this is a slideshow about cancer and treatment and types of cancer i hope you will get a use of it

1. Cancer
Prepared by : Muhammad Hakim & Soma Abas & Shnyar

2. statistics of cancer in the world 2018
 The global cancer burden is estimated to have risen to 18.1 million
new cases and 9.6 million deaths in2018. One in 5 men and one in 6
women worldwide develop cancer during their lifetime, and one in 8
men and one in 11 women die from the disease.
 The increasing cancer burden is due to several factors, including
population growth and ageing as well as the changing prevalence of
certain causes of cancer linked to social and economic development.
This is particularly true in rapidly growing economies, where a shift is
observed from cancers related to poverty and infections to cancers
associated with lifestyles more typical of industrialized countries.

3. Cancer
What is cancer ?

4. Cancer definition
 Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal
cell growth with the potential to invade or spread
to other parts of the body .

5. • Cancer is caused by certain changes to genes, the basic physical
units of inheritance. Genes are arranged in long strands of tightly
packed DNA called chromosomes.
• Cancer is a genetic disease—that is, it is caused by changes to
genes that control the way our cells function
How Cancer Arises

6. How Cancer Arises (cont…)
 They can also arise during a person’s lifetime as a result
of errors that occur as cells divide or because of damage
to DNA caused by certain environmental exposures.

7. Tissue Changes that Are Not Cancer
 Normal cells may become cancer cells. Before cancer cells form in tissues of
the body, the cells go through abnormal changes called hyperplasia and
dysplasia. In hyperplasia, there is an increase in the number of cells in an
organ or tissue that appear normal under a microscope. In dysplasia, the cells
look abnormal under a microscope but are not cancer. Hyperplasia and
dysplasia may or may not become cancer.

8. Types of Cancer
 There are more than 100 types of cancer. Types of cancer
are usually named for the organs or tissues where the
cancers form. For example, lung cancer starts in cells of
the lung, and brain cancer starts in cells of the brain…

9. Types of Cancer(cont..)
Lung cancer
 Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant
lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in
tissues of the lung. This growth can spread beyond the
lung by the process of metastasis into nearby tissue or
other parts of the body.

10. Types of Cancer(cont..)
Bone cancer
 Primary bone cancer is cancer that forms in cells
of the bone.
Signs and symptoms of bone cancer include:
 Bone pain.
 Swelling and tenderness near the affected area.
 Weakened bone, leading to fracture.
 Fatigue.
 Unintended weight loss.

11. Types of Cancer(cont..)
Brain tumor
 A brain tumor is a collection, or mass, of
abnormal cells in your brain. Your skull, which
encloses your brain, is very rigid. Any growth
inside such a restricted space can cause
problems. Brain tumors can be cancerous
(malignant) or noncancerous

12. Types of Cancer(cont..)
Skin cancer
 Skin cancer is the uncontrolled growth of
abnormal skin cells. It occurs when unrepaired
DNA damage to skin cells (most often caused by
ultraviolet radiation from sunshine or tanning
beds) triggers mutations, or genetic defects, that
lead the skin cells to multiply rapidly and form
malignant tumors.

13. Types of Cancer(cont..)
Melanoma
 Melanoma is cancer that begins in cells that become
melanocytes, which are specialized cells that make
melanin (the pigment that gives skin its color). Most
melanomas form on the skin, but melanomas can also
form in other pigmented tissues, such as the eye.

14. Types of Cancer(cont..)
Leukemia
 Cancers that begin in the blood-forming tissue of the bone marrow are
called leukemias. These cancers do not form solid tumors. Instead,
large numbers of abnormal white blood cells (leukemia cells and
leukemic blast cells) build up in the blood and bone marrow, crowding
out normal blood cells. The low level of normal blood cells can make
it harder for the body to get oxygen to its tissues, control bleeding, or
fight infections.

15. What are some general signs and symptoms
of cancer?
 You should know some of the general signs and symptoms
of cancer. But remember, having any of these does not
mean that you have cancer – many other things cause
these signs and symptoms, too. If you have any of these
symptoms and they last for a long time or get worse,
please see a doctor to find out what’s going on.

16. Signs of cancer
Unexplained weight loss
Most people with cancer will lose weight at some point.
When you lose weight for no known reason, it’s called
an unexplained weight loss. An unexplained weight loss of 10
pounds or more may be the first sign of cancer. This happens
most often with cancers of the pancreas, stomach,

17. Signs of cancer ( cont…)
 Fatigue
 Pain
 Skin changes
 Nagging cough or hoarseness
 Thickening in parts of the body

18. What causes cancer?
 Cancer is caused by accumulated damage to genes. Such
changes may be due to chance or to exposure to a cancer
causing substance.
 The substances that cause cancer are called carcinogens.
A carcinogen may be a chemical substance

19. Lifestyle-related factors that cause cancer
include:
 smoking
 alcohol
 UV radiation in sunlight
 some food-related factors, such as nitrites and poly aromatic hydrocarbons
generated by barbecuing food).

20. Radiation can cause cancer:
 X-ray radiation, soil radon)
 the sun’s ultraviolet radiation)

21. Some drugs may increase the risk of
cancer:
• certain antineoplastic agents
• certain hormones
• medicines that cause immune deficiency

22. Types of Cancer Treatment
There are many types of cancer treatment. The types of
treatment that you receive will depend on the type of cancer
you have and how advanced it is.
Some people with cancer will have only one treatment. But
most people have a combination of treatments

23. Cancer cure
Surgery
 When used to treat cancer, surgery is a procedure in
which a surgeon removes cancer from your body

24. Cancer cure ( cont …)
Radiation Therapy
 Radiation therapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses
high doses of radiation to kill cancer

25. Cancer cure ( cont …)
Chemotherapy
 Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses
drugs to kill cancer cells

26. Cancer cure ( cont …)
Immunotherapy to Treat Cancer
 Immunotherapy is a type of treatment that helps your
immune system fight cancer.

27. Cancer cure ( cont …)
Targeted Therapy
 Targeted therapy is a type of cancer treatment that
targets the changes in cancer cells that help them grow

28. References:
Tumor Grade
pathology reports
metastatic cancer
common cancer myths and misconceptions
https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types

29. Thanks
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