lec_359708_ch9molmarker.ppt
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Molecular markers are useful tools for distinguishing plant varieties and genotypes. Some common types of molecular markers include isozyme markers, which analyze variations in enzyme activity, and DNA-based markers like RFLPs, SSRs, RAPDs, AFLPs, and SNPs. DNA-based markers detect polymorphisms by analyzing patterns in DNA sequences and can be used to study genetics, identify genotypes, and assist in plant breeding through marker-assisted selection.
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Molecular markers such as RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SSR, SNPs, and ESTs can be used to detect polymorphisms at the DNA level. SSR markers, also known as microsatellites, detect length polymorphisms in tandem repeats of short nucleotide motifs. SSRs are widely distributed in genomes and show high levels of variation, making them useful for applications like genetic mapping, variety identification, and marker-assisted selection.
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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is most important Solanacous vegetable grown worldwide for
its edible fruits. Various marker techniques have been successfully applied, either individually or in
combination to study the genetic diversity of this crop. A Study to assess the usefulness of different
markers system for analyzing the genetic diversity and relation between different varieties and to find out
correlation between marker systems revealed that all tested tomato cultivars could be differentiated from
each other based on either morphological/protein/RAPD markers individually, and can be applied for
grouping of cultivars, pedigree analysis and genetic diversity analysis. However, markers system used in
this study showed variations in understanding the genetic relation between studied varieties.
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Marker is a piece of DNA associated with a trait. There are four main types of markers: morphological, biochemical, chromosomal, and genetic. Molecular markers reveal DNA level variations and have advantages like being co-dominant, allowing nondestructive assays, and being randomly distributed throughout the genome. Common molecular marker techniques include RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, microsatellites, and SNPs. Molecular markers can be used for applications like gene mapping, disease diagnosis, evolution studies, parentage determination, and marker assisted selection in animal breeding.
Molecular markers.ppt
Marker is a piece of DNA associated with a trait. There are four main types of markers: morphological, biochemical, chromosomal, and genetic. Molecular markers reveal DNA level variations and have advantages like being co-dominant, allowing nondestructive assays, and being randomly distributed throughout the genome. Common molecular marker techniques include RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, microsatellites, and SNPs. Molecular markers can be used for applications like gene mapping, disease diagnosis, evolution studies, parentage determination, and marker assisted selection in animal breeding.
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2. Common molecular marker techniques include RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SSR, and SNP. Each has advantages and disadvantages such as reproducibility, cost, and amount of DNA required.
3. Molecular markers allow for selection of traits without being influenced by environmental factors and can speed up breeding by identifying superior genotypes earlier. Marker assisted selection is used to improve both qualitative and quantitative traits.
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The document discusses strategies for genotyping using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). It describes different types of molecular markers that have been used over time, including restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs), simple sequence repeats (SSRs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and SNPs. It also provides details on different SNP genotyping techniques ranging from low to high throughput, such as gel electrophoresis, fluorescent PCR, mass spectrometry and various array-based methods. The document outlines the process of developing a high density 480K SNP array for apple, including SNP discovery by resequencing accessions and filtering SNPs for the array design.
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This document discusses molecular markers and their characteristics. Molecular markers reveal DNA variation and have co-dominant expression, are nondestructive, have complete penetrance, early phenotypic expression, high polymorphism, and are randomly distributed throughout the genome. Their analysis can be automated. Examples of molecular markers discussed include RFLPs, microsatellites, STSs, AFLPs, RAPDs, and SNPs. Molecular markers have various applications, including gene mapping, prenatal disease diagnosis, evolutionary studies, animal breeding through conventional and transgenic strategies, and for short range goals like parentage determination and long range goals like gene mapping and QTL identification.
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molecular markers_by dr neelesh kapoor svpuat.pptx
Molecular markers are DNA sequences that can be used to detect genetic variation between individuals. There are several types of molecular markers including restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), and simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Molecular markers have various applications including measuring genetic diversity, fingerprinting, marker-assisted selection, and identification of genotypes. They provide powerful tools for genetic analysis in plants and animals.
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This presentation discusses marker assisted selection (MAS) for herbicide resistance. MAS uses DNA markers linked to target genes to predict phenotypes, allowing selection earlier than phenotypic screening. The presentation provides advantages of MAS like simpler screening and selection at seedling stage. A case study of MAS for herbicide resistance in sunflower is described, where different markers like SSRs, CAPS and SNPs were developed for alleles conferring resistance. Transgenic approaches for herbicide resistance using selectable marker genes like pat/bar for phosphinothricin and epsps/aroA for glyphosate resistance are also summarized.
A f l p
AFLP is a PCR-based DNA fingerprinting technique that uses restriction enzymes to digest genomic DNA and ligate adaptors to the restriction fragments. Selected fragments are amplified using primers complementary to the adaptors. This yields highly specific and reproducible genotypic data that can be used for applications like monitoring inheritance of traits, disease diagnosis, forensic analysis, and species identification. AFLP provides polymorphic profiles even with small amounts of DNA without requiring prior genome knowledge.
marker.pptx
1. The document discusses different types of molecular markers used in animal breeding including morphological, biochemical, chromosomal, genetic, RFLP, microsatellite, SNP, and their characteristics.
2. Molecular markers have advantages over traditional markers as they reveal DNA-level variations and can be used at any tissue/development stage.
3. The document outlines several applications of molecular markers in animal breeding including parentage determination, genetic mapping, marker-assisted selection, and identification of transgenic animals.
Molecular markers for measuring genetic diversity
Molecular markers for measuring genetic diversity
Introduction:
The molecular basis of the essential biological phenomena in plants is crucial for the effective conservation, management, and efficient utilization of plant genetic resources (PGR).
Determining genetic diversity can be based on morphological, biochemical, and molecular types of information. However, molecular markers have advantages over other kinds, where they show genetic differences on a more detailed level without interferences from environmental factors, and where they involve techniques that provide fast results detailing genetic diversity
Comparison of different methods
Morphological characterization does not require expensive technology but large tracts of land are often required for these experiments, making it possibly more expensive than molecular assessment. These traits are often susceptible to phenotypic plasticity; conversely, this allows assessment of diversity in the presence of environmental variation.
Biochemical analysis is based on the separation of proteins into specific banding patterns. It is a fast method which requires only small amounts of biological material. However, only a limited number of enzymes are available and thus, the resolution of diversity is limited.
Molecular analyses comprise a large variety of DNA molecular markers, which can be employed for analysis of variation. Different markers have different genetic qualities (they can be dominant or co-dominant, can amplify anonymous or characterized loci, can contain expressed or non-expressed sequences, etc.).
Genetic marker
The concept of genetic markers is not a new one; in the nineteenth century, Gregor Mendel employed phenotype-based genetic markers in his experiments. Later, phenotype-based genetic markers for Drosophila melanogaster led to the founding of the theory of genetic linkage. A genetic marker is an easily identifiable piece of genetic material, usually DNA that can be used in the laboratory to tell apart cells, individuals, populations, or species. The use of genetic markers begins with extracting proteins or chemicals (for biochemical markers) or DNA (for molecular markers) from tissues of the plant (for example, seeds, foliage, pollen, sometimes woody tissues).
Molecular markers In genetics, a molecular marker (identified as genetic marker) is a fragment of DNA that is associated with a certain location within the genome. Molecular markers which detect variation at the DNA level such as nucleotide changes: deletion, duplication, inversion and/or insertion. Markers can exhibit two modes of inheritance, i.e. dominant/recessive or co-dominant. If the genetic pattern of homozygotes can be distinguished from that of heterozygotes, then a marker is said to be co-dominant. Generally co-dominant markers are more informative than the
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molecular markers ,application in plant breeding
1. The document discusses a seminar on applying molecular markers in plant breeding. It defines different types of markers including morphological, cytological, biochemical, and DNA/molecular markers.
2. It describes various molecular marker techniques like RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, and SSR. The techniques differ in characteristics like being dominant or co-dominant.
3. Molecular markers have important applications in plant breeding like marker-assisted selection, genetic diversity analysis, germplasm characterization, variety identification, and gene pyramiding.
4. Two case studies demonstrate the use of SSR markers to study genetic diversity in aromatic rice accessions and identify hybrids in sunflower. Specific markers were
Molecular markers
Molecular markers are DNA sequences that can be used to identify differences between individuals. They are found at specific locations in the genome and can be used to track inheritance of traits. Common types include RFLPs, RAPDs, AFLPs, SSRs, and SNPs. RFLPs detect differences in fragment lengths after restriction enzyme digestion and probing. RAPDs use random PCR primers to amplify polymorphic loci. AFLPs combine restriction digestion and PCR to detect multiple loci. SSRs are co-dominant markers based on differences in repeated microsatellite sequences. Molecular markers are powerful tools for genetic mapping, diversity analysis, fingerprinting, and marker-assisted selection.
AFLP.doc
AFLP is a DNA fingerprinting technique that detects polymorphisms across the entire genome. It combines restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) methods. The AFLP process involves digesting genomic DNA with restriction enzymes, ligating adapters to the fragments, selectively amplifying subsets of fragments via PCR using adapter-specific primers with attached selective nucleotides, and separating the amplified fragments on a gel. This technique generates 50-100 restriction fragments per sample and is highly reproducible, sensitive, and applicable to any organism, making it widely used for developing polymorphic markers and genetic maps.
Molecular marker by anil bl gather
1. Molecular markers are DNA sequences that can be used to identify specific locations or genes on chromosomes. Different types of molecular markers include isozymes, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
2. Molecular markers have a variety of uses in genetics and forensic analysis. RFLPs and VNTRs can be used for DNA fingerprinting and identifying individuals. SNP markers allow for analysis of genetic variations between individuals and populations. Molecular markers are also used for genome mapping and marker-assisted breeding in plants and animals.
3. There are several techniques used to detect molecular markers, including gel electrophoresis, Southern blot
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1. Molecular markers are DNA polymorphisms that can be used to identify genetic differences between individuals. They are used for various applications in vegetable crop breeding including assessing genetic diversity, gene tagging, varietal identification, and marker assisted selection.
2. Common molecular marker techniques include RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SSR, and SNP. Each has advantages and disadvantages such as reproducibility, cost, and amount of DNA required.
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AFLP is a PCR-based DNA fingerprinting technique that uses restriction enzymes to digest genomic DNA and ligate adaptors to the restriction fragments. Selected fragments are amplified using primers complementary to the adaptors. This yields highly specific and reproducible genotypic data that can be used for applications like monitoring inheritance of traits, disease diagnosis, forensic analysis, and species identification. AFLP provides polymorphic profiles even with small amounts of DNA without requiring prior genome knowledge.
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The molecular basis of the essential biological phenomena in plants is crucial for the effective conservation, management, and efficient utilization of plant genetic resources (PGR).
Determining genetic diversity can be based on morphological, biochemical, and molecular types of information. However, molecular markers have advantages over other kinds, where they show genetic differences on a more detailed level without interferences from environmental factors, and where they involve techniques that provide fast results detailing genetic diversity
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Biochemical analysis is based on the separation of proteins into specific banding patterns. It is a fast method which requires only small amounts of biological material. However, only a limited number of enzymes are available and thus, the resolution of diversity is limited.
Molecular analyses comprise a large variety of DNA molecular markers, which can be employed for analysis of variation. Different markers have different genetic qualities (they can be dominant or co-dominant, can amplify anonymous or characterized loci, can contain expressed or non-expressed sequences, etc.).
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The concept of genetic markers is not a new one; in the nineteenth century, Gregor Mendel employed phenotype-based genetic markers in his experiments. Later, phenotype-based genetic markers for Drosophila melanogaster led to the founding of the theory of genetic linkage. A genetic marker is an easily identifiable piece of genetic material, usually DNA that can be used in the laboratory to tell apart cells, individuals, populations, or species. The use of genetic markers begins with extracting proteins or chemicals (for biochemical markers) or DNA (for molecular markers) from tissues of the plant (for example, seeds, foliage, pollen, sometimes woody tissues).
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1. The document discusses a seminar on applying molecular markers in plant breeding. It defines different types of markers including morphological, cytological, biochemical, and DNA/molecular markers.
2. It describes various molecular marker techniques like RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, and SSR. The techniques differ in characteristics like being dominant or co-dominant.
3. Molecular markers have important applications in plant breeding like marker-assisted selection, genetic diversity analysis, germplasm characterization, variety identification, and gene pyramiding.
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Simpletechnologiesfortimelydetectionofinsectsinthestoredproduceandtherebyplantimelycontrolmeasures
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
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◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...
Neutralizing antibodies, pivotal in immune defense, specifically bind and inhibit viral pathogens, thereby playing a crucial role in protecting against and mitigating infectious diseases. In this slide, we will introduce what antibodies and neutralizing antibodies are, the production and regulation of neutralizing antibodies, their mechanisms of action, classification and applications, as well as the challenges they face.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Class 10 human eye notes physics
Handwritten best quality
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Sustainable Land Management presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
Context. The early-type galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter SDSS1335+0728), which had exhibited no prior optical variations during the preceding two decades, began showing significant nuclear variability in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream from December 2019 (as ZTF19acnskyy). This variability behaviour, coupled with the host-galaxy properties, suggests that SDSS1335+0728 hosts a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole (BH) that is currently in the process of ‘turning on’. Aims. We present a multi-wavelength photometric analysis and spectroscopic follow-up performed with the aim of better understanding the origin of the nuclear variations detected in SDSS1335+0728. Methods. We used archival photometry (from WISE, 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX, eROSITA) and spectroscopic data (from SDSS and LAMOST) to study the state of SDSS1335+0728 prior to December 2019, and new observations from Swift, SOAR/Goodman, VLT/X-shooter, and Keck/LRIS taken after its turn-on to characterise its current state. We analysed the variability of SDSS1335+0728 in the X-ray/UV/optical/mid-infrared range, modelled its spectral energy distribution prior to and after December 2019, and studied the evolution of its UV/optical spectra. Results. From our multi-wavelength photometric analysis, we find that: (a) since 2021, the UV flux (from Swift/UVOT observations) is four times brighter than the flux reported by GALEX in 2004; (b) since June 2022, the mid-infrared flux has risen more than two times, and the W1−W2 WISE colour has become redder; and (c) since February 2024, the source has begun showing X-ray emission. From our spectroscopic follow-up, we see that (i) the narrow emission line ratios are now consistent with a more energetic ionising continuum; (ii) broad emission lines are not detected; and (iii) the [OIII] line increased its flux ∼ 3.6 years after the first ZTF alert, which implies a relatively compact narrow-line-emitting region. Conclusions. We conclude that the variations observed in SDSS1335+0728 could be either explained by a ∼ 106M⊙ AGN that is just turning on or by an exotic tidal disruption event (TDE). If the former is true, SDSS1335+0728 is one of the strongest cases of an AGNobserved in the process of activating. If the latter were found to be the case, it would correspond to the longest and faintest TDE ever observed (or another class of still unknown nuclear transient). Future observations of SDSS1335+0728 are crucial to further understand its behaviour. Key words. galaxies: active– accretion, accretion discs– galaxies: individual: SDSS J133519.91+072807.4
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.Recently uploaded (20)
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry 2003.pdf
Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry 2003.pdf
lec_359708_ch9molmarker.ppt
- 1. Molecular Marker Characterization of plant genot Morphological markers Physiological markers Biochemical markers Molecular markers etc.
- 2. Widely-used marke To distinguish varieties / genotype by observation / measurement Characteristics: growth habit, fruit color, shape resp rate, PS content, hormone fruit size, plant height, sugar c
- 3. Molecular Marker Useful when other methods not av Very similar morphology / ana Growth and development stag Environmental factors Analysis of banding patterns Statistics for evaluation of polymo
- 4. Molecular marker Study and management of geneti Identifying and distinguishing ge Marker assisted selection (MAS) Complementary tool for DUS stud Distinctiveness / Uniformity /
- 5. Molecular markers Protein-based marker: Isozyme multiple molecular forms of similar / identical catalytic a enzyme assay on PAGE DNA-based marker
- 7. Isozyme marker Enzyme Isozyme locus # al Shikimate dehydrogenase Sdh-1 1 Phosphoglucose isomerase Pgi-1 2 Pgi-2 2 Aminonentidase Amp-1 3 Amp-2 4 Amp-3 3 Amp-4 4 Alcohol dehydrogenase Adh-1 2 Phosphogluconate dehydrogenasePgd-1 2 Pgd-2 1 Glu oxaloacetate transaminase Got-1 1 Got-3 1
- 8. DNA-based marker Approach: Hybridization Polymerase Chain Reaction Types: RFLP Minisatellite RAPD SCAR SSR AFLP SNP
- 9. DNA-based marker Patterns of small DNA sequence Constant landmarks in the geno May or May not have biological Linked to conserved or variable
- 10. RFLPs Restriction Fragment Length Polymo Digestion with restriction enzym Size fractionation on agarose ge Southern hybridization (genomic Analysis of hybridized restriction fra
- 11. RFLPs Polymorphism: homologous pieces of differe mutation on restriction sites mutation between restriction
- 12. RFLPs Several bands per lane Highly polymorphic in a populatio at a locus – max 2 alleles in an Co-dominant marker Laborious / Time consuming Usually use isotope
- 13. RFLPs
- 14. PCR-RFLPs
- 15. SSR or microsatellite Simple Sequence Repeat several bases per repeat tandem repeats flanked by uni primer design based on flankin polymorphism: number of rep
- 16. SSR or microsatellite Easy to detect via PCR High polymorphism Co-dominant marker Library screening or Database se require for sequence identifi
- 18. RAPDs Random Amplified Polymorphic D PCR with 1 short primer (usu low annealing temperature primer annealing in inverted o at optimal distances amplified products analyzed o
- 19. RAPDs Polymorphisms: base changes at annealing site insertion/deletion within ampl Results: presence or absence of the Cannot distinguish homozygote / h
- 20. RAPDs Simple, fast, relatively inexpensive Many loci to be identified in 1 rxn Can be automated Inconsistent results (short primer / Less informative for mapping with different lengths not identifiab
- 21. RAPDs
- 22. AFLPs Amplified Fragment Length Polymor digestion with 2 enzymes (rare/f eg EcoRI and MseI ligation of synthetic adapters to pre-selective amplification primers corresponding to ad
- 23. AFLPs Amplified Fragment Length Polym selective amplification 1-5 nt added to 3’ end of e 1 nt added to each pri 1/16 amplified banding patterns analyzed by
- 24. AFLPs Many loci to be identified in 1 rx High efficiency in detecting polym More consistent pattern than RA Dominant marker Technically challenging / labor in
- 25. AFLPs
- 26. SNPs or SSCPs Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Single-Stranded Conformation Poly SNP: major genetic source of phe differentiate individuals within
- 27. SNPs or SSCPs Mobility of ssDNA dependent o looping or compaction Polymorphisms at a single locus base change by point mutat small insertion / deletion
- 28. SNPs or SSCPs Specific primers to amplify targe Asymmetric PCR (1 primer in Regular PCR (denaturing ds ss PCR products analyzed by ele Base change revealed by labeled in automated sequencer
- 29. SNPs or SSCPs Many approaches for detection PCR-RFLP primer extension allele specific oligonucleotid allele specific hybridization sequencing
- 30. SNPs or SSCPs