Development of Face, Nose and Palate

1. DEVELOPMENT OF
FACE, NOSE AND
PALATE
(Page 65)
Dr. Sherif Fahmy

2. Development of Face
• Face is developed from 5 processes (prominences):
• One fronto-nasal process, 2 maxillary processes and
2 mandibular processes.
• Maxillary process is a foreward growth of dorsal
end if 1st
pharyngeal arch.
• Mandibular process is a forward growth of ventral
end of 1st
pharyngeal arch.
• These processes surround stmodeum (primitive
nasal and oral cavities). Bucco-pharyngeal
membrane will rupture to allow continuity between
oral and pharyngeal cavities.

3. Bucco-pharyngeal
membrane
Cloacal membrane
Cardiogenic area
Dr. Sherif Fahmy

4. Forebrain bulge
Pericardial bulge
Stomodeum
Bucco-pharyngeal
membrane
Pharynx
Dr. Sherif Fahmy

5. Dr. Sherif Fahmy

6. Maxillar
y
process
Mandibular
process
2nd
arch
Stomodeum
Forebrain
bulge
Fronto-nasal
process

7. Maxillary
process
Mandibular
process
Stomodeum
Pericardial bulge
Fronto-
nasal
process

8. Differentiation &
Fusion

9. Fronto-nasal process
Maxillary process
Mandibular
process
Pericardial bulge
Stomodeum

10. Fronto-nasal process
Maxillary process
Mandibular process
Stomodeum
Pericardial
bulge
Dr. Sherif Fahmy

11. Nasal placod
Stomodeum
Fronto-nasal
process
Dr. Sherif Fahmy

12. Cleft
Medial nasal
prominence
Lateral nasal
prominence
Nasal pit
Maxillary process
Developing
eye
Fronto-nasal
process
Mandibular
process
Dr. Sherif Fahmy

13. Nasal pits
Cleft
Medial nasal
prominence
Lateral nasal
prominence
Maxillary process
Dr. Sherif Fahmy

14. Cleft
Medial nasal
prominence
Lateral nasal
prominence
Maxillary process

15. Dr. Sherif Fahmy

16. Intermaxillary
segment
Dr. Sherif Fahmy

17. Intermaxillary
segment
Dr. Sherif Fahmy

20. Medial nasal
prominence
Lateral nasal
prominenece
Anterior nasal opening
Maxillary
process
Mandibular
process
Fronto-nasal process
Dr. Sherif Fahmy

21. Fronto-nasal Process
• Nasal placode: rounded thickening in the
lower lateral parts of the fronto-nasal
process.
• Nasal pits & prominences: invagination of
placode will form nasal pits which are
surrounded by medial & lateral nasal
prominences (folds).
• Intermaxillary segment: from fused medial
nasal prominences . It forms intermaxillary
segments that form middle part of nose,
filtrum, part of upper jaw that carries upper 4
incisors and primary palate.

22. Maxillary Process
• It is separated from side of fronto-nasal
process by naso-lacrimal groove, inside
which a cord of ectodermal cells is
formed then becomes canalized to form
naso-lacrimal duct. Its upper end forms
lacrimal sac.
• Maxillary process fuses with fronto-nasal
process covering naso-lacrimal duct.
• It forms lower boundary of nasal pit.
• It is separated from other maxillary
process by intermaxillary segment.

23. -It also fuses partially with mandibular
process to form the cheek.
-Palatine process is formed as inward
projection of maxillary process to form
secondary palate which divides
stomodeum into upper nasal and lower
oral cavity.
So maxillary process forms upper part
of cheek, upper lip except filtrum, upper
jaw except part that carries upper
incisors and most of hard palate.

24. Mandibular Process
• It forms lower part of cheek, whole lower lip
and lower jaw and floor of mouth.
• Development of palate:
• 1- Primary palate: from intermaxillary
segment of fronto-nasal process.
• 2- Secondary palate: from palatine shelves of
maxillary processes that form most of hard
palate and soft palate.
• -Hard palate receives downward growth of
nasal septum.

25. Preimitive maxilla
Secondary maxilla
Dr. Sherif Fahmy

26. Palatine shelves
Nasal
septum
Coronal Section

27. Primitive palate
Palatine shelves

28. Primary palate
Secondary
palate

30. Medial nasal
prominence
Lateral nasal
prominenece
Anterior nasal opening
Maxillary
process
Palatine
process of
maxilla (hard
palate)
Mandibular
process
Fronto-nasal process

31. Congenital Anomalies of Face & Palate
• 1- Dermoid cyst: cystic swelling at line of fusions between
processes of the face.
• 2- Oblique facial cleft: failure of fusion between maxillary
and fronto-nasal processes.
• 2- Macrostomia or Microstomia : defective or marked
fusion between maxillary and mandibular processes.
• 3- Cleft (hare) lip: cleft lip due to failure of fusion between
maxillary process and intermaxillary segment.
• 4- Cleft palate: failure of fusion between different parts
that form palate. It could be:
– A- Unilateral complete cleft palate.
– B- Bilateral complete cleft palate.
– C- Partial cleft palate.
– D- Cleft uvula.

32. Dermoid cyst
Dr. Sherif Fahmy

33. Oblique facial
celft
Bilateral cleft lip

34. Microstomia
Dr. Sherif Fahmy

35. Macrostomia

36. Unilateral cleft
lip
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40. Unilateral complete
cleft palate
Dr. Sherif Fahmy

41. Bilateral complete cleft palate

42. Nasal septum
Partial (median) cleft palate

44. Unilateral
partial cleft
palate
Hare lip
Dr. Sherif Fahmy

46. Development of Mouth & Salivary glands
• Mouth: It is developed from lower part of
stomodeum (below developed hard palate)
and anterior part of foregut. Line of
demarcation lies behind the gum.
• Salivary glands:
–Parotid: from ectodermal outgrowth of buccal
mucosa. Its dorsal part gives several buds to form
acini of the gland. Its ventral part is canalized to
form the duct.
–Submandibular & sublingual: developed from
endodermal buds from floor of mouth.