Principle of operation:-
LAESI produces ions for MS analysis under normal atmospheric conditions for samples containing water,
The principle of operation can be divided into two steps.
1)- Generation of analyze species:-
When a MID-IR laser beam is applied to a target that contains a hydroxide group, the target will absorb energy from this laser beam leading to evaporation of moisture from the targeted area, and a small portion of the sample is ablated into the gas phase, and the plume-like environment is formed.
2)-Reacting analyte species with charged solvent species:-
Now the ESI plays an imp role in this part, Electrospray ionization (ESI) source is located above the sample for post-ablation ionization. The jet of ablated material is intersected and ionized by a spray plume from the ESI source located above the sample.
Sample get ionized and ionized molecules then transfer towards the mass detector.
DESIGN, PREPARATION, EVALUATION, COMPATIBILITY AND INVITRO STUDIES OF NAPROXE...Maksud Al- Hasan (Mahim)
ABSTRACT
The rationale of the present study was to design and prepare a combination product of naproxen and esomeprazole tablet by layer by layer tableting method. In this method shellac, cellulose acetate phthalate, methacrylic acid (copolymers), polyvinyl acetate phthalate and hypromellose phthalate were used as an enteric coating agent, to provide delayed action of naproxen, and esomeprazole was combined as an immediate release part which was added as a drug layer around the enteric coated naproxen core through a coating suspension.
Learning
Base SAS,
Advanced SAS,
Proc SQl,
ODS,
SAS in financial industry,
Clinical trials,
SAS Macros,
SAS BI,
SAS on Unix,
SAS on Mainframe,
SAS interview Questions and Answers,
SAS Tips and Techniques,
SAS Resources,
SAS Certification questions...
visit http://sastechies.blogspot.com
An overview of nanogel drug delivery system it contains the information about gel & nanogel ,mechanism & routes of nanogel administration etc . Its very useful when studing the novel drug delivery system. It is also useful during formulation of Nanogel.
DESIGN, PREPARATION, EVALUATION, COMPATIBILITY AND INVITRO STUDIES OF NAPROXE...Maksud Al- Hasan (Mahim)
ABSTRACT
The rationale of the present study was to design and prepare a combination product of naproxen and esomeprazole tablet by layer by layer tableting method. In this method shellac, cellulose acetate phthalate, methacrylic acid (copolymers), polyvinyl acetate phthalate and hypromellose phthalate were used as an enteric coating agent, to provide delayed action of naproxen, and esomeprazole was combined as an immediate release part which was added as a drug layer around the enteric coated naproxen core through a coating suspension.
Learning
Base SAS,
Advanced SAS,
Proc SQl,
ODS,
SAS in financial industry,
Clinical trials,
SAS Macros,
SAS BI,
SAS on Unix,
SAS on Mainframe,
SAS interview Questions and Answers,
SAS Tips and Techniques,
SAS Resources,
SAS Certification questions...
visit http://sastechies.blogspot.com
An overview of nanogel drug delivery system it contains the information about gel & nanogel ,mechanism & routes of nanogel administration etc . Its very useful when studing the novel drug delivery system. It is also useful during formulation of Nanogel.
This presentation deals with they proposal of my M Pharm research project topic briefly. It consist of various areas which needs to answer during the course of project.
Niosomes are used in studies for drug delivery or gene transfer. However, their physical properties and features relative to liposomes are not well documented. To characterize and more rationally optimize niosome formulations, the properties of these vesicle systems are compared to those of liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine lipids plus cholesterol. Niosomes are highly stable and only slightly more leaky than liposomes as assayed by calcein leakage; the permeability for ions (KCl) is higher than that of liposomes. Contrary to liposomes, the size of niosomes decreases substantially upon freezing in liquid nitrogen and subsequent thawing, as shown by cryo-EM and dynamic light scattering. The packing of niosomal membranes was determined by laurdan fluorescence and is slightly lower than that of liposomes. We did not succeed in the functional reconstitution of the L-arginine/L-ornithine antiporter ArcD2 in niosomes, which we attribute to the non-ionic nature of the surfactants. The antimicrobial peptides alamethicin and melittin act similarly on niosomes and liposomes composed of unsaturated components, whereas both niosomes and liposomes are unaffected when saturated amphiphiles are used. In conclusion, in terms of stability and permeability for drug-size molecules niosomes are comparable to liposomes and they may offer an excellent, inexpensive alternative for delivery purposes.
Conference on Co- micronization by PH.D. Jérôme HecqBertin Pharma
Co-micronization: innovative technology to enhance oral
bioavailability of poorly water soluble APIs.
Jerome HECQ, Pharm.D, Ph.D.
APGI Day – MERCK and GATTEFOSSE
CNAM – Paris
24th May 2016
Polymer therapeutics: an smart drug delivary systemAlok kumar Soni
The development of polymer therapeutics has emerged as an exciting field of research for improving the therapeutic potential of low-molecular-weight drugs and proteins. this presentation depicted overview of nanomedicine in healthcare industry
Microemulsion is an isotropic mixture of oil, surfactant, Cosurfactant and drug.
Upon mild agitation followed by dilution in aqueous media, such as gastrointestinal (GI) fluids, the systems can form fine oil in water (O/W) Microemulsions which usually have a droplet size less than 100 nm.
Microemulsion have been successfully used to improve the solubility, chemical stability, and oral bioavailability of many poorly water soluble drugs.
They have characteristic properties such as a low interfacial tension, large interfacial area and capacity to solubilize both aqueous and oil-soluble compounds.
Laser Ablation Molecular Isotopic Spectrometry for rare isotopes of the light...Alexander Bolshakov
Laser ablation molecular isotopic spectrometry (LAMIS) involves measuring isotope-resolved molecular emission. Measurements of several key isotopes (hydrogen, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and chlorine) in laser ablation plumes were demonstrated. Requirements for spectral resolution of the optical detection system could be significantly relaxed when the isotopic ratio was determined using chemometric regression models. Multiple applications of LAMIS are anticipated in the nuclear power industry, medical diagnostics and therapies, forensics, carbon sequestration, and agronomy studies.
Here are the lecture notes from the presentation titled 'ICP-OES/MS Analysis: Advancements, Limitations, and Future Applications in Soil and Water Research,' delivered to a group of researchers affiliated with the Soil & Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Seagram Center) in 2023. The aim was to explore advanced technologies in elemental analysis and their application to soil and water research. The Lecture Notes Brochure (22 pages) can serve as a concise guide to ICP-OES/MS for researchers and students, assisting them in selecting the appropriate technique for their projects
This presentation deals with they proposal of my M Pharm research project topic briefly. It consist of various areas which needs to answer during the course of project.
Niosomes are used in studies for drug delivery or gene transfer. However, their physical properties and features relative to liposomes are not well documented. To characterize and more rationally optimize niosome formulations, the properties of these vesicle systems are compared to those of liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine lipids plus cholesterol. Niosomes are highly stable and only slightly more leaky than liposomes as assayed by calcein leakage; the permeability for ions (KCl) is higher than that of liposomes. Contrary to liposomes, the size of niosomes decreases substantially upon freezing in liquid nitrogen and subsequent thawing, as shown by cryo-EM and dynamic light scattering. The packing of niosomal membranes was determined by laurdan fluorescence and is slightly lower than that of liposomes. We did not succeed in the functional reconstitution of the L-arginine/L-ornithine antiporter ArcD2 in niosomes, which we attribute to the non-ionic nature of the surfactants. The antimicrobial peptides alamethicin and melittin act similarly on niosomes and liposomes composed of unsaturated components, whereas both niosomes and liposomes are unaffected when saturated amphiphiles are used. In conclusion, in terms of stability and permeability for drug-size molecules niosomes are comparable to liposomes and they may offer an excellent, inexpensive alternative for delivery purposes.
Conference on Co- micronization by PH.D. Jérôme HecqBertin Pharma
Co-micronization: innovative technology to enhance oral
bioavailability of poorly water soluble APIs.
Jerome HECQ, Pharm.D, Ph.D.
APGI Day – MERCK and GATTEFOSSE
CNAM – Paris
24th May 2016
Polymer therapeutics: an smart drug delivary systemAlok kumar Soni
The development of polymer therapeutics has emerged as an exciting field of research for improving the therapeutic potential of low-molecular-weight drugs and proteins. this presentation depicted overview of nanomedicine in healthcare industry
Microemulsion is an isotropic mixture of oil, surfactant, Cosurfactant and drug.
Upon mild agitation followed by dilution in aqueous media, such as gastrointestinal (GI) fluids, the systems can form fine oil in water (O/W) Microemulsions which usually have a droplet size less than 100 nm.
Microemulsion have been successfully used to improve the solubility, chemical stability, and oral bioavailability of many poorly water soluble drugs.
They have characteristic properties such as a low interfacial tension, large interfacial area and capacity to solubilize both aqueous and oil-soluble compounds.
Laser Ablation Molecular Isotopic Spectrometry for rare isotopes of the light...Alexander Bolshakov
Laser ablation molecular isotopic spectrometry (LAMIS) involves measuring isotope-resolved molecular emission. Measurements of several key isotopes (hydrogen, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and chlorine) in laser ablation plumes were demonstrated. Requirements for spectral resolution of the optical detection system could be significantly relaxed when the isotopic ratio was determined using chemometric regression models. Multiple applications of LAMIS are anticipated in the nuclear power industry, medical diagnostics and therapies, forensics, carbon sequestration, and agronomy studies.
Here are the lecture notes from the presentation titled 'ICP-OES/MS Analysis: Advancements, Limitations, and Future Applications in Soil and Water Research,' delivered to a group of researchers affiliated with the Soil & Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Seagram Center) in 2023. The aim was to explore advanced technologies in elemental analysis and their application to soil and water research. The Lecture Notes Brochure (22 pages) can serve as a concise guide to ICP-OES/MS for researchers and students, assisting them in selecting the appropriate technique for their projects
Nanoscale IR spectroscopy (AFM-IR Spectroscopy)bungasirisha
Nanoscale IR spectroscopy or AFM-IR spectroscopy is type of hyphenated techniques in the field of analytical chemistry where it is useful for both chemical and structural analysis of the compound with resolution at Nano level. It combines the advantages of the microscope with spectral characteristics of IR spectroscopy. We can Correlate microscopy with spectroscopy and can interpret the data to FTIR also.
Near and mid-infrared spectroscopic determination of algal compositionzhenhua82
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) or mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (MIRS) could be used to determine the composition of algal turf scrubber samples. We assayed a set of algal turf scrubber (ATS) samples (n = 117) by NIRS, MIRS, and conventional means for ash, total sugar, mono-sugar, total N, and P content. A subset of these samples (n = 64) were assayed by conventional means, MIRS, and NIRS for total lipid and total fatty acid content. We developed calibrations using all the samples and a one-out cross-validation procedure under partial least-squares regression. This process was repeated using 75% of randomly selected samples to develop the calibration and the remaining samples as an independent test set. Results using the entire sample set demonstrated that NIRS and MIRS can accurately determine ash (r (2) = 0.994 and 0.995, respectively) and total N (r (2) = 0.787 and 0.820, respectively) content, but not phosphorus, total sugar, or mono-sugar content in ATS samples. Results using the 64 sample subset indicated that neither NIRS nor MIRS can accurately determine lipid or total fatty acid content in ATS samples.
HPLC is Analytical technique that is used for separating the mixture of substances,so there is a number of promising application of HPLC-UV here uv detector is used which record the absorbance
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Nanomaterials for SERS Biomedical/Env...Necla YÜCEL
In this study, a simple green method was employed to synthesize functionalized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for detection of dopamine (DA). In this method, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was functionalized on silver nanoparticles to prepare the uniform and controlled size of nanoparticles (NPs). The optical and structural properties of functionalized nanoparticles were characterized. The Raman spectra of the prepared PEG-Ag SERS substrate clearly indicated an enhancement in the SERS signal of dopamine. The developed functionalized SERS substrate can be potentially used as a sensitive SERS substrate for detection of various neurotransmitters for biomedical application.
The use of agrochemicals has increased considerably in recent years, and consequently, there has been increased exposure of ecosystems and human populations to these highly toxic compounds. The study and development of methodologies to detect these substances with greater sensitivity has become extremely relevant. This article describes, for the first time, the use of atomic force spectroscopy (AFS) in the detection of enzyme-inhibiting herbicides. A nanobiosensor based on an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip functionalised with the acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme was developed and characterised. The herbicide metsulfuron-methyl, an ALS inhibitor, was successfully detected through the acquisition of force curves using this biosensor. The adhesion force values were considerably higher when the biosensor was used. An increase of ~250% was achieved relative to the adhesion force using an unfunctionalised AFM tip. This considerable increase was the result of a specific interaction between the enzyme and the herbicide, which was primarily responsible for the efficiency of the nanobiosensor. These results indicate that this methodology is promising for the detection of herbicides, pesticides, and other environmental contaminants.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
1. Laser Ablation Electrospray Ionization
(LAESI)
Kute Raju Dattatray
Department of Analysis
(First year /1st semester)
Reg. No: PA/2022-05/087
1
2. Sr.no CONTENT Page no
1 INTRODUCTION 3
2 DISCOVERY 4
3 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION 5
4 SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION 6
5 FLOWCHART 7
6 ADVANTAGES/LIMITATION 8
7 APPLICATION 9-12
8 ANIMATION VIDEO 13
9 REFRENCES 14
TABLE OF CONTENT
2
3. ESI SOURCE
For ionization
ABLATION
The loss of material from a large
mass of surface as a result of the
action of the external force.
LASER
(Mid-IR 2940nm)
To generate gas phase particle.
LAESI
3
5. Principle of operation:-
LAESI produces ions for MS analysis under normal atmospheric conditions for samples containing water,
The principle of operation can be divided into two steps.
1)- Generation of analyze species:-
When a MID-IR laser beam is applied to a target that contains a hydroxide group, the target will absorb energy
from this laser beam leading to evaporation of moisture from the targeted area, and a small portion of the sample
is ablated into the gas phase, and the plume-like environment is formed.
2)-Reacting analyte species with charged solvent species:-
Now the ESI plays an imp role in this part, Electrospray ionization (ESI) source is located above the sample for
post-ablation ionization. The jet of ablated material is intersected and ionized by a spray plume from the ESI
source located above the sample.
Sample get ionized and ionized molecules then transfer towards the mass detector.
5
7. Sample put on sample
stage
IR beam was
bombarded on it
Sample absorb energy
and ablation occur
Ablation ejects mixture of
molecule from sample
Ionisation of sample molecule
Ionised molecules passed
to the MS
ESI source
We pass solvent of
interest through it
Extensive evaporation
is occurred
Intersection occur between ablated
sample and aerosol from ESI
Jet of aerosol was
formed
Flowchart of operational principle of LAESI
7
8. Advantages:-
This technique needs very little or no sample preparation.
It has high sensitivity.
This ionization technique does not need any kind of external matrix.
This ionization technique can be carried out in natural and uneven biological surface.
It allow direct analysis of sample in native atmospheric condition .
Required significantly shorter analysis time.
Limitation:-
LAESI is a relatively new technique for those samples which contain water and are relatively stable. However, it has
limitations for those samples which have lower water content.
For example,
• this technique does not ionize dry skin, nails, teeth, and bone well; this is due to the low water content in these samples.
• It needs a relatively large sampling area compared to some other common ionization techniques.
8
9. Applications:-
LAESI help us in a broad variety of applications ranging from plant biology to clinical analysis.
It is possible to performed in vivo spatial profiling (on leaf, stem, and root nodule ) of plant with the help of LAESI.
For detection of mycotoxin produced by a variety of molds, particularly Aspergillus Often found in rotting apples.
Proteins, lipids, and metabolites were Easily identified.
LAESI can also go for direct analysis of bodily fluids like (urine, blood, and serum) respectively.
LAESI-MS applicability was demonstrated in the analysis of tissue, food contaminants, synthetic materials, and
single cells analysis also.
9
10. This technique is able to performed in vivo spatial profiling on leaf, stem, and root of the plant.
10
11. Patulin is a toxin produced by a number of different moulds such as Penicillium and Aspergillus. It can be found in
damaged or mouldy fruits, particularly apples.
Patulin was not detected in the control samples but was seen in all mold-infected fruits.
With the used of LAESI we are easy to detect and quantify the limit of toxin in infected fruit.
Detection of toxin by LAESI
For detection of mycotoxin produced by a variety of molds, particularly Aspergillus Often found in rotting apples
11
12. a) Optical image of the
Soybean nodule with small
ablation hole of diameter 150
μm.
b) The intensities of m/z ratio
Red-1069.56 (Soyasaponin)
Green-616.178 (Heme).
c) Average mass spectrum from the
outer layer for 1-45 Laser pulse
[soyasaponin H]+ revealed high
abundance in the first 45 laser shots
after the laser was pulsed.
d) Average mass spectrum from 50-
90 Laser pulse
Within the same experimental run,
ions localized to the infection zone
[heme B]+ .
Molecular species tracked to the outer layer included :-
(soyasaponin -- m/z 1069.551)
(dihydroxy Methoxyflavone --m/z 285.071)
Within the infection zone several ions were localized,
(Heme B+ -- m/z 616.179)
(Adenosine -- m/z 268.104)
Here, LAESI localized specific ions to the different layers of soybean nodule and tracked them by observing
the ion intensity over the number of laser shots .
12
13.
14. Reference:-
1) Nemes P, Vertes A. Laser Ablation Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Mechanisms,
Configurations and imaging Applications. Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry. London: Royal
Society of Chemistry. 2014 Nov 14:348-71.
2) Nemes P, Vertes A. Laser ablation electrospray ionization for atmospheric pressure, in vivo, and
imaging mass spectrometry. Analytical chemistry. 2007 Nov 1;79(21):8098-106.
3) Etalo DW, DeVos RC, Joosten MH, Hall RD. Spatially resolved plant metabolomics: some potentials
and limitations of laser-ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry metabolite imaging. Plant
physiology. 2015 Nov;169(3):1424-35.
4) Shrestha B,Vertes A. In situ metabolic profiling of single cells by laser ablation electrospray ionization
mass spectrometry. Analytical chemistry. 2009 Oct 15;81(20):8265-71.
14
16. the ionization efficiency achieved by laser sources is low, as the majority of desorbed molecules generated by the
laser ablation process are neutrals Therefore, most laser-based ambient ionization MS techniques are coupled to a
secondary ionization source, such as ESI to enhance ionization efficiency and thus sensitivity.
LAESI utilizes a mid-IR laser to ablate a sample surface, generating a plume of mostly neutral molecules. As with
other ESI based methods, ionization is favored toward polar molecules. LAESI analysis of polar and less-polar
analytes including verapimil and arginine during the same experiment has been achieved by optimizing a solvent
gradient in the ESI source.
Polar molecule
Water (H2O) is polar,
Ammonia (NH3) is polar,
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is polar,
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is polar.
16