio, frequency, and pattern (linear vs. crossed) are defined.
A look inside the TEM_EM forum_Yina Guo_Mar2016
A very brief introduction about how the different parts of TEM work for someone who just set foot in this area
Alignment and Exposure System
The document summarizes the key subsystems and exposure techniques used in optical lithography for semiconductor manufacturing. It describes the alignment and exposure subsystems, including the steps to correctly position the mask and wafer. The main exposure techniques discussed are contact printing, proximity printing, and projection printing. Projection printing uses either scanning or stepper systems and offers higher resolution but with increased complexity compared to contact or proximity printing.
Fiber-optics-part-I.pdf
The document provides an introduction to fiber optics and discusses several key topics:
1. It describes the basic components and operation of an optical fiber system including the transmitter, fiber cable, and receiver. Light pulses are transmitted through the fiber and detected at the receiving end.
2. The evolution of fiber optic systems is summarized from first to fifth generations with increasing bit rates and transmission distances over time.
3. The basic structure and properties of optical fibers are outlined, including the core, cladding, buffer, and jacket layers. Total internal reflection within the core allows light to propagate along the fiber.
4. Two main fiber types - step index and graded index - are introduced based on differences in their refractive
Reflector Antennas - Part 1.pdf
Reflector antennas take various shapes like plane, corner, and parabolic reflectors. Parabolic reflectors are most widely used as they focus incoming parallel rays to a focal point, producing a high-gain pencil beam. Their analysis involves determining the induced current density on the surface using ray tracing and aperture distribution methods. The radiation characteristics of parabolic reflectors make them well suited for applications like radio astronomy, communication systems, and satellite tracking.
Beam modification in radiotherapy
This document discusses various methods of modifying radiation beams used in radiation therapy. It describes four main types of beam modification: shielding, compensation, wedge filtration, and flattening. Shielding is used to protect critical structures by devices like blocks, compensators help achieve uniform dose for irregular surfaces, wedge filters tilt the dose distribution, and flattening filters even out the natural beam profile. The document outlines different beam modifying devices and materials like wedges, compensators, bolus, and blocks. It discusses factors that must be considered for beam modification like scatter and attenuation. Overall, the document provides an overview of common techniques and devices used to modify radiation beams for optimal dose distribution in radiation therapy.
Similar to Lecture 10 focusing and colimating (20)
Rad 206 p11 Fundamentals of Imaging - Control of Scatter Radiation
Rad 206 p11 Fundamentals of Imaging - Control of Scatter Radiation
Module of fiber coupled diode laser based on 808nm single emitter combination
Module of fiber coupled diode laser based on 808nm single emitter combination
Effects of structural parameters of photonic crystal fiber
Effects of structural parameters of photonic crystal fiber
Beam restriction devices in x rays by sushil pattar
Beam restriction devices in x rays by sushil pattar
Recently uploaded
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION for seminar ppt.pdf
BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION
AND CLASSIFICATION USING
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Design and optimization of ion propulsion drone
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building.pdf
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Computational Engineering IITH Presentation
This Presentation will give you a brief idea about what Computational Engineering at IIT Hyderabad has to offer.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Recently uploaded (20)
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building.pdf
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building.pdf
Data Control Language.pptx Data Control Language.pptx
Data Control Language.pptx Data Control Language.pptx
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Lecture 10 focusing and colimating
- 1. FOCUSING AND COLLIMATING Prof. Sekartedjo Iwan Cony Setiadi
- 2. • An introduction to the use of lenses to solve optical applications can begin with the elements of ray tracing. • By ideal thin lens, we mean a lens whose thickness is sufficiently small that it does not contribute to its focal length. • We can also use basic geometry to look at the magnification of a lens This is the Gaussian lens equation. This equation provides the fundamental relation between the focal length of the lens and the size of the optical system 1 𝑓 = 1 𝑠% + 1 𝑠' REVIEW
- 3. Application 1: Focusing a Collimated Laser Beam Application 2: Collimating Light from a Point Source Simple Application
- 4. Application 3: Expanding a Laser Beam Simple Application Application 4: Focusing an Extended Source to a Small Spot
- 6. Beam Collimator Near-Zero Divergence Although lasers diverge slowly, the beam diameter enlarges sufficiently over a few meters. Collimator, device for changing the diverging light or radiation from a point source into a parallel beam.
- 7. • A collimated beam of light is a beam (typically a laser beam) which has a low beam divergence, so that the beam radius does not undergo significant changes within moderate propagation distances. • A divergent beam can be collimated with a beam collimator device, which in simple case is essentially a lens or a curved mirror BEAM EXPANDER What is divergence? Divergence describes the expansion of a laser beam over a long distance
- 8. Beam Expander The beam expanders increase the diameter of a collimated input beam to a larger collimated output beam. Beam expanders are used in applications such as laser scanning, interferometry, and remote sensing. Two type of laser beam expander: Keplerian and Galilean Keplerian beam expandersGalilean beam expanders
- 9. • When using the Keplerian or Galilean designs in laser beam expander applications, it is important to be able to calculate the output beam divergence. • This determines the deviation from a perfectly collimated source. The beam divergence is dependent on the diameters of the input and output laser beam • In addition, it is important to be able to calculate the output beam diameter at a specific working distance (L). The output beam diameter is a function of the input beam diameter and the beam divergence after a specific working distance (L)
- 10. A laser's input beam diameter and divergence can be used to calculate the output beam diameter at a specific working distance.
- 11. Application 1. Reducing Power Density 2. Minimizing Beam Diameter at a Distance 3. Minimizing Focused Spot Size 4. Laser Beam Size Compensation
- 12. Beam Shaper • In general, a beam shaper (or beam converter) is an optical device which somehow reshapes a light beam, i.e., it modifies its spatial profile. • In various industries there is a need to focus a laser beam to a well-defined size and shape with uniform intensity (flat top). • A flat top spot enables uniform laser treatment of the working surface, and maintains the same active area regardless of pulse energy.
- 13. Diffractive Optical Element ¨ A diffractive optical element (DOE) uses thin micro-structure patterns to alter the phase of the light that is propagated through it. ¨ Those micro-structures, once properly designed, can manipulate the light to almost any desired intensity profile or shape. ¨ Through in-phase manipulation of the input beam, We can achieve virtually limitless and, most importantly, speckle-free intensity profiles in the output beam.
- 14. The beam shaping element is a diffractive optical element (DOE) used to transform a near-gaussian incident laser beam into a uniform- intensity spot of either round, rectangular, square, line or other shape with sharp edges in a specific work plane. Each beam shaper is designed for use with a specific set of optical system parameters: • Wavelength • Input Beam Size (D) • Output Spot Size (d)
- 16. Why do we need beam shaper?
- 19. Discussion Question: Do you need to get intense light delivered at a distance? There are two choices: 1) Collimate the light or 2) Focus the light. ¨ Collimation expands the beam and sends it forward in relatively parallel beams. ¨ A focuser mounts on a collimator and either shrinks or magnifies the spot at a specific working distance. Which option is best for you?