This document describes a student's physics investigatory project on a laser security alarm system. It includes a certificate signed by the student's teacher, an acknowledgment section thanking those who helped with the project, and an introduction explaining that the project provides information on how a laser security alarm system works. The document outlines the components needed to build the system, provides diagrams of the circuit and experimental setup, and explains the working of the system including how it detects intruders breaking the laser beam. It also discusses potential uses of laser security systems and concludes that home security is a growing field with opportunities to improve efficiency through new technology.
CBSE class 12th Chemistry project on antacids for cbse aissce 2017-2018Vishvjeet Yadav
Cbse class 12th investigatory project of chemistry for AISSCE board Examination
To analyse the given samples of commercial antacids by determining the amount of hydrochloric acid they can neutralize.” for class XII practical examination of the Central Board of Secondary Education in the year 2017-2018.
This is a Project Report Based on Laser Security System.
A Fully Explained Project report on laser security system,
This Project Report is made by : -
1. Chirag
2. Mohit Jangra
3. Shubham
This one is my Physics Investigatory Project done on the topic 'Physics Principle In Medicine'. You and I both of us know, without physics advancement in biology especially in the medical field is impossible. So, in this project we are gonna investigate through the various principles of physics which are used in the medical field ( like X ray machines, CT scanners, MRI and other advancements like SPECTS scan).
Both for class 11th & 12th.
Especially for class 12th.
Thank You... Hope you find it useful...
This security project is able to protect your house balcony or loggia by means of an optical path. This laser beam is almost invisible. The beam or light ray of Laser pointer should be pointed directly to a mirror fixed on the front wall . The reflected light ray should fall on surface of the LDR. The alarm system consists of two main sections : the transmitter (laser pointer) and the receiver (LDR)
Photo resistor devices its working and applications.Soudip Sinha Roy
Here you will get every details about photo resistor device and its applications. How it makes in factory. And the important thing is The Light-Controlled Switch Using a Transistor.
CBSE class 12th Chemistry project on antacids for cbse aissce 2017-2018Vishvjeet Yadav
Cbse class 12th investigatory project of chemistry for AISSCE board Examination
To analyse the given samples of commercial antacids by determining the amount of hydrochloric acid they can neutralize.” for class XII practical examination of the Central Board of Secondary Education in the year 2017-2018.
This is a Project Report Based on Laser Security System.
A Fully Explained Project report on laser security system,
This Project Report is made by : -
1. Chirag
2. Mohit Jangra
3. Shubham
This one is my Physics Investigatory Project done on the topic 'Physics Principle In Medicine'. You and I both of us know, without physics advancement in biology especially in the medical field is impossible. So, in this project we are gonna investigate through the various principles of physics which are used in the medical field ( like X ray machines, CT scanners, MRI and other advancements like SPECTS scan).
Both for class 11th & 12th.
Especially for class 12th.
Thank You... Hope you find it useful...
This security project is able to protect your house balcony or loggia by means of an optical path. This laser beam is almost invisible. The beam or light ray of Laser pointer should be pointed directly to a mirror fixed on the front wall . The reflected light ray should fall on surface of the LDR. The alarm system consists of two main sections : the transmitter (laser pointer) and the receiver (LDR)
Photo resistor devices its working and applications.Soudip Sinha Roy
Here you will get every details about photo resistor device and its applications. How it makes in factory. And the important thing is The Light-Controlled Switch Using a Transistor.
LASER BASED DOOR SECURITY SYSTEM USING SIREN GENERATORShahrukh Javed
BRIEF DESCRIPTION:
Door guard is a device that can senses intrusion, providing an indication of possible disturbance, thus providing security to the commercial and residential people.
If some intruder tries to open the door of your house, this circuit sounds an alarm to alert you against the attempted intrusion.
In case of commercial security, little door guard popularly known as guard alarm which provides audible or visual alarm from the detecting object itself.
When any person or object crossover the laser line the security alarm will ring-on also the focus light will "on" to focus the entrance of unauthorized person.
This circuit diagram of a little door guard based on national semiconductor UM3561integrated circuit, siren generator and a laser beam.
The circuit uses readily available, low-cost components. For compactness, an alkaline 9v battery is used for powering the unit. Input dc supply is further regulated to a steady dc voltage of 5v by 3-pin regulator IC7805. Assemble the unit in the box and mount the same on the door & mount a constant source of light i.e., laser beam exactly aligned with the unit.
TEAM MEMBERS
SHAHRUKH JAVED
SYED MOULA
A Measurements Project on Light Detection sensorsvrohith 9
The main aim of this project is to saving system with LDR this is to save the power. We want to save power automatically instead of doing manual. So it’s easy to cost effectiveness. This saved power can be used in some other cases. So in villages, towns etc. we can design intelligent systems for the usage of light or we can also use this to reduce the electricity bill of our home. This project can also be used for security of the houses, banks, etc.
AUTOMATIC LIGHT & DARK SENSING SYSTEM WITH MOSQUITO REPELLENT CIRCUITShahrukh Javed
DESCRIPTION
It is a simple and powerful concept, which uses transistor (BC 547) as a switch to switch ON and OFF the light automatically & a Light Dependent Resistors (LDR) which senses the light, made from a piece of exposed semiconductor material i.e cadmium sulphide, that changes its electrical resistance from several thousand Ohms in the dark to only a few hundred Ohms, when light hits the device, the photons give electrons energy by creating hole-electron pairs in the material. This makes them jump into the conductive band and thereby conduct electricity.
The circuit automatically switches ON lights when the light goes below the visible region & automatically switches OFF lights when light fall on it, by using a sensor which senses the light just like our eyes.
Also, the circuit has a long response time requiring many seconds to respond to a change in the light intensity.
TEAM MEMBER
SHAHRUKH JAVED
MOHAMMED HASSAN M
For more log on to: http://shahrukhjaved.webs.com/apps/blog/
E-mial: shahrukh.tjit14@gmail.com
IoT Based Infrared Remote Controlled AC Fan Regulatorijtsrd
This paper presents the design and implementation of an infrared remote controlled ac fan regulator. The regulator consists of IR sensor, monostable multi vibrator, decade counter, transformer, comparator, opto isolator and TRIAC. The user will be able to operate the regulator with any remote control used for TV, VCR, Air Conditioner, DVD player etc. The remote transmits a beam of light and this light is picked and decoded by the receiver unit. The receiver only activates when it receives the beam of light. Every time when the button is pressed, the speed of the fan is increased smoothly up to ten different speed levels. The fan regulator has been simulated and experimentally tested. It is found that the system works satisfactorily and the experimental results are almost same. Details of each unit are described in the paper. Abdullah Al Zubaer | Md. Ariful Islam | Md. Habibur Rahman | Md. Alamgir Hossain | Sujit Kumar Mondal "IoT Based Infrared Remote Controlled AC Fan Regulator" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/33484/iot-based-infrared-remote-controlled-ac-fan-regulator/abdullah-al-zubaer
Abstract: Insecurity and crime constitute some of the major problems facing our society today. People live with fear of being attacked by thieves. Despite all the effort, resources and time this lead to the development of tools that will reduce crime rates and make the world a safer place to live, these problems are still on the increase. These gave rise to the need for an increasing development in the technology of alarm systems.
Keywords: Touch Sensing, Alarm, Security System, Indicator.
Title: A Simple and Reliable Touch Sensitive Security System
Author: Mohammed Sameer Hussain, Mirza Mohammed Abed Ullah Baig, Adnan Adil, Syed Samdani, S V Altaf
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
An Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) is an important instrument used by organizations to certify the performance of new fiber optics links and detect problems with existing fiber links.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
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optics at visible wavelengths.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
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Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
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In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
1. Kendriya Vidyalaya Mankhurd
PHYSICS investigatory PROJECT
• Topic => Laser Security Alarm System
• Submitted To => PROMODINI PAL
• Submitted By => NIKHIL CHAURASIA
• Class => XII - A
2. • Roll No. => _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
• Date of Submission : _ _/_ _/_ _ _ _
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. NIKHIL CHAURASIA of class XII - A ,
ROlL NO. - _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Hassuccessfullycompletedthisphysicsprojectentitled"Laser SecurityAlarmSystem" under my guidance and supervision in
the academic year 2016-2017, Miss PROMODINI PAL
3. Principal External Internal
Examiner Examiner
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I heartily thank my physics Teacher,
Miss PROMODINI PAL for her incomparable
efforts,
And
4. I thank Mr. DASHRATH SOLANKI for constant
support and cooperation indeed towards me in
the completion of this project.
Finally I would also grateful to my friends and
parents who devoted their auspicious time in
completion of this project.
PREFACE
5. "My project provides complete information on the topic "Laser Security Alarm System " and
maximum efforts have been taken to make the project more comprehensive and lucid to
understand. My project covers a variety of sub topics like It's working, setup, uses in life and
different aspects of Laser Security Alarm System. One may notice a perceptible change in
written in an easy dialogue style engaging the readers constantly and included with more
informatics comments. I assure you to go through this project thoroughly to know a bit more
and facts about Laser Security Alarm System.
INDEX
7. Components / Material Required
(1) Printed circuit board
A printed circuitboard (PCB) mechanicallysupportsand electrically
connects electroniccomponents usingconductive tracks, padsand other
features etchedfrom coppersheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate.
Components – capacitors,resistors or active devices– are generally solderedon
the PCB. AdvancedPCBsmay contain componentsembeddedin the substrate.
2) LDR
A photoresistor or light-dependent resistor (LDR) or photocell is
a light-controlled variable resistor. The resistance of a
photoresistor decreases with increasing incident light intensity; in
other words, it exhibits photoconductivity
8.
9. 4)NPNTransistor
NPN is one of the two types of bipolar transistors, consisting of a layer of P-doped
semiconductor (the "base") between two N-doped layers. A small current entering the base is
amplifiedtoproducealargecollectorandemittercurrent.
3)Resistor
Aresistorisanelectricalcomponent thatlimitsorregulates theflowofelectricalcurrentinan
electroniccircuit.Resistorscanalsobeusedtoprovideaspecificvoltageforanactivedevice
suchasatransistor.
11. 7)Battery
A container consisting of one or more cells, in which chemical energy is converted into electricity
andusedasasourceofpower.
8)Wire
Metaldrawnoutintotheformofathinflexiblethreadorrod.Thatconnectsdifferentcomponents in
acircuit.
12. 9)Buzzer : An electrical device that makes a buzzing noise and is used for signalling.
10)Battery Clip: It is the thing with two studs on it, it provides an electrical
connection to the battery.
11)CAPACITOR : A device used to store an electric charge, consisting of one or more
pairs of conductors separated by an insulator.
13. INTRODUCTION
Security is a most important factor today.Technology develops day by day in
the world.The crime gang also improves their technology toperform their
operation.
So technology of securityshould be modern with time to protect the crime
works.We decide to make a security project as our project. Inthis project
we have used laser light to cover a large area.
We know laser light goes through long distancewithout scattering effect. It’s
also visible only at sourceand incident point, otherwise invisible.
These two properties help us to build up a modern security system,which may
name as “laser security”.
When any personor object crossover the laser line the security alarm
willringing and also the focus light will “on” to focus the
entrance of unauthorized person. We can make asecurity boundary of single
laser light by using mirror at every corner for reflection.
15. Experimental Setup
1) Connect a photocell to a 5K resistor. This will pick up the laser light
and enable the alarm.
2) Use a 2N7000 transistor to link the resistor, a 1uF 63v capacitor, a
5v siren and a 9v battery clip. The attached schematic should
demonstrate how the parts come together. Use an breadboard to
hold them in place and make sure the board is small enough to fit
into a project box. Do not connect the battery yet.
3) Use tape, glue, or strips of velcro to mount the two project boxes
on either side of the door you wish to protect.
4) Connect a 9v battery to the first project box and replace it in the
exact position is was in.
5) Turn the laser on with the toggle switch and make sure it lines up
perfectly with the photo cell. The alarm is now activated. If
anything breaks the beam, the siren will go off.
16.
17. Working
1) This circuit is based on LDR (Light Depended Resistor), a variable resistor in which the
resistance varies according to the light intensity falling on it.
2) The LDR and resistor R1 forms a potential divider network, which is the main part of
our security alarm circuit.
3) We have already discussed about how transistor acts as a switch, the same principle is
used here.
4) The voltage drop across the LDR is used to drive the transistor switch. When the
voltage drop is above cut in voltage (0.6V), the transistor is turned ON.
5) LDR has low resistance (mΩ range) in the presence of light and high resistance (MΩ
range) in the absence of light.
6) In our security alarm, a LASER light is allowed to fall on the LDR continuously using 3
mirrors (see the project arrangement figure).
7) Light from other sources should not be allowed to fall on the LDR, so place the LDR in
a box with a single hole to pass LASER.
8) In this situation, the resistance offered by LDR is too low, since the LASER light is
continuously allowed to fall on the LDR surface.
9) Thus the voltage drop across the LDR is also low [V=IR (Ohm’s law)] which is
insufficient to turn ON the transistor, so the transistor remains in OFF state.
10) When a person (eg: thief) makes a block to the continuous flow of LASER beam, then
the light falling on the LDR gets blocked. Thus its resistance increases to a high value
in the order of MΩ range (According to Ohm’s law V=IR).
11) While resistance increases the voltage drop also increases, when this voltage drop
exceeds the cut in voltage of the silicon NPN transistor (2N7000), it will turn ON.
12) Then current from Vcc starts flowing to ground via the buzzer and transistor, which
makes the beep sound.
13) The beep sound from the security alarm gives the indication of some security
failures.
18. Uses Of Laser Security Alarm System
1) Laser Security System Locks Working : Laser door alarm is based on
the interruption of Laser beam. The laser pointer is used as the source of
light beam.
• If somebody tries to break the laser path, then an alarm will be generated in
a few seconds. Normally laser door alarm circuit will have two sections.
• First one, laser transmitter is a laser pointer readily available. This is
powered with 3 volt DC supply and fixed on one side of the door frame.
• The receiver will have a Photo transistor at the front end. We use 2N7000
NPN Darlington photo transistor as a laser sensor.
• Here IC1 is used as a voltage comparator with its inverting input tied to a
potential divider R2-R3. We use the inverting input to keep at half supply
voltage.
19. 2) Laser System : Laser technology products will calculate distance by
measuring the time of flight of very short pulses of infrared light. It is
different from the traditional surveying instrument method of measuring
phase shifts by comparing the incoming wavelength with the phase of the
outgoing light pulse.
• Solid objects will reflect back a certain percentage of the emitted light
energy. It only needs to be a small percentage for our sensitive detector to
pick it. We can measure the time it takes for a laser pulse to travel to the
target and back with a reflection. By knowing the constant speed of light
we can calculate the distance traveled. It calculate accurate area of house
and protects it from thiefs .
20. 3) Theft Detection by Laser Sytem : It can be designed as a simple electronic
project for demonstration in science exhibitions. It can also be made as a mini
or major project for electrical or electronic students.
• When making this laser security system one can know all about laser beams and
their installation. While preparing a laser security system, we need to
concentrate on the microcontroller program and installed with the laser beam
device.
• When using traditional photo resistors for preparing security systems one has
to consider the natural light phenomena. Laser are strong in beam width and can
be focused on the perfect target.
• By using laser security system one can
be safe in the case of harmful effects
to the body. As the beam width used in
The laser security systems are not strong
beam widths. Which are used in the
cutting devices.
21. 4)Other Uses Of Laser Security Systems : The Laser security systems
are high tech innovations that have gained popularity in home and office
security systems. These are used to be expensive solutions for security
needs. Depending on cost and fast technological advancements laser
security systems becoming more adoptable.
22. Conclusion
• Home security is rapidly growing field and there are new &
improved burglar alarms popping up everyday.
• With rapid advancement of technology the filled is turning out
to be an area full of scope and new changes can be made to make
it’s more efficient.
• It has years to come, because security is of prime importance to
one and all.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sources ofin formationare
=> www.google.com
=> NCERT12TH
BOOK