Language comparison
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Yan is an eight-year-old boy born in New York to Chinese parents who speaks Mandarin and Chinese at home. He lived in China for one year and attended preschool there. Mandarin has characteristics like not distinguishing parts of speech or expressing verb tenses and plurals in the same way as English. Yan makes errors with articles, plurals, verb tense and phonemes because those concepts are expressed differently or don't exist in Mandarin compared to English.
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Learner difficulties
Speakers of Mandarin Chinese, which is spoken by over 840 million people in China and other countries, face certain challenges when learning English as a second language. Some of the structural differences between Mandarin and English that cause difficulties include articles and other modifiers, as Chinese lacks articles. Verb tense and aspect are also challenging as Mandarin does not inflect verbs in the same way as English. Additionally, phrasal verbs do not exist in Mandarin, making their meanings and usage difficult for Mandarin speakers learning English.
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This document summarizes the linguistic abilities and errors of an 8-year-old English Language Learner from Puerto Rico in the 2nd grade. His biggest weakness was reading, being approximately one year behind. Some common errors included issues with digraph pronunciation, fluency, spelling vowels incorrectly, word order mistakes, and improper use of verb tenses. These errors can be attributed to transfers from rules in Spanish to English. The summary recommends educational approaches like building vocabulary across the curriculum and comparing/contrasting linguistic structures in Spanish and English.
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This document summarizes the linguistic abilities and errors of an 8-year-old English Language Learner from Puerto Rico in the 2nd grade. His biggest weakness was reading, being approximately one year behind. Some common errors included issues with digraph pronunciation, fluency, spelling vowels incorrectly, word order mistakes, and improper use of verb tenses. These errors can be attributed to transfers from rules in Spanish to English. The summary recommends teaching connections between English and Spanish while also directly instructing the new rules of English.
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Majorship.pptx
The document provides an introduction to the study of linguistics. It discusses key characteristics of human language, including that language is arbitrary, social, symbolic, systematic, vocal, non-instinctive and conventional. It also notes that language is productive and creative, allowing for new utterances. The document outlines the main components of linguistics, including phonetics, phonology, morphology and syntax. It describes the sounds of language and how morphemes like prefixes and suffixes can change a word's meaning.
Chomskyan linguistics lec 3
Chomsky revolutionized linguistics in the 1950s by critiquing behaviorist theories of language acquisition and proposing an innate language acquisition device. He argued that children have innate linguistic knowledge rather than learning language through imitation and reinforcement. Chomsky introduced the concept of transformational grammar, which describes an underlying deep structure and surface structure related by transformations. His work established linguistics as a cognitive science and influenced many other fields.
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This document summarizes key differences between Vietnamese and English languages that can help explain common errors made by Vietnamese English Language Learners (ELLs). It describes a case study of a 12-year-old male student adopted from Vietnam at age 6 who was never formally schooled in writing English. The document outlines phonetic, grammatical, and structural differences between the two languages and implications for helping Vietnamese ELLs overcome common errors in writing and speech.
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The Intonation Patterns of English and Persian Sentences: A Contrastive StudyResearch Journal of Education
Different intonation pattern is one of the factors affecting the learning of L2 pronunciation. The contrastive analysis of English-Persian intonation patterns has shown that both languages are similar in sentence-final intonation while they are different in incomplete sentences. To this end, this paper describes English-Persian intonation patterns to look at the differences and similarities of the two languages to improve the effectiveness of L2 learning. Similar to Language comparison (20)
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Language comparison
- 1. Language Comparison Marie Hartmann
- 3. born in New York, but parents both from China
- 4. speaks Mandarin and Chinese at home
- 5. lived in China for one year and attended preschool there
- 8. there are no auxiliaries in questions or negative sentences
- 9. there are no articles
- 10. there are no plurals
- 11. affixes are rare
- 13. plurality and tense are not indicated by morphemes
- 14. four different tones can be applied to syllables; each tone changes the meaning
- 15. Errors Articles Reason for Errors - There are no articles in Mandarin.
- 16. Errors Plurals Reason for Errors – Plurality is not expressed in Mandarin.
- 17. Errors Verb Tense Reason for Errors – Tense and time are expressed differently in Mandarin than they are in English.
- 18. Errors Phonemic Reason for Error – The v sound does not exist in Mandarin.
- 19. References Flaitz, J., Eckstein, L. K., Kalaydjian, K. S., Miranda, A., Mitchell, D. A., Mohamed, A., . . . Zollner, L. E. (2003). Understanding your international students: An educational, cultural, and linguistic guide. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press. Li, C. N. & Thompson, S. A. (1981). Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Lin, H. T. (1981). Essential grammar for modern Chinese. Boston, MA: Cheng & Tsui Company, Inc. WIDA Consortium. (2009). The English language learner CAN DO booklet: Grades 1-2. Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System.