Hydrophytes are aquatic plants that are specially adapted to living in aquatic environments. They have morphological, anatomical, and physiological adaptations that allow them to fix sunlight and survive with limited nutrients and water. Morphological adaptations include spongy or aerial roots, modified stems like rhizomes or runners, large floating leaves, and heterophylly. Anatomical adaptations involve tissue modification, absence of stomata, and development of aerenchyma for gas exchange. Physiologically, hydrophytes have low osmotic concentrations and utilize their entire surface for photosynthesis and gas exchange. They are classified based on their relationship to water as submerged, floating, or amphibious hydrophytes. Hydrophytes play
“Any characteristic of an organism or its part which enable it to survive in its own particular habitat is called adaptation”. It is also defined as, “Adaptation is the evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes able to survive and reproduce in its habitat or habitats”. Adaptation is nothing but any changes in the structure or function of an organism or in any parts of its that results from natural selection and by which the organism becomes better fitted to survive and multiply in its environment.
In this presentation, concept of hydrophytes, types of hydrophytes and adaptations (morphological, anatomical and physiological) developed in them are explained.
“Any characteristic of an organism or its part which enable it to survive in its own particular habitat is called adaptation”. It is also defined as, “Adaptation is the evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes able to survive and reproduce in its habitat or habitats”. Adaptation is nothing but any changes in the structure or function of an organism or in any parts of its that results from natural selection and by which the organism becomes better fitted to survive and multiply in its environment.
In this presentation, concept of hydrophytes, types of hydrophytes and adaptations (morphological, anatomical and physiological) developed in them are explained.
Long-distance transport of nutrients in Plants (Phloem-Xylem).
1- Short-distance transport from cell to cell (sugar loading from leaves to phloem).
2- Long-distance transport of sap within xylem and phloem in the whole plant.
the presentation is about morphology of selaginella. this plant belongs to pteridophytes. in this presentation you will study about vegetative part of the plant like roots, stem, leaves, rhizophore and ligule etc.
selected palnts
xerophyte verus mesophyte
=========================================================
A xerophyte is a types of plant that has adjusted to get by in a domain with minimal fluid water,
for example, a forsake or an ice-or snow-canvassed locale in the Alps or the Arctic.
The morphology and physiology of xerophytes are differently adjusted to moderate water, and
usually likewise to store substantial amounts of water, amid dry periods. Different species might
be adjusted to survive long stretches of parching of their tissues, amid which their metabolic
action may viably close down. Plants with such morphological and physiological adjustments are
xeromorphic.
Xerophytic plants may have comparable shapes, structures, and structures and look
fundamentally the same as, regardless of the possibility that the plants are not firmly related,
through a procedure called concurrent development. For instance, a few types of desert flora
(individuals from the family Cactaceae), which advanced just in the Americas, may seem like
Euphorbias, which are dispersed around the world. A random types of caudiciforms, plants with
swollen bases that are utilized to store water, may likewise show such likenesses.
Xerophytic plants can have less general surface territory than different plants, so diminishing the
range that is presented to the air and lessening water misfortune by vanishing. Xerophytes can
have littler leaves or less branches than different plants. A case of leaf surface decrease are the
spines of a desert flora. A case of compaction and diminishment of spreading are the barrel
desert flora. Different xerophytes may have their leaves compacted at the base, as in a basal
rosette, which might be littler than the plant\'s blossom. This adjustment is displayed by some
Agave and Eriogonum species, which can be discovered developing close Death Valley.
A few xerophytes have minor hairs on their surface to give a wind break and decrease wind
current, along these lines diminishing the rate of dissipation. At the point when a plant surface is
secured with minor hairs, it is called tomentose.
In a still domain, the regions under the leaves/spines where transpiration is occurring structure a
little limited environment that is more soaked than typical with water vapor. In the event that this
is not overwhelmed by wind, the water vapor potential angle is diminished as is transpiration.
Subsequently, in a windier circumstance, this confinement is not held thus the angle stays high,
which helps the loss of water vapor. Spines trap a layer of dampness furthermore moderate air
development over tissues.
===================
Mesophytes are earthbound plants which are adjusted to neither an especially dry nor especially
wet environment. A case of a mesophytic living space would be a country calm glade, which
may contain goldenrod, clover, oxeye daisy, and Rosa multiflora.
Mesophytic plants have unbending, tough, openly expanded stems and stringy, all around create.
Long-distance transport of nutrients in Plants (Phloem-Xylem).
1- Short-distance transport from cell to cell (sugar loading from leaves to phloem).
2- Long-distance transport of sap within xylem and phloem in the whole plant.
the presentation is about morphology of selaginella. this plant belongs to pteridophytes. in this presentation you will study about vegetative part of the plant like roots, stem, leaves, rhizophore and ligule etc.
selected palnts
xerophyte verus mesophyte
=========================================================
A xerophyte is a types of plant that has adjusted to get by in a domain with minimal fluid water,
for example, a forsake or an ice-or snow-canvassed locale in the Alps or the Arctic.
The morphology and physiology of xerophytes are differently adjusted to moderate water, and
usually likewise to store substantial amounts of water, amid dry periods. Different species might
be adjusted to survive long stretches of parching of their tissues, amid which their metabolic
action may viably close down. Plants with such morphological and physiological adjustments are
xeromorphic.
Xerophytic plants may have comparable shapes, structures, and structures and look
fundamentally the same as, regardless of the possibility that the plants are not firmly related,
through a procedure called concurrent development. For instance, a few types of desert flora
(individuals from the family Cactaceae), which advanced just in the Americas, may seem like
Euphorbias, which are dispersed around the world. A random types of caudiciforms, plants with
swollen bases that are utilized to store water, may likewise show such likenesses.
Xerophytic plants can have less general surface territory than different plants, so diminishing the
range that is presented to the air and lessening water misfortune by vanishing. Xerophytes can
have littler leaves or less branches than different plants. A case of leaf surface decrease are the
spines of a desert flora. A case of compaction and diminishment of spreading are the barrel
desert flora. Different xerophytes may have their leaves compacted at the base, as in a basal
rosette, which might be littler than the plant\'s blossom. This adjustment is displayed by some
Agave and Eriogonum species, which can be discovered developing close Death Valley.
A few xerophytes have minor hairs on their surface to give a wind break and decrease wind
current, along these lines diminishing the rate of dissipation. At the point when a plant surface is
secured with minor hairs, it is called tomentose.
In a still domain, the regions under the leaves/spines where transpiration is occurring structure a
little limited environment that is more soaked than typical with water vapor. In the event that this
is not overwhelmed by wind, the water vapor potential angle is diminished as is transpiration.
Subsequently, in a windier circumstance, this confinement is not held thus the angle stays high,
which helps the loss of water vapor. Spines trap a layer of dampness furthermore moderate air
development over tissues.
===================
Mesophytes are earthbound plants which are adjusted to neither an especially dry nor especially
wet environment. A case of a mesophytic living space would be a country calm glade, which
may contain goldenrod, clover, oxeye daisy, and Rosa multiflora.
Mesophytic plants have unbending, tough, openly expanded stems and stringy, all around create.
In this presentation, concept of xerophytes, types of xerophytes and adaptations (morphological, anatomical and physiological) developed in them are explained.
Here is another creative presentation by your slide maker on the topic "HYDROTROPISM". Hope you like it. If you like it then please *like*, *Download* and *Share*.
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Lecture 1 definition, classification of marine hydrophytes
1. Joyanta Bir
Assistant Professor,
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline,
Khulna University, Email: joy@fmrt.ku.ac.bd
Hydrophytes
Definition and classification
Name of the Course: Marine Botany
Course No.: FMRT-3209
Credit Hours: 3.0
2. Lecture Outline
What are hydrophytes
What are the Characteristics of Hydrophytes
Types and classification
Important of Hydrophytes
Hydrophytes adaptation
Morphological adaptation
Anatomical adaptation
Physiological adaptation
Factors affecting hydrophytes growth
3. Classification of plant based on water Relation
Plant classification
Hydrophytes: Growing in water or close to water
Xerophytes: Grows and adapt under adverse and very poor
water environment
Mesophytes: Plant that grows in neither very dry nor very wet
environment
4. Features
Hydrophytes
-Grows in both water and lands
-Special type of adaptation
-Can grow with limited nutrition and water
-Ecologically very important
-Reduced stomata
-Roots may be absent (Wolffia, Utricularia) or poorly developed (Hydrilla).
-Root caps are replaced by toot-pockets (Eichhornia, Pistia)
-The stems are weak, slender with long internodes. (Hydrilla).
-Floating leaves are generally large, broad and thick (Victoria).
-The petioles of leaves are spongy due to the presence of air cavities
-The plants are dull pale green in color, :maximum of light falling on them
5. Hydrophytes are aquatic plants that
are especially suited for living in
aquatic environments.
-Fix sunlight for the survival in water
system
-Having change in different
morphological structure
Plant classification: Hydrophytes
6. Plant classification
Xerophytes
- Adapt and survive in an environment with little liquid water
-Special type of adaptation
- dry or physiologically dry habitat (salt marsh, saline soil, or acid bog)
11. Submerged hydrophytes
-growing bellow water surface
-No direct contact with air
1. Rooted submerged: rooted to soil
2. Free floating: can move through water
Hydrilla
12.
13. 2. Floating Hydrophytes
-float freely on water surface
-contact with both water and air
-two type
Free floating without rooted : Wolffia microscopica
Floating but rooted: Nymphaea, Nelumbium, Victoria regia
Wolffia microscopica
14.
15. 3. Amphibious Hydrophytes
-both aquatic and terrestrial
-grow shallow water or muddy soil
-mainly observed in marshy area
-Shoot completely exposed to air but root
completely buried in soil
-Ex: Cyperus. Oryza sativa, Marsilea, Sagittaria
and Typha
20. Large, thin floating leaves
Aerial Flower
Reduced/modified root system
Elongated petioles
Little or no waxy cuticle
Modification in xylem tissue
Little or lignin in vascular tissue
Hydrophytes Adaptations
24. Aerial Root
-Breath from water clogged soil
-Pneumatophores
-Came to water surface to obtain CO2
-Marshes or Swamps
MorphologicalAdaptation
Modification in Root
26. Modification in Stem
-The stem is modified into rhizome or runner
- Rhizome are unique underground stem
-Stem usually very delicate and green colour
- Eg: Nymphaea and Nelumbo
MorphologicalAdaptation
27. Modification in Stem
-The stem is modified into rhizome or runner
-Stem usually very delicate and green colour
MorphologicalAdaptation
28. -Runner is the stem portion of the plant that tends to grow horizontally on soil
surface or just below ground
-Modified for asexual reproduction
Runner stem
MorphologicalAdaptation
29. Cuticle in leaf
-Waxy layer
-Water-impervious protective layer
covering the epidermal cells of leaves and
other parts and limiting water loss
MorphologicalAdaptation
30. Change in Leaves structure
MorphologicalAdaptation
In floating hydrophytes leaves are long, circular, green and smooth
Here upper surface have contact with air and lower touches in water
Leaves change to Heterophylly (morphologically different leaves in a single plant)
Heterophylly are linear or highly dissected in submersed plan and circular shape in
floating plant
Ranunculus aquatilis
33. AnatomicalAdaptation
-Stomata is completely absent in Submerged parts of hydrophytes
-Sometime vestigial stomata present
-Gas exchange take place through the cell wall
-Aerenchyma well developed in submerged plant
-Air chamber in the aerenchyma are fill with reparatory gas and moisture
Increases in the Aeration: Stomata
35. -Special modification in leaf structure
-In still water its leaf blades are broad and
subcordate at the base.
-In flowing or tidal water, the leaf blades become
narrower and the bases tapered
Potamogeton : Floating leaf
Leaf modification
AnatomicalAdaptation
38. Low osmotic concentration in cell sap
Higher osmotic concentration then surrounding water
Nutrients absorbed and gas exchange done by entire plant surface
Both leaves and stem take part in Photosynthesis
Having air cavities to store O2 and used when required
PhysiologicalAdaptation
39.
40. Factors affecting plants in the Aquatic environment
Temperature
Osmotic concentration in water
DO in water
Light penetration
Nutrients availability
Water flow
Turbidity
Water Pollution
Morphological: Adaptation in external feature
Anatomical: In internal feature
Physiological : Metabolics feature
Modified root
Spongy stem
Have root pocket
-O2 can directly diffused in water
Modified root
Spongy stem
Have root pocket
-O2 can directly diffused in water
Aerial Root
-called breathing root
Aerial Root
-called breathing root
heterophylly refers to different leaf forms on the same plant,
Submerged hydrophytes have vestigial stomata that just remain open on the upper surface of floating leaves.
Stomatal pores evolved to allow access to terrestrial habitats and regulate the loss of water and the exchange of gases.
Submerged hydrophytes have vestigial stomata that just remain open on the upper surface of floating leaves.
Stomatal pores evolved to allow access to terrestrial habitats and regulate the loss of water and the exchange of gases.
