Large bore engines
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Large bore engines refer to engines with larger cylinder diameters. These engines have certain geometric advantages like reduced heat transfer and higher efficiency due to a smaller surface area exposed to combustion gases. There are two main types - large bore natural gas engines and large bore diesel engines. In some large bore engines, the piston is connected to the crankshaft via a piston rod and crosshead bearing rather than a direct connecting rod. Piston rings play an important role in sealing the combustion chamber and managing heat transfer and lubrication. Large bore engines find applications in marine propulsion systems and power plants.
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Boron is the chemical element with atomic number 5 and the chemical symbol B. :
Boron is the chemical element with atomic number 5 and the chemical symbol B .
PowerPoint Presentation:
Electron shell diagram for Boron , the 5th element in the periodic table of elements.
Boron is a metalloid element which occurs abundantly in the evaporite ores borax and ulexite. :
Boron is a metalloid element which occurs abundantly in the evaporite ores borax and ulexite.
A low-abundance element in both the solar system and the Earth's crust, boron is concentrated on Earth by the water-solubility of its more common naturally-occurring compounds, the borate minerals. :
A low-abundance element in both the solar system and the Earth's crust , boron is concentrated on Earth by the water-solubility of its more common naturally-occurring compounds, the borate minerals .
These are mined industrially as evaporate ores, such as borax and kernite.:
These are mined industrially as evaporate ores , such as borax and kernite .
Elemental boron is not found naturally. :
Elemental boron is not found naturally.
Industrially, very pure isolated boron is produced with difficulty, as boron tends to form refractory materials containing small amounts of carbon or other elements.:
Industrially , very pure isolated boron is produced with difficulty, as boron tends to form refractory materials containing small amounts of carbon or other elements .
Boron is used mainly not as the element boron, but as compounds of boric oxide (B2O3) and boric acid (H3BO3). Most people have never seen elemental boron. :
Boron is used mainly not as the element boron , but as compounds of boric oxide (B 2 O 3 ) and boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ). Most people have never seen elemental boron .
Boron minerals can be used in some sectors in the industry as crude minerals. :
Boron minerals can be used in some sectors in the industry as crude minerals.
In general, their applications after refining and end-products are wider than crude ones.:
In general, their applications after refining and end-products are wider than crude ones .
Boron minerals, borates and compounds have a very wide range of applications.:
Boron minerals , borates and compounds have a very wide range of applications.
Boron in use:
Boron in use
Agriculture :
Agriculture Essential micronutrient for all plant
Detergents and Soaps :
Detergents and Soaps Act as pH buffer Soften the Washing water Enhance the solubility of other ingredients Act as a gentle but powerful bleaching agent Anti-bacterial properties eliminate micro organisms.
Ceramic Glazes and Enamel Frits :
Ceramic Glazes and Enamel Frits Provide good fluxing properties Provide a good base for dissolving colouring agents.
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Insulation Fibreglass Reduce the temperature at which f
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Compounds of Boron,Orthoboric acid (H3BO3),Borax (sodium tetraborate) Na2B4O7. 10H2O,Diborane,Compounds of Aluminium,Aluminium Oxide or Alumina (Al2O3),
Aluminum Chloride AlCl3,Carbon Family (Group 14 Elements):
Compounds of Carbon,Carbon Monoxide,Carbon di-oxide,
Carbides, Nitrogen Family (Group 15 Elements),
Ammonia (NH3),Phosphorus,Phosphorous Halides,Oxides of Phosphorus,Oxy – Acids of Phosphorus,Oxygen Family (Group 16 Elements) , Allotropes of Sulphur,Halogen Family ( Group 17 Elements,Inter halogen compounds,
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- 1. LARGE BORE ENGINES Submitted by- Rishabh Jain (K11619) B.Tech Mechanical 6th Sem/ 3rd Yr
- 2. CONTENTS • What is bore. • Significance of Engine Geometry. • Types of Large Bore Engine. • Working. • Role of Piston Rings. • Applications. • References.
- 3. Bore, is a term used in describing a part of a piston engine. It represents the size of the cylinder, in terms of diameter of the cylinder in which a piston travels. The value of a cylinder’s bore, and stroke, is used to establish the displacement of an engine. Displacement = Bore2 x 0.7854 x Stroke x No. f cylinders What Is Bore
- 4. Simple geometric relationships show that an engine cylinder with longer stroke-to-bore ratio will have a smaller surface area exposed to the combustion chamber gasses compared to a cylinder with shorter stroke-to-bore ratio. The smaller area leads directly to reduced in- cylinder heat transfer, increased energy transfer to the crankshaft and, therefore, higher efficiency. Significance Of Engine Geometry
- 5. Types of Large Bore Engines Large Bore Natural Gas Engine Large Bore Diesel Engine
- 6. Piston Piston rod Crank pin, bottom end bearing (rotatory motion) Journal, journal bearing (rotatory motion) Crosshead, crosshead bearing (reciprocating) Connecting rod Piston rings Oil pumped at a certain pressure Web Piston skirt Stuffing box Platform separating cylinder from crank case Ref: http://www.marinediesels.info/2_stroke_engine_parts/crosshead.htm In some engines such as long and superlong stroke engines, the piston is not directly connected to the crank pin via a connecting rod. The piston has a piston rod extending from the bottom of the piston. The piston rod is then connected to the connecting rod at the crosshead bearing. The crosshead bearing has a to and fro motion and therefore a continuous hydrodynamic film cannot form. Therefore oil has to be pumped to the crosshead bearing at a predetermined pressure in order to take the loads of compression and combustion. The crosshead is connected to the crank pin via a connecting rod. Working
- 7. Piston rings seal the combustion chamber from the cylinder crankcase in order to prevent combustion gases (or blow-by) penetrating the crankcase and to prevent the lubricating oil being sprayed around in the crankcase from penetrating the combustion chamber .In addition, the piston rings dissipate the heat from the piston to the cylinder and ensure the lubricating film is evenly distributed. Therefore the main requirements for piston rings are high resistance to wear and corrosion and a low drop in elasticity at high temperatures. Role Of Piston Ring
- 8. • Marine propulsion system. • Power plant. Applications