Nd YAG laser
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The document summarizes the key aspects of an Nd:YAG laser. It discusses that the Nd:YAG laser uses neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet as the lasing medium, which emits light at a wavelength of 1.064 micrometers when optically pumped by a flashlamp. It provides details on the laser's construction, which includes an Nd:YAG rod and krypton flashlamp enclosed in an ellipsoidal reflector to focus the pumping light. The document also outlines several common applications of Nd:YAG lasers, such as cutting, welding, medicine, and communications.
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Nd-YAG Laser | working and construction
Nd:YAG lasers emit light at a wavelength of 1.064 μm. They use neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) as the active medium and are optically pumped by a xenon flash lamp. Nd:YAG lasers can operate in pulsed mode and produce up to 20 kW of power output. They use an optical resonator formed between partially and fully reflective mirrors to produce stimulated emission along the length of the Nd:YAG rod. Lasers have applications in fields like medicine, communications, industry, science and technology, and the military.
ND YAG laser
The document summarizes the Nd:YAG laser, whose lasing medium is a YAG crystal doped with neodymium ions. When pumped, the neodymium ions in the YAG crystal emit light at 1.06 microns. Nd:YAG lasers can operate continuously using lamps or pulsed using flashlamps, and are used for applications like materials processing, medicine, and military targeting. Glass can also be used as the host material for neodymium, allowing lasers to be made from Nd-doped glass.
Laser and gas laser
The document discusses different types of gas lasers, including helium-neon (He-Ne) lasers, carbon dioxide lasers, nitrogen lasers, and argon lasers. It provides details on the construction, working principle, and applications of each laser. The He-Ne laser was the first continuous laser invented in 1961. It operates at 632.8 nm in the red spectrum and is often used for demonstrations and reading barcodes. Carbon dioxide lasers produce a high-power infrared beam and are commonly used for industrial cutting and welding. Nitrogen lasers emit ultraviolet light in short pulses. Argon lasers can output multiple wavelengths ranging from ultraviolet to green.
presentation on nd yag laser
The document summarizes an academic presentation about an Nd:YAG laser.
1) Nd:YAG lasers were developed in 1964 by Bell Labs. They use neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet as the lasing medium and are optically pumped, allowing them to produce high power outputs.
2) The active medium is yttrium aluminium garnet doped with 1% neodymium ions, which act as the active centers for lasing. The Nd:YAG rod is mounted inside an optical cavity formed by mirrors and is pumped using a xenon flash lamp.
CARBON-DI-OXIDE(CO2) LASER.pptx
Carbon dioxide lasers produce a beam of infrared light with wavelengths of 9.6 and 10.6 micrometers. They work by using an electric discharge to excite carbon dioxide molecules and create a population inversion between vibrational energy levels. This leads to stimulated emission and laser action. Carbon dioxide lasers are efficient and can produce high powers, making them useful for applications like material processing, welding, communication, remote sensing, and surgery.
Dye laser
Dye lasers use an organic dye dissolved in a liquid as the active lasing medium and can produce a wide range of wavelengths. They work on the principle of population inversion using a pumping source like a flash lamp or other laser to excite the dye molecules. The major components are the active dye medium, pumping source, and resonator mirrors, with one mirror sometimes replaced by a diffraction grating to allow tuning of the output wavelength. Dye lasers offer tunability but have limitations in lifetime and output power.
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Lasers produce a very narrow, intense beam of coherent light through the process of stimulated emission of radiation. Key characteristics of laser light include high monochromaticity, directionality, intensity, and coherence. Einstein's theory of stimulated emission explains how excited atoms or molecules can emit photons when stimulated by an incoming photon, leading to amplification of the light beam. Population inversion, where more atoms are in an excited state than a lower state, must be achieved for lasing to occur. Common laser types include solid-state, gas, liquid/dye, and semiconductor lasers, which use different active media and pumping mechanisms to produce stimulated emission. A notable example is the Nd:YAG laser, which uses a neody
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Nd-YAG Laser | working and construction
Nd:YAG lasers emit light at a wavelength of 1.064 μm. They use neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) as the active medium and are optically pumped by a xenon flash lamp. Nd:YAG lasers can operate in pulsed mode and produce up to 20 kW of power output. They use an optical resonator formed between partially and fully reflective mirrors to produce stimulated emission along the length of the Nd:YAG rod. Lasers have applications in fields like medicine, communications, industry, science and technology, and the military.
ND YAG laser
The document summarizes the Nd:YAG laser, whose lasing medium is a YAG crystal doped with neodymium ions. When pumped, the neodymium ions in the YAG crystal emit light at 1.06 microns. Nd:YAG lasers can operate continuously using lamps or pulsed using flashlamps, and are used for applications like materials processing, medicine, and military targeting. Glass can also be used as the host material for neodymium, allowing lasers to be made from Nd-doped glass.
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The document summarizes an academic presentation about an Nd:YAG laser.
1) Nd:YAG lasers were developed in 1964 by Bell Labs. They use neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet as the lasing medium and are optically pumped, allowing them to produce high power outputs.
2) The active medium is yttrium aluminium garnet doped with 1% neodymium ions, which act as the active centers for lasing. The Nd:YAG rod is mounted inside an optical cavity formed by mirrors and is pumped using a xenon flash lamp.
CARBON-DI-OXIDE(CO2) LASER.pptx
Carbon dioxide lasers produce a beam of infrared light with wavelengths of 9.6 and 10.6 micrometers. They work by using an electric discharge to excite carbon dioxide molecules and create a population inversion between vibrational energy levels. This leads to stimulated emission and laser action. Carbon dioxide lasers are efficient and can produce high powers, making them useful for applications like material processing, welding, communication, remote sensing, and surgery.
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Dye lasers use an organic dye dissolved in a liquid as the active lasing medium and can produce a wide range of wavelengths. They work on the principle of population inversion using a pumping source like a flash lamp or other laser to excite the dye molecules. The major components are the active dye medium, pumping source, and resonator mirrors, with one mirror sometimes replaced by a diffraction grating to allow tuning of the output wavelength. Dye lasers offer tunability but have limitations in lifetime and output power.
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Lasers produce a very narrow, intense beam of coherent light through the process of stimulated emission of radiation. Key characteristics of laser light include high monochromaticity, directionality, intensity, and coherence. Einstein's theory of stimulated emission explains how excited atoms or molecules can emit photons when stimulated by an incoming photon, leading to amplification of the light beam. Population inversion, where more atoms are in an excited state than a lower state, must be achieved for lasing to occur. Common laser types include solid-state, gas, liquid/dye, and semiconductor lasers, which use different active media and pumping mechanisms to produce stimulated emission. A notable example is the Nd:YAG laser, which uses a neody
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B.tech sem i engineering physics u ii chapter 2-laser
The document provides information about LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation). It discusses the principle of LASER including absorption, spontaneous emission, stimulated emission and population inversion. It describes the key characteristics of laser light such as coherence, high intensity, high directionality and monochromaticity. It also discusses different types of lasers including solid (ruby), liquid and gas (He-Ne, CO2) lasers. Specific details provided include the construction and working of ruby and He-Ne lasers.
Lasers
Lasers operate by stimulating emission of radiation from their active medium. They produce coherent, monochromatic, collimated light beams. The first laser was created in 1960 using a ruby crystal as the active medium. Lasers have revolutionized science, technology and medicine with applications such as optical fiber communications, laser eye surgery, barcode scanners, laser pointers, Blu-ray players and more. Some key laser components include an energy source to pump the active medium, the active medium itself, and an optical resonator formed by mirrors to provide optical feedback.
Laser and fiber optics
The document discusses lasers, including their characteristics and operation. It describes how lasers work via stimulated emission and population inversion. Nd:YAG lasers are discussed as a common solid-state laser type. Applications of lasers mentioned include medicine, manufacturing, communications, and more.
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N-D YAG LASER.pptx Anand Kumar gupta N-D yag laser
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Nd YAG laser
- 1. Gandhinagar Institute of Technology(012) Active Learning Assignment Subject : Physics(2110011) Topic : ND:YAG laser Branch : Computer Engineering Division : Batch: Enrollment no. : Prepared by : Guided by :
- 2. INTRODUCTION: It is four-level solid state laser system. In Nd:YAG Laser , Nd stands for neodymium ions Nd3+ and YAG for Yttrium Aluminium Garnet(Y3Al5O12 ). Nd YAG is a crystal that is used as a lasing medium for solid state lasers. It is developed by scientist J. E. Geusic, H.M. Marcos and L.G. Van Vitert in 1964.
- 3. ACTIVE MEDIUM: Nd3+ Ions act as active medium or active centres. YAG is just the host. RESONATOR CAVITY: The end faces of the Nd:YAG rod are ground polished and silvered to act as the optical resonator mirrors, or the optical cavity can be formed by using two external reflecting mirrors 𝑀1 and 𝑀2.
- 4. OPTICAL PUMPING A xenon flash lamp or a krypton flash is used as a pumping source. The optical pumping is used to achieve population inversion. Nd:YAG Laser rod
- 5. CONSTRUCTION: The schematic diagram of a Nd:YAG laser is shown in figure given below:
- 6. A Nd:YAG rod and a krypton flash lamp are enclosed inside an ellipsoidal reflector. In order to make the entire flash radiation to focus on the laser rod, the Nd:YAG rod is placed at one focal axis and the flash lamp at the other focal axis of the ellipsoidal reflector.
- 7. WORKING: When the flash lamp is switched on the optical pumping excites the N𝑑3+ ions form the ground energy state 𝐸0 to the higher energy level 𝐸3 and 𝐸4 by absorbing radiations of wavelength 0.80µm and 0.73µm, respectively. Then the excited N𝑑3+ ions then make a transition from energy level 𝐸4 to 𝐸2 and it is a non-radioactive transition. The 𝐸2 is the metastable state.
- 8. Upon continues excitation, population inversion of N𝑑3+ ions is achieved at the metastable state 𝐸2. Any of the spontaneously emitted photon will make the excited N 𝑑3+ ions to undergo a transition between 𝐸2 𝑡𝑜 𝐸1 state and during this the stimulated photon is generated. The photons travelling parallel to the resonator axis experience multiple reflections at the mirrors. As a result, the transition 𝐸2 to 𝐸1 yields an intense and coherent laser beam of wavelength 1.064μm.
- 9. The N 𝑑3+ ions then make a transition between 𝐸1 to 𝐸0, which is non-radiative transition. Only a part of the energy by the flash lamp is used to excite the N𝑑3+ ions, while the rest heats up the crystal. Thus, the system can be cooled by either air or water circulation.
- 10. APPLICATIONS: These lasers are widely used for cutting, drilling, welding and surface hardening of the industrial products. It is used in military as range finder and target designations. It is used in medical field for cataract surgery, to treat gastrointestinal bleeding and gall bladder surgery. It is also used in haul communication. It is used in the study of inertial confinement fusion.