Slide to teach Manners of Articulation

1. English Phonology
Structure of Language

2. 1. m
2. n
3. ŋ
4. p
5. b
6. t
7. d
8. k
9. g
10. f
v
θ
ð
h
s
z
∫
ʒ
w
r
j
l
t∫
dʒ
Let’s play
a game!
• Finda partner
• Standbackto back
• Use one hand,andprepare your finger(s).
• On three,you jump, facingyour partner.
• Quickly countthetotalnumber of your
fingers plus your friend’s.
• Look atthenumber  andfind the
corresponding consonant.And choose one.
• As quickly aspossible, saya wordwhichhas
oneof thecorresponding sound.
• Who is faster?

3. Manners of
Articulation
Structure of Language

4. Manners of
Articulation
• howthey are articulated
• the way the airstreamis affectedas it
flows
• whether or notthe vocalcords
vibrate

5. Voiced vs Voiceless
• voiced = vocal cords are together; the
airstream forces its way through and
causes them to vibrate
• voiceless = vocal cords are apart so that air
flows freely through the glottis into the
oral cavity

6. Which one is +V? Which
one is –V?
[p]
[t]
[g]
[θ]
[b]
[d]
[k]
[ð]
[v]
[s]
[ʃ]
[tʃ]
[f]
[z]
[ʒ]
[d ʒ]

7. -V +V
Bilabial
p b
m w
Labiodental f v
(Inter)dental θ ð
Alveolar
t s d z
n l r
Palatal
ʃ tʃ ʒ dʒ
j
Velar
k g
ŋ
Glottal h

8. Manners of
Articulation
• howthey are articulated
• the way the airstreamis affectedas it
flows
• whether or notthe vocalcords
vibrate

9. Manners of
Articulation
1. Stops
2. Fricatives
3. Affricates
4. Approximants

10. Stops, or a ‘plosive’
• consonants;the airstreamis
completelyblockedin the oralcavity
fora short period,releasedwith a
burst of air.

11. Stops, or a ‘plosive’
Bilabial stops [p] [b] [m]
Alveolar stops [t] [d] [n]
Velar stops [k] [g] [ŋ]
Palatal stops [tʃ] [dʒ]

12. [p] vs [b]
[b] vs [m]

13. Nasal and Oral
Sounds
• Oralsounds =velumgoes up, blocking
the air from escapingthrough the nose
• Nasalsounds = velumdoes notraise,
air escapesthrough both nose and
mouth

15. Stops, or a ‘plosive’
Oral Nasal
Voiced b d g m n ŋ
Voiceless p t k

16. Fricatives
• the airflow isso severelyobstructed,
almost blockedand pushedthrough
theverynarrow opening,causing
friction

17. Fricatives
Labiodental frict’s [f] [v]
(Inter)dental frict’s [θ] [ð]
Alveolar frict’s [s] [z]
Palatal frict’s [ʃ] [ʒ]
Glottal frict’s [h]

18. Fricatives
• sibilant (hissing)
[s] [z] [ʃ] [ʒ]
• non-sibilant
[f] [v] [θ] [ð] [h]

19. Affricates
• a briefstopping (stop) of the air
stream,followedwith gradual,
obstructedreleasecausing some
friction (fricative)

20. Affricates
(Alveo)palatal-
affrics. [tʃ] [dʒ]

21. Approximants
• airstream partiallyhindered,the
articulatorsapproximatea frictional
closeness,withoutactualfriction

22. Approximants
Lateral approximants
[l]
Central approximants
[w] [j] [r]

23. PLACESOF ARTICULATION
Bilabial Labiodental Interdental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
-v +v -v +v -v +v -v +v -v +v -v +v -v +v
MANNERSOFARTICULATION
Stop
Nasal m n ŋ
Oral p b t d k g
Fricative
Sibilant s z ʃ ʒ h
Non-sibilant f v θ ð
Affricate tʃ dʒ
Approximant
Central w r j w
Lateral l

24. Naming a
Consonant
Structure of Language

25. Distinguishing a
Consonant
• voicing,nasality,and place-and-
mannerof articulation

26. Distinguishing a
Consonant
1. Vocal cords voiceless voiced
2. Lateral/central
3. Nasality oral nasal
4. Place ofartc. bilabial, dental, …
5. Manner of artc. stop, fricative, …
e.g. [p]
voiceless,central, (oral), bilabialstop

27. Distinguishing a
Consonant
1. Vocal cords voiceless voiced
2. Lateral/central
3. Nasality oral nasal
4. Place ofartc. bilabial, dental, …
5. Manner of artc. stop, fricative, …
e.g. [ŋ]
voiced, central,nasal,velar stop

28. 1. [m] voiced, central, nasal, bilabial stop
2. [l] voiced, lateral, oral, alveolar approximant
3. [r] voiced, central, oral, alveolar approximant
4. [t] voiceless, central, oral, alveolar stop
5. [b] voiced, central, oral, bilabial stop
6. [θ] voiceless, central, oral, dental fricative
7. [k] voiceless, central, oral, velar stop
8. [ʃ] voiceless, central, oral, palatal fricative
9. [ð] voiced, central, oral, dental fricative
10. [dʒ] voiced, central, oral, palatal affricate
11. [v] voiced, central, oral, labio-dental fricative
12. [s] voiceless, central, oral, alveolar fricative
13. [ʒ] voiced, central, oral, palatal fricative
14. [h] voiceless, central, oral, glottal fricative
15. [j] voiced, central, oral, palatal approximant
16. [n] voiced, central, nasal, alveolar stop
+v
-v
lateral
central
oral
nasal
bilabial
labio-dental
dental
alveolar
palatal
velar
glottal
stop
fricative
affricate
approxi-mant

29. Distinguishing a
Consonant
Actually, you don’t have to mentionoral all thetime, but
nasal should be named.
Also, ‘central’ does not have to be mentioned,as we only
have one lateral [l] sound in English.

30. References
• Finegan, E. (2008).Language:ItsStructureandUse,5th
Edition.
• Yule,G. (2010).TheStudyofLanguage,FourthEdition.
• Fromkin,V., Rodman, R., & Hyams, N. (2009).An
IntroductiontoLanguage,9th Edition.