4. Canser is disease
characterized by cells that
grow and divide without
respect to normol control
invade and destroy adjacent
tissues
5. men women
lung cancer
stomach cancer
prostate cancer
breast cancer
stomach cancer
uterus
lung
rectum and colon
skin
Oncological diseases take the third place after
diseases of the cardiovascular system and injuries.
More than 6 million new cases are registered
annually.
The most frequent location of the tumour
• Mortality is 20% of the total mortality rate. 5-
year survival rate – 40%
6. Tumor malignant –
20%
Tumor benign –
80%
Cancer
Adults – 60%
Children – 20%
Sarcoma
Adults – 40%
Children – 80%
7. Cancer is a malignant neoplasm of epithelial
tissue.
Sarcoma - malignant neoplasm made of
connective tissue.
Squamous cell cancer – tumor from flat
epithelium
Adenocarcinoma is a tumor of glandular
epithelium
8. Malignant
Atypia (unusual) and
polymorphism
(diversity) of cells
rapid cell growth
MTS
tend to recur
Intoxication and
cachexia
Benign
-
grows slowly
No MTS
No recurrence
no effect on the general
condition
9. TYPE TUMOR DISEASE
TISSUE FROM WHICH THE TUMOR
COMES
1. Carcinoma or
cancer
2. Melanoma
3. Sarcoma
1. Epithelial tissue (cancer
prostate, lung, breast, colon)
2. melanocytes (skin melanoma,
retina, mucous membranes)
3. Connective tissue, bone, and
muscle (mesenchyme) (Soft
tissue sarcoma, uterine
sarcoma, honrosarkoma,
osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma
10. TYPE TUMOR DISEASE
TISSUE FROM WHICH
THE TUMOR COMES
4. Leukosis
5. Lymphoma
6. Teratoma
4. Bone marrow stem cells
5. Lymphatic tissue (Hodgkin's
lymphoma, Hodgkin's
disease, lymphoma
nehodzhinskie)
6. The germ cells (teratoma in
the ovaries, testes, in the
sacrococcygeal region in the
brain)
11. TYPE TUMOR DISEASE TISSUE FROM WHICH
THE TUMOR COMES
7. Glioma
8. Choriocarcinoma
7. Glial cells (glioma brain)
8. Placental tissue
(choriocarcinoma of the
uterus, ovaries, fallopian
tubes, abdominal ectopic
choriocarcinoma)
12. Cancer affects 1 in 3
of us in our lifetime.
Over 70% of cancers
happen to people who
are over the age of 50
Cancer can affect
people of all ages
Cancer causes about
13% of all death
13. Chemical Carcinogens
Substances that cause
DNA mutaions are known
as mutagens
Tobacco smoking is
associated with lung
cancer
Alcohol is associated with
stomach, liver, mouth
cancer
15. Local Symptoms:
Unusual lumps or tumor
Hemorrhage (bleeding)
Pain and ulceration
Compression of surrounding
16. Enlarged lymph nodes
Cough, especially blood in cough
Bone pain, fracture of affected bones
Systematic Symptoms:
Weight loss
Poor appetite and severe weight loss
Excessive sweating especially at night
Anemia
17. MTS
As a result of tumor growth, individual cells
can break off and enter into the blood, lymph
and other tissues.
Ways of MTS:
1. lymphogenous
2. hematogenous
3. implantation
18. COMMON CANCER TYPES
1.Colorectal Cancer
•family history
•low fiber diet
•history of rectal polyps
2.Skin Cancer
•Excessive exposure
•Fair complexion
•Work with coal, tar
3.Stomach Cancer
•Family history
•Diet heavy in smoked, picked or
salted foods
19. 4.Esophageal Cancer
•heavy alcohol comsumption
•smoking
5.Prostate Cancer
•increasing of age
•family history
•diet high in animal fat
6.Lung Cancer
•cigarette smoking
•asbestos, arsenic and radon exposure
•secondhand smoke
20. unusual lumps or swelling (tumor),
hemorrhage (bleeding),
pain and/or ulceration.
Compression of surrounding tissues may
cause symptoms such as jaundice.
21. Enlarged lymph nodes,
Cough, especially blood in cough,
enlarged liver,
bone pain, fracture of affected bones.
Although advanced cancer may cause pain,
it is often not the first symptom.
22. weight loss,
poor appetite and severe weight loss,
excessive sweating especially at night,
anemia
23. Cancers are recognized either because-
signs or symptoms appear,
screening.
Biopsy
A cancer may be suspected for a variety of
reasons, but the definitive diagnosis of most
malignancies must be confirmed by
histological examination of the cancerous
cells by a pathologist.
24. .
These commonly include
blood tests, X-rays, CT
scans and a camera
test(endoscopy).
Chest x-ray showing lung
cancer in the left lung.
25. TREATMENT
Cancer can be treated by
Surgery
Radiation therapy
Drug therapy:
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
Hormonal therapy
26. Ablation - it is different measures, it’s aim is to destroy
existing tumor: during surgery take away all the tumor
elements within the healthy tissue. any tumor cell should
not stay in place of operations.
Antiablation - a set of preventive measures, it’s aim is
to prevent the development of metastases.
For example: prevention of tumor elements entering into
the intersection during surgery blood and lymph vessels
as well as preoperative and postoperative radiation
effect that reduces the viability of tumor cells.
27. Radical - is cure of the patient, removal of
the tumor and MTS
Palliative - is reduction of tumor and delay
its growth. Increase life expectancy of the
patient.
Symptomatic- is without treatment of
primary tumor (removal of symptoms of
disease associated with tumor.
For example: anastomosis in stomach
cancer
28. I A gr. – patients with pretumor disease
I B gr. – patients with suspected cancer
II gr. – cancer patients, needed in radical
therapy
III gr. – cancer patients after radical therapy
(observation)
IV gr. – cancer patients (palliative and
symptomatic therapy)
29. Cancer has a reputation for being a deadly
disease.
With modern treatment the prognosis is
improving and actually much better than
heart attack or stroke in some cases.
30. Modifiable ("lifestyle") risk factors
Alcohol consumption (associated with
increased risk of oral, esophageal, breast,
and other cancers),
smoking
physical inactivity (associated with
increased risk of colon, breast, and
possibly other cancers),
overweight (associated with colon, breast,
endometrial, and possibly other cancers).
31. 1. What is the oncology?
2. What types (kinds) of cancer?
3. What are the different between malignant
and benign tumors?
4. What are the symptoms?
5. What is the MTS?
6. What is symptoms MTS?
7. What are causes of cancer?
8. What are the treatment for cancer?
