Laser Beam Machining (LBM) is a nonconventional process that uses high-energy laser beams to heat, melt, and vaporize workpiece materials. While LBM offers advantages like low tool wear and the ability to machine various materials, it has disadvantages such as low energy efficiency and challenges in producing deep or blind holes. Applications include macro machining, surgery, and micro-drilling, making LBM a versatile method for complex machining tasks.

1. LASER BEAM MACHINING
KONKA MAHESH
191914045
MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT
SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

2. INDEX
WHAT IS LASER?
DEFINETION OF LBM
PRINCIPLE OF LBM
DIAGRAMATIC REPRESENTATIVE
HOW LASER IS PRODUED ?
CHARACTERSTICS OF LBM
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LBM
APPLICATIONS OF LBM

3. WHAT IS LASER ???
LASER stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation.
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of
optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of
electromagnetic radiation.

4.  LBM is a nonconventional machining process using then
thermal energy of the laser beams. During the
machining process, a high-energy laser beam falls on
the workpiece surface and removes the workpiece
material by heating, melting, and vaporizing.
DEFINE LBM

5. PRINCIPLE OF LBM
LASER BEAM is focused on the work piece by the
means of lens to give extremely high energy density to
melt and vaporize the work piece material.

6. DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION

7. HOW LASER PRODUCED???
• A high voltage is supply across the flash tube. A
capacitor is used to operate the flash tube at pulse
mode.
• As the flash is produced by the flash tube, it emits
light photons that contain energy.
• And then it is absorbed by the ruby crystal. The
photons absorbed by ruby crystals excite the
electrons to high energy level and population
inversion is attained.

8. HOW LASER PRODUCED???
•After short duration, this excited electrons jumps back to its
ground state and emits a light photon by spontaneous emission.
•The emitted photon stimulates the excited electrons and they
starts to return to the ground state by emitting two photons. In
this way two light photons are produced by a single photon.
Here the amplification (increase) of light takes place by
stimulated emission of radiation.
•Concentration of the light photon increases and it forms a laser
beam.

9. WORKING OF LBM
A very high energy laser beam is produced by the laser
machines. This laser beam produced is focused on the
workpiece to be machined.
When the laser beam strikes the surface of the w/p,
the thermal energy of the laser beam is transferred to
the surface of the w/p. this heats, melts, vaporizes the
work piece

10. CHARACTERSTICS OF LBM
Metal removal technique Heating , melting & vaporization of
material by using high intensity of laser
beam
Work piece All metals except those having high
thermal conductivity
Power density 10^7 W/sq.mm
MRR 6 Cu.mm/min
Pulse duration 1 millisecond
Dimensional accuracy + (or) – 0.025mm
Medium Atmosphere
Specific power consumption 1000 W/mm^3/min

11. ADVANTAGES OF LBM
•Non-metal can also be machined.
•Extremely small holes with good accuracy can be
machined.
•The tool wear rate is very low.
•Soft materials like plastic, rubber can be machined
easily.
•It is a very flexible and easily automated .

12. DISADVANTAGES OF LBM
•Cannot be used to produce a blind hole and deep holes.
•The machined holes are not round and straight.
•The capital cost is high.
•There is a problem with safety hazards.
•The overall efficiency of the LBM is low.

13. APPLICATIONS OF LBM
•Mass macro machining production.
•LBM is used in surgery.
•Micro-drilling operation.
•Photography in medical science.
•Spectroscopic Science

14. CONCLUSION
LBM is a powerful machining method for cutting complex
profiles and drilling holes in wide range of workpiece
materials. However, the main disadvantage of this
process is low energy efficiency from production rate
point of view and converging diverging shape of beam
profile from quality and accuracy point of view.