Lecture 1 bioscience overview 592010 post with videos
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This document summarizes an online bioscience course for IT professionals. The course covers the basics of life through a molecular biology lens over several video lectures. It discusses that life can be defined by growth, metabolism, reproduction and adaptation. The basic unit of life is the cell, which comes in two types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. All life on Earth is related through evolution from a common ancestor over 3.5 billion years ago. Life functions according to the central dogma of DNA to RNA to protein, with proteins acting as enzymes and molecular machines.
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Lecture 1 bioscience overview 592010 post without videos
This online course covers bioscience topics for IT professionals. Over 10 weeks, students will learn about the definition of life, cellular structure and function, evolution, and molecular biology. Key concepts include:
1) All life on Earth shares a common ancestor and can be traced back to the same origins.
2) The basic unit of life is the cell, which exists in two forms - prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
3) Molecular biology is understood through the central dogma of DNA->RNA->Protein.
Lecture 1 bioscience overview 592010 post
This online course covers bioscience topics for IT professionals. Over 10 weeks, students will learn about the definition and characteristics of life, the central role of the cell, and molecular biology concepts like the central dogma. Lectures are given online with opportunities for discussion and questions. The course aims to explain all biological phenomena in chemical terms and establish that all life on Earth evolved from a common ancestor based on DNA, RNA and proteins.
Lecture 1 bioscience overview 592010 post
This online course covers the fundamentals of bioscience for IT professionals. Students are expected to watch weekly video lectures and participate in online discussions. The first lecture provides an overview of key concepts, including that all life on Earth shares a common ancestor and can be understood through molecular biology. Specifically, life is defined as carbon-based systems that use water, self-replicate through nucleic acids and proteins, and adapt to their environments over time. The basic unit of life is the cell, which exists in prokaryotic and eukaryotic forms. Subsequent lectures will examine these concepts and biomolecules like DNA, RNA and proteins in more detail.
Lecture 1 Bioscience Overview 1062009
This document provides an overview and outline for an online bioscience course for grades 6-12. It covers topics like what defines life, the basic unit of life (the cell), the relationship between all life on Earth, the central dogma of molecular biology (DNA->RNA->protein), and how biological functions can be understood in chemical terms using proteins. Students are expected to watch weekly video lectures, participate in online discussions and exams. Key concepts are summarized in short take-home questions.
Eykaryotes
There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed in a nuclear envelope and membrane-bound organelles like the mitochondria and chloroplasts. Mitochondria and chloroplasts were originally free-living bacteria that were engulfed by early eukaryotic cells in a process called endosymbiosis, providing both cells with evolutionary advantages. Eukaryotic cells have complex internal structures like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes that allow them to produce proteins, package and transport materials within the cell.
IB Biology Option D.1: Origin of life
1) Miller and Urey conducted experiments in 1953 that simulated early Earth conditions and found that organic molecules like amino acids could form spontaneously from inorganic precursors.
2) RNA may have played an early role in the origin of life on Earth as it can both store genetic information and catalyze chemical reactions through ribozymes.
3) The endosymbiotic theory proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by larger cells and evolved to become cellular organelles.
1.5. - The origin of cells
1. The origin of the first cells on Earth is still not fully known, but they likely arose through natural processes from non-living matter around 3.8 billion years ago.
2. Early atmospheric conditions and lightning may have produced simple organic molecules, while hydrothermal vents could have provided energy for assembling polymers.
3. The development of cell membranes around 1.9 billion years ago was a major advance, allowing compartmentalization within lipid vesicles.
The Origin Of Life Dual Origin Hypothesis
The document discusses a dual origin hypothesis for the origin of life on Earth. It proposes that organic molecules were delivered to Earth via meteorite impacts from another planetary body with a reducing atmosphere. Additionally, a Mars-sized planet may have collided with Earth, melting the crust and scattering debris containing organic material. These impacts could have seeded Earth with organics that concentrated at the surface and were protected until conditions allowed for the emergence of self-replicating systems within cell-like structures.
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Lecture 1 bioscience overview 592010 post without videos
This online course covers bioscience topics for IT professionals. Over 10 weeks, students will learn about the definition of life, cellular structure and function, evolution, and molecular biology. Key concepts include:
1) All life on Earth shares a common ancestor and can be traced back to the same origins.
2) The basic unit of life is the cell, which exists in two forms - prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
3) Molecular biology is understood through the central dogma of DNA->RNA->Protein.
Lecture 1 bioscience overview 592010 post
This online course covers bioscience topics for IT professionals. Over 10 weeks, students will learn about the definition and characteristics of life, the central role of the cell, and molecular biology concepts like the central dogma. Lectures are given online with opportunities for discussion and questions. The course aims to explain all biological phenomena in chemical terms and establish that all life on Earth evolved from a common ancestor based on DNA, RNA and proteins.
Lecture 1 bioscience overview 592010 post
This online course covers the fundamentals of bioscience for IT professionals. Students are expected to watch weekly video lectures and participate in online discussions. The first lecture provides an overview of key concepts, including that all life on Earth shares a common ancestor and can be understood through molecular biology. Specifically, life is defined as carbon-based systems that use water, self-replicate through nucleic acids and proteins, and adapt to their environments over time. The basic unit of life is the cell, which exists in prokaryotic and eukaryotic forms. Subsequent lectures will examine these concepts and biomolecules like DNA, RNA and proteins in more detail.
Lecture 1 Bioscience Overview 1062009
This document provides an overview and outline for an online bioscience course for grades 6-12. It covers topics like what defines life, the basic unit of life (the cell), the relationship between all life on Earth, the central dogma of molecular biology (DNA->RNA->protein), and how biological functions can be understood in chemical terms using proteins. Students are expected to watch weekly video lectures, participate in online discussions and exams. Key concepts are summarized in short take-home questions.
Eykaryotes
There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed in a nuclear envelope and membrane-bound organelles like the mitochondria and chloroplasts. Mitochondria and chloroplasts were originally free-living bacteria that were engulfed by early eukaryotic cells in a process called endosymbiosis, providing both cells with evolutionary advantages. Eukaryotic cells have complex internal structures like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes that allow them to produce proteins, package and transport materials within the cell.
IB Biology Option D.1: Origin of life
1) Miller and Urey conducted experiments in 1953 that simulated early Earth conditions and found that organic molecules like amino acids could form spontaneously from inorganic precursors.
2) RNA may have played an early role in the origin of life on Earth as it can both store genetic information and catalyze chemical reactions through ribozymes.
3) The endosymbiotic theory proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by larger cells and evolved to become cellular organelles.
1.5. - The origin of cells
1. The origin of the first cells on Earth is still not fully known, but they likely arose through natural processes from non-living matter around 3.8 billion years ago.
2. Early atmospheric conditions and lightning may have produced simple organic molecules, while hydrothermal vents could have provided energy for assembling polymers.
3. The development of cell membranes around 1.9 billion years ago was a major advance, allowing compartmentalization within lipid vesicles.
The Origin Of Life Dual Origin Hypothesis
The document discusses a dual origin hypothesis for the origin of life on Earth. It proposes that organic molecules were delivered to Earth via meteorite impacts from another planetary body with a reducing atmosphere. Additionally, a Mars-sized planet may have collided with Earth, melting the crust and scattering debris containing organic material. These impacts could have seeded Earth with organics that concentrated at the surface and were protected until conditions allowed for the emergence of self-replicating systems within cell-like structures.
IB Biology Core 2.3: Eukaryotic Cells
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Origin of life
1) The document discusses the key processes needed for the spontaneous origin of life on Earth, including the synthesis of simple organic molecules, assembly into polymers, emergence of self-replicating molecules, and formation of cell membranes.
2) It summarizes experiments by Miller and Urey that demonstrated the abiotic formation of amino acids from gases in Earth's early reducing atmosphere through spark discharge.
3) RNA is highlighted as playing a potential early role in the origin of life due to its ability to both store genetic information and catalyze reactions, prior to the emergence of DNA and proteins.
chemical evolution and biological origin of life
The document summarizes the chemical and biological origin of life. It describes how early Earth had atoms that combined to form inorganic molecules like hydrogen, nitrogen, and water. These molecules then interacted to produce simple organic compounds. Experiments have shown that conditions on the early Earth could produce amino acids and nucleic acid bases. Over time, these compounds accumulated and polymerized to form complex macromolecules. Some of these macromolecules assembled into early protocells, which were the precursors to the first prokaryotic cells that developed around 3.5 billion years ago. Prokaryotes eventually evolved into eukaryotic cells through endosymbiotic relationships between bacteria and host cells. Multicellular life
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The document summarizes the evolution of cells from early molecules to modern cells. It describes how early Earth had conditions suitable for the formation of organic molecules. Through chemical reactions in the primordial soup, nucleotides and other biomolecules formed. RNA molecules emerged and were able to store and replicate genetic information, marking the RNA world hypothesis. Eventually, DNA arose as a more stable carrier of genetic code, while cells formed through the enclosure of RNA and other molecules in membranes. Key cellular components like chromosomes, ribosomes, and mitochondria developed as cells became more complex and specialized into prokaryotic and eukaryotic forms.
The+Beginnings+Of+Life
1. The early Earth had an atmosphere without oxygen and harsh conditions over 4 billion years ago.
2. Experiments show that organic compounds can form spontaneously under these early Earth conditions, providing building blocks for life.
3. Early protocells or protobacteria may have formed in tidepools, with cell membranes assembling from fatty acids and RNA-coated clay. This sets the stage for the first true cells to originate over 3.5 billion years ago.
Cell evolution
The earliest life on Earth were simple prokaryotic cells that existed around 3.5-3.9 billion years ago. These included stromatolites, primitive photosynthetic bacteria that formed along coastlines. As these prokaryotes became more widespread, they changed the atmosphere to include more oxygen. The first eukaryotic cells evolved around 2.1 billion years ago and included protists like protozoa and algae. Eukaryotic cells developed in two stages: infolding of the cell membrane to form internal structures like the nucleus, and endosymbiosis where mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from engulfed prokaryotic cells and became cellular organelles.
Bacteria ced
- All cells have a nucleoid where DNA is located, a plasma membrane that forms the cell boundary, and cytoplasm containing enzymes and organic molecules.
- Bacteria also typically have a cell wall, flagella for movement, pili for surface attachment, and sometimes a glycocalyx outer layer or capsule.
- Bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission where the cell duplicates its DNA and divides into two daughter cells. Genetic variation occurs through transformation, transduction, or conjugation.
- Bacteria can be photoautotrophs or chemoautotrophs that produce their own food, or photoheterotrophs and chemoheterotrophs that consume organic molecules. Most bacteria
origin of life
This document provides an overview of E.O. Wilson's work and insights into the origin and evolution of life on Earth. It discusses Wilson's accomplishments, defines the key characteristics of living things, and outlines the major steps in the emergence of life - from the formation of early Earth's atmosphere and oceans, to the origins of self-replicating molecules and early prokaryotic cells, to the development of eukaryotic cells and eventually multicellular organisms. The document uses Wilson's research to construct a timeline of how life evolved on our planet over billions of years.
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2) The Urey-Miller experiment provided evidence that amino acids and other organic compounds could form from inorganic precursors with energy from lightning or thermal vents.
3) Some theories propose life began with simple self-replicating molecules contained in cell-like membranes, which over time became more complex, rather than beginning directly with RNA.
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This document provides information about phylogeny and systematics in biology. It discusses the value of classifying organisms, including identification, showing evolutionary links, and predicting characteristics. It explains the evidence for common ancestry from universal DNA and protein structures. Variations in specific molecules like cytochrome c can indicate phylogeny. Biochemical variations can be used as an evolutionary clock. Clades are groups of organisms descended from a common ancestor, and cladistics uses clades to classify organisms. The document contrasts homologous and analogous characteristics and outlines constructing and analyzing cladograms to show phylogenetic relationships. Classification systems are related to cladograms and monophyletic groups.
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The document discusses several hypotheses for the origin of life on Earth, including spontaneous abiogenesis from simple organic molecules and the conditions that existed on early Earth. The early Earth had a reducing atmosphere without oxygen that may have allowed organic molecules to form and persist without breaking down. Processes needed for the first cells to form could have included the production of simple organic molecules from inorganic precursors and their assembly into self-replicating polymers within membrane-bound structures.
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- Descriptions of each structure's function.
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The document discusses various topics related to living things and biodiversity. It defines what living things have in common, how they are made up of cells, and how cells are organized. It also describes the five kingdoms of classification, what a species is, the origins and importance of biodiversity, and factors that can reduce biodiversity.
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• THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF LIFE
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o DIVINE CREATION
o ORIGIN FROM NONLIVING MATTER (PHYSICO-CHEMICAL THEORY)
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The document outlines the schedule and topics for an online biology course for IT professionals over 10 weeks. It includes the dates, times, locations and topics for weekly lecture videos and online office hours. The lectures will cover an overview of biosciences, biomolecules, cells, genes, bacteria, eukaryotic cells, physiology, biomedicine, ecosystems and computing/bioinformatics. The instructor will hold weekly video conferences to discuss the lectures and other course issues. Recommended additional reading is also provided.
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2) It summarizes experiments by Miller and Urey that demonstrated the abiotic formation of amino acids from gases in Earth's early reducing atmosphere through spark discharge.
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The document summarizes the chemical and biological origin of life. It describes how early Earth had atoms that combined to form inorganic molecules like hydrogen, nitrogen, and water. These molecules then interacted to produce simple organic compounds. Experiments have shown that conditions on the early Earth could produce amino acids and nucleic acid bases. Over time, these compounds accumulated and polymerized to form complex macromolecules. Some of these macromolecules assembled into early protocells, which were the precursors to the first prokaryotic cells that developed around 3.5 billion years ago. Prokaryotes eventually evolved into eukaryotic cells through endosymbiotic relationships between bacteria and host cells. Multicellular life
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The document summarizes the evolution of cells from early molecules to modern cells. It describes how early Earth had conditions suitable for the formation of organic molecules. Through chemical reactions in the primordial soup, nucleotides and other biomolecules formed. RNA molecules emerged and were able to store and replicate genetic information, marking the RNA world hypothesis. Eventually, DNA arose as a more stable carrier of genetic code, while cells formed through the enclosure of RNA and other molecules in membranes. Key cellular components like chromosomes, ribosomes, and mitochondria developed as cells became more complex and specialized into prokaryotic and eukaryotic forms.
The+Beginnings+Of+Life
1. The early Earth had an atmosphere without oxygen and harsh conditions over 4 billion years ago.
2. Experiments show that organic compounds can form spontaneously under these early Earth conditions, providing building blocks for life.
3. Early protocells or protobacteria may have formed in tidepools, with cell membranes assembling from fatty acids and RNA-coated clay. This sets the stage for the first true cells to originate over 3.5 billion years ago.
Cell evolution
The earliest life on Earth were simple prokaryotic cells that existed around 3.5-3.9 billion years ago. These included stromatolites, primitive photosynthetic bacteria that formed along coastlines. As these prokaryotes became more widespread, they changed the atmosphere to include more oxygen. The first eukaryotic cells evolved around 2.1 billion years ago and included protists like protozoa and algae. Eukaryotic cells developed in two stages: infolding of the cell membrane to form internal structures like the nucleus, and endosymbiosis where mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from engulfed prokaryotic cells and became cellular organelles.
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- Bacteria also typically have a cell wall, flagella for movement, pili for surface attachment, and sometimes a glycocalyx outer layer or capsule.
- Bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission where the cell duplicates its DNA and divides into two daughter cells. Genetic variation occurs through transformation, transduction, or conjugation.
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The document discusses several theories on the origin of life on Earth, including:
1) The primordial soup theory where simple organic molecules interacted in early Earth's oceans and atmosphere, potentially forming self-replicating molecules.
2) The Urey-Miller experiment provided evidence that amino acids and other organic compounds could form from inorganic precursors with energy from lightning or thermal vents.
3) Some theories propose life began with simple self-replicating molecules contained in cell-like membranes, which over time became more complex, rather than beginning directly with RNA.
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This document provides information about phylogeny and systematics in biology. It discusses the value of classifying organisms, including identification, showing evolutionary links, and predicting characteristics. It explains the evidence for common ancestry from universal DNA and protein structures. Variations in specific molecules like cytochrome c can indicate phylogeny. Biochemical variations can be used as an evolutionary clock. Clades are groups of organisms descended from a common ancestor, and cladistics uses clades to classify organisms. The document contrasts homologous and analogous characteristics and outlines constructing and analyzing cladograms to show phylogenetic relationships. Classification systems are related to cladograms and monophyletic groups.
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The document discusses several hypotheses for the origin of life on Earth, including spontaneous abiogenesis from simple organic molecules and the conditions that existed on early Earth. The early Earth had a reducing atmosphere without oxygen that may have allowed organic molecules to form and persist without breaking down. Processes needed for the first cells to form could have included the production of simple organic molecules from inorganic precursors and their assembly into self-replicating polymers within membrane-bound structures.
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1. Definemicrobialmats.Describethe functional guilds of microbes in the different layers, and how they interact.
2. Foreachofthethreephylaof photosynthetic bacteria, contrast how each fixes C and gains energy and reducing equivalents from light.
3. Forthetwothermophilicbacterialphyla, describe their adaptations to life at high
temperature. Explain how they are primitive and deeply-branching.
Cell Theory
The document discusses cell theory and provides a brief history and overview of key concepts. It states that all living things are made of cells, which are the smallest units of life. Unicellular organisms consist of single cells, while multicellular organisms have specialized cell types. Cells come only from existing cells through division.
Earth and Life Science Grade 11
Please...
If you want to copy this slideshare.
Ask first a permission to copy or download this Slide..
IB Biology Core 2.2: Prokaryotic Cells
The document provides information about the structure and functions of prokaryotic cells, specifically E. coli, including:
- A labeled diagram showing structures like flagella, capsule, nucleoid, plasmids, cell membrane, cell wall, and ribosomes.
- Descriptions of each structure's function.
- Examples of identifying structures in electron micrographs and stating that prokaryotes divide through binary fission.
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The document discusses various topics related to living things and biodiversity. It defines what living things have in common, how they are made up of cells, and how cells are organized. It also describes the five kingdoms of classification, what a species is, the origins and importance of biodiversity, and factors that can reduce biodiversity.
Introduction to Life Science and The Theories on the Origin of Life
I. Introduction to Life Science
II. The Concept of Life
III. Characteristics of Life
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TOPICS:
• THE CONCEPT OF LIFE
• WHAT QUALIFIES SOMETHING AS “LIVING”?
o MOVEMENT
o SENSITIVITY
o DEATH
o COMPLEXITY
• THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF LIFE
o EXTRATERRESTRIAL ORIGIN
o PANSPERMIA
o DIVINE CREATION
o ORIGIN FROM NONLIVING MATTER (PHYSICO-CHEMICAL THEORY)
• FORMATION OF THE FIRST CELL
• EARLY LIFE FORMS
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Po l2e ch01 lecture principles of life edited sphs
The document provides an overview of AP Biology, including information about the AP Biology exam. It discusses the four big ideas of biology: evolution, energy and molecular building blocks, information storage and transmission, and complex interactions between biological systems. It also describes the seven science practices used in biology. The remainder of the document outlines Chapter 1, which discusses the common aspects of structure, function and energy flow in living organisms. It explains that all life on Earth descended from a single-celled common ancestor and shares characteristics like DNA, cells, metabolism and replication. The evolution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as well as multicellular organisms is summarized.
Living Systems. eukaryotes. best pix. figures1.ppt
This document provides instructions for integrating video content into classroom lectures using PowerPoint. It describes how to create hyperlinks to videos located on a CD or DVD and test that they launch correctly from the classroom computer. It also lists some of the media available from textbook products that correspond to chapter topics and concepts.
Ryan’S Bio Final Project
The document provides an overview of topics covered in a biology course, including scientific method, nature of life, cells, biochemistry, genetics, evolution, ecology, and human impacts. It discusses key concepts such as the structures and functions of plant and animal cells, diffusion and osmosis, DNA replication, genetic disorders, natural selection, ecosystem interactions, and the greenhouse effect. Safety protocols for laboratories are also outlined.
Ryan’S Bio Final Project
The document provides an overview of various topics in biology including cells, DNA, genetics, evolution, and ecology. It discusses key concepts such as the scientific method, cell structures, mitosis, biochemical reactions, DNA replication, genetic disorders, natural selection, photosynthesis, and human impact on the biosphere. Safety protocols for laboratories are also mentioned.
general-biology-1-discussion-and-practice-materials.pdf
This document provides an overview of a biology module on cells. It includes:
- An introduction to cells as the basic building blocks of life, composed of organelles that perform specialized functions.
- Learning objectives that cover cell structures and functions, transport mechanisms, cellular division and energy production.
- Outlines of lessons that will examine the cell theory, structures and modifications of plant and animal cells, and methods of substance transport.
- Resources including a textbook, online materials and formative assessments to support learning over the 5-week module.
15 lecture presentation0
- The Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago and the first prokaryotes evolved by 3.5 billion years ago. Prokaryotes dominated early life on Earth for over 2 billion years before eukaryotes evolved around 2.1 billion years ago.
- Multicellular eukaryotes first evolved around 1.2 billion years ago and all major animal phyla were established by the end of the Cambrian explosion around 540 million years ago. Plants and fungi colonized land around 500 million years ago.
- Early life may have started through chemical processes that led to the abiotic synthesis of organic polymers like proteins and nucleic acids, which eventually assembled into the first prokaryotic cells through natural
Eukaryotic Cells In Childhood
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells differ in their complexity. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles like the nucleus and have complex DNA, while prokaryotic cells lack organelles and have simpler circular DNA. Key differences include eukaryotes having a nucleus to store DNA while prokaryotes store DNA in the nucleoid region, and eukaryotes being generally larger with the ability to divide work intracellularly due to specialized organelles.
Apologia Biology - updated Module 9 & 10 (bact virus) (protist fungi).pptx
This document provides an overview of prokaryotes and viruses from the Apologia Biology course. It begins with a brief history of microscopy and the development of modern taxonomy. It then discusses the domains of life, focusing on archaea and bacteria. Various shapes, habitats, and modes of feeding are described for bacteria. The document also discusses classification, with keys being used to identify organisms. It concludes with information about protists and different types of algae.
Cell structure prokaryotes_vmc
The document provides information about Science Prof Online (SPO), a free science education website that offers various educational resources like virtual classrooms, PowerPoints, articles and images. It details the types of materials available on SPO like practice questions, lecture slides, video tutorials and more. The document also provides guidance on how to access and use the PowerPoint slides available on SPO, such as downloading editable or non-editable versions. It concludes by crediting the chief creators of SPO and their contact information.
Biotech
Biotechnology uses biological systems and organisms to develop products and processes. It includes applications in agriculture, medicine, and food science. Traditional drugs are small molecules that treat disease symptoms, while biopharmaceuticals are large protein molecules that target disease mechanisms. Biopharmaceuticals are produced using living cells like bacteria or yeast, whereas small molecule drugs are synthesized through chemistry. The key distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles while prokaryotic cells do not.
Intro to cells
This PowerPoint presentation provides an introduction to cells for a semester 1 energy conversion unit. It covers the history of cell discovery from Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schwann, and Virchow. It describes the key aspects of the cell theory and the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The presentation explains that all cells share a cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material, and ribosomes, but differ in structures like organelles and nuclei. It highlights the organization of cells into tissues, organs, and organ systems within multicellular organisms.
1.5 origin of the cells
The document discusses the origin of the first cells. It begins by explaining that cells can only arise from the division of pre-existing cells, and that the first cells must have originated from non-living material on Earth. It then describes several key steps in the emergence of early life, including the synthesis of organic molecules, their assembly into polymers, the formation of membranes, and the development of molecules that could self-replicate like RNA. The document also discusses evidence supporting these events, such as the Miller-Urey experiment. Finally, it explains the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of eukaryotic cells, where mitochondria and chloroplasts arose through the engulfment and retention of ancient bacteria.
The Differences Between Eukaryotic And Prokaryotic Cells
The essay discusses the theory of endosymbiosis, where eukaryotic cells were formed when a prokaryotic cell ingested aerobic bacteria. Over time, the bacteria evolved into organelles in the host cell through endosymbiosis. This includes how mitochondria likely evolved from ingested aerobic bacteria and chloroplasts from ingested photosynthetic bacteria. Endosymbiosis played a key role in the development of complex eukaryotic cells from simpler prokaryotic cells.
Module 7 OverviewOrigin and Classification of LifeThe origin o.docx
Module 7 Overview
Origin and Classification of Life
The origin of life has been of great debate for centuries. This module will outline the various ideas of how life and Earth itself developed. You will learn the evidence for multiple theories on the origin of life and the evolution of these theories based on new scientific findings.
This module will also focus upon one of the most important achievements of the science of biology: the classification of organisms and the creation of an internationally agreed upon system of nomenclature. Understanding how organisms are classified provides an important basis for any future studies in ecology.
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
10A
Describe the evidence used to suggest an extraterrestrial source for life on earth.
10B
State the most probable physical conditions on early Earth and the changes thought to have happened before life could exist.
10C
Differentiate between the concepts of spontaneous generation and biogenesis.
10D
Examine the chemical and physical events that must have occurred to have life originate on Earth.
10E
Describe the different hypotheses for what the first living thing might have been like.
10F
Identify the way in which organisms have caused the atmosphere of the earth to change.
10G
State the order and approximate times for major evolutionary events.
10H
Examine the endosymbiotic theory.
10I
Explain the experimental evidence for the origin of life from organic and inorganic material.
10J
Distinguish between taxonomy and phylogeny.
10K
Describe the kinds of tools used to establish phylogenetic relationships.
10L
Distinguish among viruses, viroids, and prions.
10M
Describe the scientific method for naming organisms.
11A
List and give distinguishing characteristics of the kingdoms within the Domain Eukarya.
11B
Distinguish between Bacteria and Archaea.
11C
Explain the features that differentiate organisms as microbes.
11D
List the basic characteristics of members of the Protista, Archaea, Bacteria, and Fungi.
11E
Identify the type of environments in which microorganisms live.
Module 7 Reading Assignment
Enger, E. D., Ross, F. C., & Bailey, D. B. (2012). Concepts in biology (14th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Chapters 19, 20, and 21.
Optional Reading Assignment:
Chapter 22, The Plant Kingdom, and Chapter 23, The Animal Kingdom.
Origin and Classification of Life
Scientists have broken down life into domains of organisms. Scientists believe that at first life, there was first the bacteria domain. The bacteria domain was followed by the archaea domain and finally, the eucarya domain. Domain bacteria and domain archaea remain the same and have not been further broken down. Domain eucarya was further broken down into the plant kingdom, the fungi kingdom, and the animal kingdom.
Organisms live on, in, and within all types of environments. Organisms can be found from pole to pole and everywhere in between. This includ ...
IB Biology Core 2.1: Cell Theory
The cell theory states that cells are the basic unit of life, new cells are formed from existing cells, and cells and their products make up living organisms. Evidence for the cell theory came from early microscope observations by Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, and others showing the presence of cells. Schleiden and Schwann combined these observations with their own work to propose the first two principles of the cell theory. Virchow later added the third principle that cells only arise from pre-existing cells. Unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life, while multicellular organisms show emergent properties and cell differentiation allows specialization of function.
Unit 3, Lesson 3.3 - The Cell Theory
The document discusses the history and development of the cell theory, beginning with Hooke and Leeuwenhoek's early observations of cells in the 1600s and culminating in the three main points of the modern cell theory - that all living things are made of cells, cells come from pre-existing cells, and cells are the basic unit of life. It also outlines the key contributions of scientists like Schwann, Schleiden, and Virchow that led to the modern understanding that cells are the fundamental building blocks of all living organisms.
Chapter 1 cell Bio
This document provides an introduction to cell biology. It discusses key topics like what is a cell, the cell theory, differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, cell size and structure, and early discoveries of cells by scientists like Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, and Schwann. It also outlines course policies and provides an overview of topics to be covered, including cell organelles, cell types, microscopy, and cell evolution.
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Po l2e ch01 lecture principles of life edited sphs
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Living Systems. eukaryotes. best pix. figures1.ppt
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Apologia Biology - updated Module 9 & 10 (bact virus) (protist fungi).pptx
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Lecture 1 bioscience overview 592010 post with videos
- 1. Online Bioscience Course for IT Professionals Spring 2010
- 3. Lecture 1: Biosciences Overview
- 5. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =zKNZjP9BdCw The “Big Picture”-an Overview
- 6. What is Life?: Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1) - Cite This Source - Share This life laɪf/ Pronunciation Key - Show Spelled Pronunciation [lahyf] Pronunciation Key - Show IPA Pronunciation noun, plural lives laɪvz/ Pronunciation Key - Show Spelled Pronunciation [lahyvz] Pronunciation Key - Show IPA Pronunciation , adjective – noun 1.the condition that distinguishes organisms from inorganic objects and dead organisms, being manifested by growth through metabolism, reproduction, and the power of adaptation to environment through changes originating internally. 2.the sum of the distinguishing phenomena of organisms, esp. metabolism, growth, reproduction, and adaptation to environment.
- 8. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqGztEExN4Y The Andromeda Strain: It’s a Crystal!
- 11. The Basic Unit of Life on Earth is the Cell-and there are Two Types: Prokaryote Eukaryote plant animal
- 12. Prokaryotic Cell Structure Prokaryote=no nucleus
- 13. Eukaryotic Animal Cell Structure Eukaryote=has a nucleus
- 14. Eukaryotic Plant Cell Structure
- 15. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =MMrvmZ2i1sE The “Inner Life” of a Eukaryotic Cell
- 16. Size-Eukaryotes are Generally Bigger than Prokaryotes
- 17. Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes have Different Genetic Structures as Well…
- 19. from Doolittle, W. Ford (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 12751-12753 The Tree of Life:
- 22. The “Central Dogma” of Molecular Biology: DNA RNA PROTEIN START STOP TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION REPLICATION GENE CODONS AMINO ACIDS
- 23. The “Central Dogma” in Action: http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v = NJxobgkPEAo
- 24. Molecular Biology's Central Dogma- The Movie! (everything to scale)! http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =GkdRdik73kU
- 26. Proteins act as Enzymes: http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v = cbZsXjgPDLQ
- 27. Proteins act as Machines: http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =InIha7bCTjM&feature=related
- 29. Next Week: Biomolecules, Viruses and Cells More details on the chemicals and molecules that make up cells and viruses…what they look like and how they work…
- 30. Instructor Mark E Minie PhD [email_address]