Various techniques of teaching such as colloquium, heuristic method, collaborative and cooperative learning

1. Presentation by,
REEBA PRINCY P
I B.Ed English

2. Various Learner-Centered Techniques
of Teaching
 Colloquium
 Heuristic Method
 Cooperative Learning
 Collaborative Learning

3. COLLOQUIUM
• Similar to seminar
• Instead of presenting and discussing – Prepare a paper
or article and submit in an open session
• Defend the Views and ideas expressed in the research
paper or article
• Used as a technique in teaching at higher education
level

4. OBJECTIVES OF COLLOQUIUM
o Develop the ability to search, collect and organize the necessary information
and data required for the research paper
o Develop the ability to analyse, synthesize and evaluate the collected
information and data
o Develop the skills in interacting with others and willingness to examine
alternate views
o Encourage group activities
o Develop the art of critically studying ideas

5. PROCEDURE OF CONDUCTING COLLOQUIUM
BY THE TEACHER
1. Teacher should bear in mind individual differences of students while
assigning suitable topic to each student
2. Teacher providing needed references to students and guiding them to
prepare their research papers
3. Students will present their research papers one after another and then
discussion will follow
4. As the moderator of the colloquium, teacher should conduct the
proceedings without heated exchanges or quarrels among students

6. PROCEDURE OF CONDUCTING COLLOQUIUM
BY THE TEACHER
5. Involving all students in the colloquium discussions
6. During colloquium discussions , teacher should express
his own views briefly about the scope of the colloquium
7. It is the duty of the teacher as moderator (chairperson)
to prevent any student to interfere in the proceedings and
stop a few students dominating the discussion

7. HEURISTIC METHOD
 Pupil centered method
Provide chances for activities
Term ‘Heuristic’ from – Greek ‘Heurisco’ – means ‘to find out’
or ‘to discover’
Prof.H.E.Armstrong of London provided this approach,
inorder to use it in science teaching.
“Heuristic method is a method of teaching that
involves our placing the students as far as possible in
the attitude of discover”

8. Westway, F.W., has aptly remarked “Essentially, therefore, the Heuristic
method is intended to provide a training in method, knowledge is a
secondary consideration all together”
Any method which excites children to work and think for themselves can be
called “Heuristic method”

9. PROCEDURE OF HEURISTIC METHOD

10. MERITS OF HEURISTIC METHOD
1. It involves ‘learning by doing’ - ie., pupil-centered
2. It provides training in scientific method and develops
scientific attitude
3.It develops a liking for self-activity and develops self-
confidence in pupils
4.There is every possibility of providing individual
attention
5.Patience and perseverance are developed
6.It develops the habit of hard work

11. LIMITATIONS OF HEURISTIC METHOD
1. It is a costly method
2.It is a time consuming process
3.Text books written on these lines are not available
4.It is not suitable for lower classes
5.Laboratory and library facilities are very much
needed
6.Trained teachers on the lines of this method are not
available

12. COOPERATIVE LEARNING
“It is a learning process which provides students to get opportunities to learn in a
group by forming a number of teams, each consisting of a small number of students
of different levels of learning ability for understanding the subject. They share their
knowledge, understanding and application of the different aspects of the content
material or the course units and attain prefixed level of learning proficiency”
DEFINITION
This teaching-learning approach is not found anywhere in Indian education
system

13. IMPORTANT FEATURES OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING
1. Teaching learning process is student based and not the teacher or
content centered
2. Every student learn by processing the information received from his
environment, shape his knowledge and reconstruct it
3. It redefines the role of the teacher from lecturer to the facilitator of
learning
4. The responsibility of learning shifted to students from the teachers
efforts for making them learn by adopting various techniques

14. 5. It considers students learning better in a social setting and group
environment rather then they learn independently
6. Students learn in a non-competitive, anxiety-free cooperative
environment
7. Group efforts and co-operation among the students will promote better
learning
8. Students learn better in a cooperative way due to their proximity,
equality, independence and rapport existing among them than thrusting
learning on students from outside

15. COLLABORATIVE LEARNING
Two or more students joining together, sharing their learning
activities and trying to achieve learning proficiency is known as
“Collaborative Learning”

16. ADOPTING COLLABORATIVE LEARNING IN THE CLASSROOM
I. Teacher takes into consideration the learning activities which have
some common nature
II. Forming small groups of two or three students and assigning them
the subject content which involves several collaborative learning
activities
III. Helping the members of the groups to analyse the subject content
and divide it into various segments and share them among themselves
and then get involved in learning
IV. Teacher informs about the websites related to the content, to be
referred in the internet
V. Teacher provides help to student groups as and when needed

17. BENEFITS OF COLLABORATIVE LEARNING
1) It develops self-confidence among students to independently
involve in learning activities
2) It develops social skills like cooperating with others and
getting cooperation from others and getting along smoothly
with others
3) It develops team spirit and code of conduct for group
behavior
4)It develops the abilities in students such as to work with
others with good understanding, live and function
efficiently in a democratic society

18. THANK YOU