The document discusses learning simple phrases in Greek. It begins by explaining what syntax is and how word order differs across languages. Examples of syntax trees are provided to visualize sentence structure. The document then demonstrates how to create simple Greek sentences by combining subjects, verbs and objects. Finally, concluding remarks summarize that the reader learned about syntax, syntax trees, and creating basic Greek phrases.

1. Learning Simple Phrases in Greek
Apostolos Syropoulos
May 17, 2022
2nd Gymnasoum of Xanthi
Xanthi, Greece
asyropoulos@aol.com

2. Presentation Overview
1 Syntax
2 Let’s Speak Greek
3 Epilog
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3. What is Phrase
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4. What is Phrase
A small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause.
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5. What is Phrase
A small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause.
Words are not placed at random positions.
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6. What is Phrase
A small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause.
Words are not placed at random positions.Instead they are placed in specific positions.
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7. What is Phrase
A small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause.
Words are not placed at random positions.Instead they are placed in specific positions.
We say Peter plays chess but if Yoda says chess Peter plays we understand what he means. Why?
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8. What is Phrase
A small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause.
Words are not placed at random positions.Instead they are placed in specific positions.
We say Peter plays chess but if Yoda says chess Peter plays we understand what he means. Why?
Roughly speaking, our brains implement an error‐correcting algorithm.
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9. What is Phrase
A small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause.
Words are not placed at random positions.Instead they are placed in specific positions.
We say Peter plays chess but if Yoda says chess Peter plays we understand what he means. Why?
Roughly speaking, our brains implement an error‐correcting algorithm.
What are the rules that specify where words should be placed?
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10. What is Phrase
A small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause.
Words are not placed at random positions.Instead they are placed in specific positions.
We say Peter plays chess but if Yoda says chess Peter plays we understand what he means. Why?
Roughly speaking, our brains implement an error‐correcting algorithm.
What are the rules that specify where words should be placed?
These rules are called syntax.
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11. Syntacti Rules
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12. Syntacti Rules
Do languages have similar or even identical syntax?
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13. Syntacti Rules
Do languages have similar or even identical syntax?
Yes! The so‐called Indo‐European languages share many characterisistics, including their basic syntax.
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14. Syntacti Rules
Do languages have similar or even identical syntax?
Yes! The so‐called Indo‐European languages share many characterisistics, including their basic syntax.
However, there are many languages like Turkish, Cherokee that are quite different.
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15. Syntacti Rules
Do languages have similar or even identical syntax?
Yes! The so‐called Indo‐European languages share many characterisistics, including their basic syntax.
However, there are many languages like Turkish, Cherokee that are quite different.
A single Cherokee word can convey ideas that would require multiple English words to express.
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16. Syntacti Rules
Do languages have similar or even identical syntax?
Yes! The so‐called Indo‐European languages share many characterisistics, including their basic syntax.
However, there are many languages like Turkish, Cherokee that are quite different.
A single Cherokee word can convey ideas that would require multiple English words to express.
The basic word order of Turkish is subject–object–verb while in Greek it is subject–verb–object.
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17. Syntacti Rules
Do languages have similar or even identical syntax?
Yes! The so‐called Indo‐European languages share many characterisistics, including their basic syntax.
However, there are many languages like Turkish, Cherokee that are quite different.
A single Cherokee word can convey ideas that would require multiple English words to express.
The basic word order of Turkish is subject–object–verb while in Greek it is subject–verb–object.
What is the basic word order of Yoda’s version of English?
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18. Syntacti Rules
Do languages have similar or even identical syntax?
Yes! The so‐called Indo‐European languages share many characterisistics, including their basic syntax.
However, there are many languages like Turkish, Cherokee that are quite different.
A single Cherokee word can convey ideas that would require multiple English words to express.
The basic word order of Turkish is subject–object–verb while in Greek it is subject–verb–object.
What is the basic word order of Yoda’s version of English? It is object‐subject‐verb.
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19. Syntax Trees
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20. Syntax Trees
A syntax tree is a representation of the abstract syntactic structure of text.
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21. Syntax Trees
A syntax tree is a representation of the abstract syntactic structure of text.
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22. Simplified Syntax Trees
Or how to visualize simple sentences, that is, a subject and a predicate (a verb or verbal phrase that
describes the action) and expresses a complete thought as an independent clause.
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23. Simplified Syntax Trees
Or how to visualize simple sentences, that is, a subject and a predicate (a verb or verbal phrase that
describes the action) and expresses a complete thought as an independent clause.
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24. Simplified Syntax Trees
Or how to visualize simple sentences, that is, a subject and a predicate (a verb or verbal phrase that
describes the action) and expresses a complete thought as an independent clause.
Create your own simplified syntax trees: https://tinyurl.com/9pmffe4m
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25. Create Simple Greek Sentences
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26. Create Simple Greek Sentences
Subject Ο Πέτρος; Verb παίζει; Object σκάκι.
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27. Create Simple Greek Sentences
Subject Ο Πέτρος; Verb παίζει; Object σκάκι.
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28. Create Simple Greek Sentences
Subject Ο Πέτρος; Verb παίζει; Object σκάκι.
Verb πίνει; Object νερό; Subject Η Μαρία.
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29. Create Simple Greek Sentences
Subject Ο Πέτρος; Verb παίζει; Object σκάκι.
Verb πίνει; Object νερό; Subject Η Μαρία.
Verb πλένει; Subject Η Ελένη; Object πιάταMet .
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30. Combine Words
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31. Combine Words
Recall that the basic word order of Greek is subject–verb–object.
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32. Combine Words
Recall that the basic word order of Greek is subject–verb–object.
Use the table that follows to make meaningful sentences.
Subject Verb Object
Η Μαρία πλένει (wash) ένα βιβλίο (a book)
Η Ελένη τρώει (eat) ψωμί (bread)
Ο Γιάννης γράφει (write) μια επιστολή (a letter)
Η Σοφία διαβάζει (read) ένα πουκάμισο (a shirt)
Ο Κώστας παίζει (play) τάβλι (backgammon)
Ο Γιώργος ζωγραφίζει (paint) ένα δέντρο (a tree)
Ο Δημήτρης φτιάχνει (make) ένα σάντουιτς (a sandwich)
Η Ειρήνη βλέπει (watch or look) μια ταινία (a movie)
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33. Combine Words
Recall that the basic word order of Greek is subject–verb–object.
Use the table that follows to make meaningful sentences.
Subject Verb Object
Η Μαρία πλένει (wash) ένα βιβλίο (a book)
Η Ελένη τρώει (eat) ψωμί (bread)
Ο Γιάννης γράφει (write) μια επιστολή (a letter)
Η Σοφία διαβάζει (read) ένα πουκάμισο (a shirt)
Ο Κώστας παίζει (play) τάβλι (backgammon)
Ο Γιώργος ζωγραφίζει (paint) ένα δέντρο (a tree)
Ο Δημήτρης φτιάχνει (make) ένα σάντουιτς (a sandwich)
Η Ειρήνη βλέπει (watch or look) μια ταινία (a movie)
How many sentences did you make?
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34. Concluding Remarks
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35. Concluding Remarks
We learned what is syntax.
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36. Concluding Remarks
We learned what is syntax.
We got a basic understanding of syntax trees.
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37. Concluding Remarks
We learned what is syntax.
We got a basic understanding of syntax trees.
We played with with syntax trees.
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38. Concluding Remarks
We learned what is syntax.
We got a basic understanding of syntax trees.
We played with with syntax trees.
We managed to create simple phrases in Greek.
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39. Concluding Remarks
We learned what is syntax.
We got a basic understanding of syntax trees.
We played with with syntax trees.
We managed to create simple phrases in Greek.
Thank you so much for your attention!
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