Leading Health Indicators
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The document discusses major public health issues facing college students, including obesity, physical activity, and tobacco use. It defines obesity and overweight, describing the health risks of obesity such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Physical activity is important for cardiovascular health, weight control, and preventing depression. While over 60% of Americans are overweight or obese, only 22% engage in regular physical activity. Smoking causes over 400,000 deaths per year and increases risks of cancer, heart disease, and stroke. The document outlines strategies for quitting smoking and promoting healthy behaviors among college students.
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The document discusses various measures used in epidemiology to quantify disease occurrence and outcomes in populations. It describes ratios, proportions, rates, and how they are used to measure morbidity (incidence and prevalence), natality, and mortality outcomes. Specific rates are constructed to make comparisons among population subgroups or disease causes, accounting for factors like age, gender, ethnicity that influence disease probability.
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Performance Indicators in the Public Sector: Case Study
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Obesityepidemic 430
The document discusses obesity and nursing's role in addressing it. Some key points:
- Obesity is the most common chronic disease in the US and costs over $70 billion per year.
- Rates of obesity have increased 30% in the past 10 years and average weight is up nearly 8 pounds.
- Nurses can educate patients on effective lifestyle interventions like diet, exercise and behavior change to address obesity in a realistic way.
- Surgery may be considered for those with a BMI over 40 who have been unable to lose weight through other means, though it has risks and requires lifestyle changes.
CDC Healthy Communities
This document discusses strategies that local governments can implement to address the obesity epidemic based on recommendations from the CDC. It provides an overview of the rising trends in obesity in the US from 1990 to 2009. Some key factors that contributed to increased obesity rates are the increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and fast food, lack of physical activity, and community designs that discourage walking and biking. The document argues that local governments should care because obesity rates affect healthcare costs and productivity. It recommends that local governments enact policies and create built environments that make healthy eating and active living easier through initiatives like increasing parks and improving walkability.
Social and cultural health factorsUsing Data in Public and Com.docx
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Using Data in Public and Community Health
What is Public Health?
What is Public Health?
The fulfillment of society’s interest in assuring the conditions in which people can be healthy.
Organized community efforts aimed at the prevention of disease and the promotion of health.
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Public Health vs. Medical Care
In medicine, the patient is the individual; in public health, the patient is the community
Public health diagnoses the health of the community using public health sciences
Treatment of the community involves new policies and interventions
Goal of medicine is cure; goal of public health is prevention of disease and disability
Public Health: Science and Politics
Science is how we understand threats to health, determine what interventions might work, and evaluate whether the interventions worked
Politics is how we as a society make decisions about what policies to implement
Public Health Disciplines
Epidemiology
Statistics
Biomedical Sciences
Environmental Health Science
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Health Policy and Management
Epidemiology
The basic science of public health
The study of epidemics
Aims to control spread of infectious diseases
Seeks causes of chronic disease and ways to limit harmful exposures.
Statistics
Collection of data on the population
These numbers are diagnostic tools for the health of the community
The science of statistics is used to calculate risks and benefits
Biomedical Sciences
Infectious diseases – pathogens
Chronic diseases
Genetics
Environmental Health Science
Health effects of environmental exposures
Air quality
Water quality
Solid and hazardous wastes
Safe food and drugs
Global environmental change
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Behavior is now the leading factor in affecting people’s health
Theories of health behavior: social environment affects people’s behavior
Major health threats: tobacco, poor diet and physical inactivity, injuries
Maternal and child health – a social issue
Health Policy and Management
Role of medical care in public health
Cost of medical care in U.S. is out of control
U.S. has a high percentage of population without health insurance – these people often lack access to medical care
Quality of medical care can be measured, and is often questionable
Public Health: Prevention and Intervention
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
Public Health Approach
Define the health problem
Identify risk factors associated with the problem
Develop and test community-level interventions to control or prevent the cause of the problem
Implement interventions to improve the health of the population.
Monitor interventions to assess their effectiveness.
Key Findings
Most people are concerned about their health—very concerned (31%) or somewhat concerned (31%)
Key Findings
Americans do not see a single most important cause of individuals’ health problems.
Top c.
Obesity- Tipping Back the Scales of the Nation 19th April, 2017
Jamie Blackshaw presented on obesity trends and efforts to address obesity in the UK. Obesity rates have significantly increased over time and pose a major health challenge. The costs of obesity to health and the economy are substantial. While attitudes recognize obesity risks, stigma persists. To tackle obesity, Public Health England is pursuing a five pillar plan focusing on leadership, community engagement, monitoring, supporting delivery, and modifying the obesogenic environment. Efforts include sugar reduction, improving weight management services, and developing healthy communities and choices through a whole systems approach.
Philip James
This document discusses strategies for addressing obesity at the national level. It describes trends showing rising obesity rates in many countries over recent decades. Some key points made include:
- Obesity rates have risen sharply in countries like the US, England, and Luxembourg since the 1970s.
- Modest weight gain, even within the "normal" BMI range, increases risks for chronic diseases.
- Environmental factors like increased food availability, variety, and portion sizes can promote overeating.
- Population-wide strategies are needed like marketing restrictions, pricing policies, and changing food environments in schools and hospitals.
Erik Millstone on Epidemics Of Obesity
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Corporate Wellness
The document discusses the benefits of employer wellness programs for reducing healthcare costs and improving employee health and productivity. It notes that conditions like obesity, tobacco use, and stress contribute to lost productivity, but wellness programs can help combat these issues. Wellness programs have been shown to reduce medical costs, absenteeism, and workers compensation claims while improving employee health, morale, and productivity. Studies have found that wellness programs typically see a return of investment of $3 for every $1 spent within several years of implementation.
Weight Loss: Not to be Take Lightly
A look into why the environment around you can have dramatic effects on your ability to maintain a healthy weight.
Corporate Presentation, For Management Or Hr Dir
The document discusses creating wellness in the workplace. It notes that chronic diseases are the leading causes of death in the US and cost over $100 billion per year. Obesity rates have risen dramatically over the past few decades and pose significant health and financial costs. The document recommends establishing a wellness program with senior level support, collecting data, setting goals and objectives, and incentivizing employees to participate.
Health + Community Design
- Rates of overweight and obesity have increased dramatically in the US over the past few decades, with over 2/3 of American adults now overweight and about 1/3 obese.
- This epidemic is primarily due to lifestyle and environmental changes that have led to poor nutrition habits like increased fast food consumption and sugary drinks, as well as less physical activity due to more sedentary jobs and communities designed around automobile use.
- Community design features like walkability, mixed land use, and access to transit and active transportation can significantly impact physical activity levels and obesity rates by supporting healthier lifestyle choices.
Environmental factors 2.5. ppt 2019
The document discusses how environmental and behavioral factors contribute to obesity. It notes that today's environment promotes high calorie and sedentary lifestyles through the widespread availability of inexpensive, highly palatable foods and large portion sizes, as well as a reduction in physical activity at work and school. Behavioral factors that increase obesity risk include excessive TV watching, eating out frequently especially at fast food restaurants, snacking on sugary and fatty foods, and consuming large portions. The document provides data showing declines in physical activity and increases in calorie intake that have likely contributed to weight gain in many Americans.
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Prof. Peivand Pirouzi, Ph.D., M.B.A.Adult Weight Loss Diet : Metabolic Effects and Outcomes
The global prevalence of overweight and obesity as a public health concern is well established and reflects the overall lack of success in our ability to achieve and maintain healthy body weight. Being overweight and obese is associated with numerous comorbidities and is a risk factor for several of the leading causes of death, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and many types of cancer.
The foundation of treatment has been diet and exercise.
Obesity ,complication,metabolic syndrome by dr.Tasnim
This document discusses obesity, including its definition, diagnosis, complications, and global context regarding metabolic syndrome. Obesity is defined as having a body weight 20% or more above standard weight and is caused by excess calorie intake relative to expenditure. It is diagnosed using BMI and body fat percentage measurements. Complications include various health conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Globally, over 650 million adults are obese, and metabolic syndrome, characterized by abdominal obesity and related metabolic abnormalities, increases the risks of diabetes and heart disease. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet and exercise as well as medical interventions.
Health psychology chapter 3 part i %281%29
- The prevalence of infectious diseases has declined due to medical innovations and public health standards, while preventable disorders like heart disease and cancer have increased. Nearly half of Canadian deaths are caused by modifiable health behaviors like smoking, poor diet, and inactivity.
- Health behaviors are behaviors that enhance or maintain health, like established habits formed in childhood around ages 11-12. Healthy behaviors reduce lifestyle-related illness and death while improving quality of life.
- Many factors influence health behaviors, including demographics, socioeconomics, personal values, social influences, health goals, perceived symptoms, and access to healthcare. Targeting behaviors in adolescence can have lasting effects as those habits often determine future health outcomes.
Bodies In Motion - Obesity Awareness
In recognition of National Childhood Obesity Awareness Month, I developed and facilitated a community-based "Lunch and Learn" session. I provide background information, statistics and informational resources pertaining to the obesity epidemic. Additionally, I provided nutrition and fitness related strategies to foster a healthy lifestyle.
Obesity
The document discusses obesity, including its prevalence, complications, and treatment. Some key points:
- Obesity is defined as having a BMI of over 30 or excess body fat of over 20%. It results from consuming more calories than expended.
- It is common worldwide and in countries like India and China. In the US, over 30% of adults are obese, costing $147 billion annually.
- Obesity increases the risk of conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, and some cancers.
- Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet and exercise. For higher-risk patients, treatment may include medication or surgery to help with weight loss and reduce
Ppt 1
The document discusses obesity trends in the United States. It notes that about 66% of American adults are overweight or obese, with obesity rates more than doubling over the past 30 years. Obesity is associated with increased risk of diseases like hypertension, diabetes, and some cancers. Factors like diet, physical activity, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status influence obesity rates. Maintaining a BMI between 20-25 through energy balance is considered the healthiest weight range.
Obesity A Scientific Update
- 60% of Americans are overweight or obese, and obesity rates have been increasing over time according to surveys from 1986 to 2007.
- Treating obesity costs over $1,000 more per year than treating someone who is a healthy weight. The costs of obesity-related healthcare have increased tenfold since 1987.
- Visceral fat around the middle poses greater health risks than fat in other areas, increasing the risks of diseases like heart disease and diabetes. Waist-to-hip ratio is a better indicator of health risks than BMI alone.
- Factors that influence food cravings and overeating include genes, learned behaviors, social and environmental cues, sleep deprivation, and food addiction in the brain.
Education, Policy and Environmental Change, and Evaluation
This document discusses approaches to nutrition education and obesity prevention. It begins with an overview of the obesity epidemic in the US and factors contributing to its rise, such as increased consumption of sugary drinks and meals outside the home, as well as decreased physical activity. A socio-ecological model is presented for understanding the individual, social, and environmental factors influencing obesity. The document advocates for multi-level interventions targeting behaviors, as well as policy, systems and environmental changes in sectors like schools, worksites and healthcare to support healthy eating and active living. Evaluation of individual and community-level outcomes is emphasized.
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Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
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2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Leading Health Indicators
- 3. Headlines
- 7. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults 1985 No Data <10% 10%–14%
- 8. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults 1986 No Data <10% 10%–14%
- 9. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults 1987 No Data <10% 10%–14%
- 10. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults 1988 No Data <10% 10%–14%
- 11. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults 1989 No Data <10% 10%–14%
- 12. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults 1990 No Data <10% 10%–14%
- 13. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults 1991 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
- 14. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults 1992 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
- 15. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults 1993 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
- 16. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults 1994 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
- 17. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults 1995 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
- 18. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults 1996 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
- 19. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults 1997 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20
- 20. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults 1998 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20
- 21. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults 1999 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20
- 22. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults 2000 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20
- 23. Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults 2001 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
- 26. Low risk Moderate risk High risk Desirable Range for adults: 18.5-25 Grade I Grade II Grade III
- 27. Selected Health Consequences of Overweight and Obesity Table 9.2
- 33. The fitness components that have the greatest impact on health: cardiorespiratory fitness & body composition. Table 10.1
- 34. Cardiorespiratory endurance/fitness: Ability of the circulatory & respiratory systems to supply O 2 during sustained physical activity. Aerobic exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness.
- 41. When Smokers Quit Figure 13.4