This document discusses learning, including its meaning, definition, and components. Learning is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior or behavioral potential resulting from experience. It involves three components: (1) a relatively permanent change, (2) a modification of behavior, and (3) occurring through practice, experience, or observation. Learning results in changes to neural circuitry in the brain and differs from maturation, habituation, or mere performance or response. Various types of learning are discussed, as well as factors that can affect the learning process.

1. Learning, Meaning and
Definition
Dr Rajesh Verma
Assistant Professor in Psychology
Govt. College Adampur, Hisar (Haryana)

2. Meaning
Gaining or acquisition of knowledge or skill
by practice, experience, observation or being
taught.
The gained
knowledge that led
to permanent change
in behaviour.

3. Definition
“Any relatively permanent change in behaviour or
behavioural potential produced by experience”. (NCERT,
XI).
Learning is a long-term change in mental
representations or associations as a result of experience
(Ormrod, 1995).
Permanent modification
in behaviour due to
experience or practice.

4. Introduction
The close analysis of definition and meaning of
learning it has been found that it
has three components i.e.
(i) Relatively permanent
change,
(ii) Modification of behaviour,
(iii) Practice, experience &
observation.

5. (i) Relatively Permanent Change – It means
when we acquire knowledge by virtue of experience,
observation or practice, the some part of it results in
modification in brain circuitry in order to make the
record of the
information.
Hence, it can be
said that learning
is function of
long term
memory.

6. (ii) Modification of Behaviour – It means that the
change that occurred in neural circuitry inside the brain
is expected to be expressed through corresponding
behavioural outcomes. The resulting behavioural
outcomes will differ from the behaviour that occurred
prior to the organic changes in the brain. The difference
between the pre-change
behavior and post-change
behaviour is known as
modification in behaviour.
The learning must be
distinguished from the
behavioural changes that
are neither permanent
nor learned (NCERT).

7. (iii) Practice, Experience & Observation –
Practice - The repetition of an activity,
Experience - being face-to-face with some emotion
provoking event or stimuli, and
Observation - perceiving a phenomenon that is
intense enough to cause change in the behaviour.
It means that changes in behaviour that occur other
than the result of physiological
maturation, fatigue, use of
alcohol or drugs, or onset of
mental illness or dementia.

8. Brief Discussion
Learning involves a sequence of psychological events
and differs from: -
(i) Maturation – Changes attributed to growth and
development due to genetic blue print.
(ii) Habituation – The continuing exposure to stimulus
leads to development of
orienting reflexes and
gradual weakening of
these up to the level of
undetectable is a kind
of behaviour that is
known as habituation.

9. (iii) Performance – Performance is a person’s
observed behaviour or response or action.
Learning occurs in different ways. The simplest
kind of learning is called conditioning which is of two
types classical conditioning, and instrumental/operant
conditioning. Other types are observational learning,
cognitive learning, verbal learning, concept learning,
and skill learning.

10. References:
1. NCERT, XI Psychology Text book.
2. Ormrod, J. E. (2014). Human Learning (6th
Ed). New Jersey: Pearson.

11. Next Discussion
Factors Affecting Learning

12. Meet You Soon
With Next Video
vermasujit@yahoo.com
Thanks