The document discusses the muscles involved in mastication and their influence on denture borders. It describes the masseter muscle pushing the buccinator medially, requiring a masseteric groove contour in dentures. The medial pterygoid contracts during closing and influences the retromylohyoid border. Temporalis and lateral pterygoid position the condyles in centric relation, with lateral pterygoid controlling condylar movement during function. Occlusal splints promote muscle relaxation and neuromuscular harmony.
Saliva and its prosthodontic considerationsCPGIDSH
importance of saliva is often neglected by clinicians and practitioners but is one of the most important body fluids not only in dentistry perceptive but also in regard to medical diagnosis. in dentistry it plays a special role specially in complete denture patients
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Saliva and its prosthodontic considerationsCPGIDSH
importance of saliva is often neglected by clinicians and practitioners but is one of the most important body fluids not only in dentistry perceptive but also in regard to medical diagnosis. in dentistry it plays a special role specially in complete denture patients
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
MANDIBULAR ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS
PRESENTED BY
ROSHALMARIA THOMAS
IV/II
THE ANATOMY OF EDENTULOUS RIDGES IN THE MAXILLA AND MANDIBLE IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR THE DESIGN OF THE COMPLETE DENTURE
THE TOTAL AREA OF SUPPORT FROM THE MANDIBLE IS SIGNIFICANTLY LESS THAN FROM THE MAXILLA.
THE AVERAGE AVAILABLE DENTURE BEARING AREA FOR AN EDENTULOUS MANDIBLE IS 14cm2 , WHEREAS FOR EDENTULOS MAXILLA IT IS 24cm2. THEREFORE THE MANDIBLE IS LESS CAPABLE OF RESISTING OCCLUSAL FORCES THAN THE MAXILLA.
Labial frenum
Fibrous band
Muscles incisivus and orbicularis oris
Active
Labial vestibule
Space between residual alveolar ridge and lips
Length and thickness of labial flange-influences lip support and retention
Buccal frenum
Overlies depressor anguli oris
Fibers of buccinators attached
Buccal vestibule
Extends- posteriorly from buccal frenum to retromolar pad region
Residual alveolar ridge on one side and buccinators on other
Influenced by action of masseter
Lingual frenum
Should be relieved
High lingual frenum is called tongue tie –affects stability
Alveololingual sulcus
Extends from lingual frenum to retromylohyoid curtain
Divided into 3 parts- anterior, middle and posterior
Anterior region- from lingual frenum to premylohyoid fossa
Flange is shorter anteriorly and should touch the floorof the mouth whentip of tongue touches upper incisors
Middle- extends from premylohyoid fossa to distal end of mylohyoid ridge
Shallower due to prominence of mylohyoid ridge and action of mylohyoid muscle
Posterior- retromylohyoid fossa
Typical S form of lingual sulcus
Retromolar pad
Posterior seal of mandibular denture
Pear shaped
Triangular keratinized soft pad of tissue at distal end of ridge
Bounded posteriorly by tendons of temporalis, laterally by buccinators and medially by pterygomandibular raphe and superior constrictor
Denture should extend one half to two thirds of retromolar pad
Buccal shelf area
Area between buccal frenum and anterior border of masseter
Width increases as resorption continues
Lies at right angles to occlusal forces- primary stress bearing area
Residual alveolar ridge
Edentulous mandible may become flat with concave denture bearing surface
In such cases, structures attaching on lingual side of ridge attach over the ridge
Due to resorption mandible inclines outwards and becomes progressively wider
Mylohyoid ridge
Runs along lingual surface of mandible
Anteriorly lies close to inferior border of mandible, posteriorly lies flush along the ridge
Thin mucosa- easily traumatized- hence should be relieved
Undercut present under the ridge
Mental foramen
Between first and second premolar region
Relieved- as pressure may cause paresthesia
Genial tubercles
Pair of bony tubercles
Present anteriorly on lingual side of body of mandible
Due to resorption may become increasingly prominent- denture usage difficult
As we know that the muscles play an important role in stability and support of a prosthesis,hence we should be well learned about their peripheries and actions.
The human mandible can be related to the maxilla in several positions in the horizontal plane. Among these centric relation is a significant position, because of its usefulness in relating the dentulous and edentulous mandible to maxilla, where the teeth , muscles and temporomandibular joint function in harmony. It is a position of occluso-articular harmony.
A number of theories have been put forward for impressions. each having its own advantage and disadvantage.
Different spacers guide and aid in in making the desired impression with adequate pressure in the desired region of the arch in maxilla and mandible. different materials are used for spacers depending on the need.
MANDIBULAR ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS
PRESENTED BY
ROSHALMARIA THOMAS
IV/II
THE ANATOMY OF EDENTULOUS RIDGES IN THE MAXILLA AND MANDIBLE IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR THE DESIGN OF THE COMPLETE DENTURE
THE TOTAL AREA OF SUPPORT FROM THE MANDIBLE IS SIGNIFICANTLY LESS THAN FROM THE MAXILLA.
THE AVERAGE AVAILABLE DENTURE BEARING AREA FOR AN EDENTULOUS MANDIBLE IS 14cm2 , WHEREAS FOR EDENTULOS MAXILLA IT IS 24cm2. THEREFORE THE MANDIBLE IS LESS CAPABLE OF RESISTING OCCLUSAL FORCES THAN THE MAXILLA.
Labial frenum
Fibrous band
Muscles incisivus and orbicularis oris
Active
Labial vestibule
Space between residual alveolar ridge and lips
Length and thickness of labial flange-influences lip support and retention
Buccal frenum
Overlies depressor anguli oris
Fibers of buccinators attached
Buccal vestibule
Extends- posteriorly from buccal frenum to retromolar pad region
Residual alveolar ridge on one side and buccinators on other
Influenced by action of masseter
Lingual frenum
Should be relieved
High lingual frenum is called tongue tie –affects stability
Alveololingual sulcus
Extends from lingual frenum to retromylohyoid curtain
Divided into 3 parts- anterior, middle and posterior
Anterior region- from lingual frenum to premylohyoid fossa
Flange is shorter anteriorly and should touch the floorof the mouth whentip of tongue touches upper incisors
Middle- extends from premylohyoid fossa to distal end of mylohyoid ridge
Shallower due to prominence of mylohyoid ridge and action of mylohyoid muscle
Posterior- retromylohyoid fossa
Typical S form of lingual sulcus
Retromolar pad
Posterior seal of mandibular denture
Pear shaped
Triangular keratinized soft pad of tissue at distal end of ridge
Bounded posteriorly by tendons of temporalis, laterally by buccinators and medially by pterygomandibular raphe and superior constrictor
Denture should extend one half to two thirds of retromolar pad
Buccal shelf area
Area between buccal frenum and anterior border of masseter
Width increases as resorption continues
Lies at right angles to occlusal forces- primary stress bearing area
Residual alveolar ridge
Edentulous mandible may become flat with concave denture bearing surface
In such cases, structures attaching on lingual side of ridge attach over the ridge
Due to resorption mandible inclines outwards and becomes progressively wider
Mylohyoid ridge
Runs along lingual surface of mandible
Anteriorly lies close to inferior border of mandible, posteriorly lies flush along the ridge
Thin mucosa- easily traumatized- hence should be relieved
Undercut present under the ridge
Mental foramen
Between first and second premolar region
Relieved- as pressure may cause paresthesia
Genial tubercles
Pair of bony tubercles
Present anteriorly on lingual side of body of mandible
Due to resorption may become increasingly prominent- denture usage difficult
As we know that the muscles play an important role in stability and support of a prosthesis,hence we should be well learned about their peripheries and actions.
The human mandible can be related to the maxilla in several positions in the horizontal plane. Among these centric relation is a significant position, because of its usefulness in relating the dentulous and edentulous mandible to maxilla, where the teeth , muscles and temporomandibular joint function in harmony. It is a position of occluso-articular harmony.
A number of theories have been put forward for impressions. each having its own advantage and disadvantage.
Different spacers guide and aid in in making the desired impression with adequate pressure in the desired region of the arch in maxilla and mandible. different materials are used for spacers depending on the need.
Hi this is a very good powerpoint presentation on a limited topic on net that is DEPROGRAMMING SPLINT just have a look to it and any suggestions most heartly welcome
Anoverview of TMD'S categories and main types of interocclusal appliances( occlusal splints ) used during the management of these musculoskeletal disorders .
Splints in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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Revision of Complete Denture Occlusion 5th yearAmalKaddah1
Revisions of
Definitions
Differences between natural and artificial dentition
Types of artificial tooth forms
Types of balance
Factors affecting balanced occlusion
Concepts of occlusion
Journal Club Presentation on Overlay Removable Partial DentureNeerajaMenon4
Overlay removable partial dentures (ORPDs), a subset of overdentures, are often referred to as an RPD that has part of their components covering the occlusal surface of the abutment teeth to restore them into a functional occlusion
Pontics are the artificial teeth of a partial fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) that replace missing natural teeth, restoring function and appearance.They must enable continued oral health and comfort.
An interim removable partial denture (RPD) addresses patients’ concerns regarding esthetics and function and helps them adjust to the edentulous condition until a more definitive form of treatment can be rendered.
An investment is a refractory material that is used to form a mould around a wax pattern.
Following the production of a wax pattern either by direct or indirect method; the next stage in many dental procedures involves the investment of the pattern to form a mould.
A sprue is attached to the pattern and the assembly is located in a casting ring. Investment material is poured around the wax pattern while still in a fluid state.
When the investment sets hard, the wax and sprue former are removed by burning out to leave a mould which can be filled with an alloy or ceramic using a casting technique.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journey
Muscles of mastication prosthodontic consideration
1. Muscles of MASTICATION
Dr. Neeraja M Menon
Dept. Of Prosthodontics
Coorg Institute Of Dental Sciences
PROSTHODONTIC CONSIDERATION
2. DEFINITIONS
MUSCLE (GPT 9): an organ that by contraction produces
movements of an animal; a tissue composed of contractile cells
or fibres that effect movements of an organ or part of the body.
MASTICATION (GPT 9): the process of chewing food for
swallowing and digestion
3. Border Moulding
1. Masseter:
• When the Masseter is activated it pushes the Buccinator medially against
the denture border in the area of retromolar pad.
• This is a dislodging force and the denture base should be contoured to
accommodate this action.
• This contour of the denture base is termed the masseteric groove.
.
4. Masseteric Notch Action on Denture Border
An active masseter muscle will create concavity in the outline of the distobuccal
border and a less active muscle may result in convex border .
5. Activation of Masseteric Notch and Distal Area
Instruct the patient to open wide and then to close against the resting force of the fingers.
Opening wide activates the muscles of pterygomandibular raphae by stretching, which
thereby defines the most distal extension
Instructing the patient to close against your fingers on the tray handle causes masseter
muscle to contract and push against the medially situated buccinators muscle.
6.
7. 2. Medial Pterygoid
It is one of the muscles that influence the
denture border in the region of the retro
mylohyoid curtain.
Medial pterygoid is one of the elevators of the
mandible. When the patient closes his jaw , the
medial pterygoid contracts against the superior
constrictor of pharynx which is immediately
anterior to it which in turn forms the postero
lateral aspect of the retro mylohyoid curtain
which molds the border of the mandibular
denture in the region of the retromylohyoid
fossa.
Masseter
Mandible
Medial
pterygoid
Pterygomandibular
raphae
8. Border extension
Masseter
If the distobuccal flange of denture base is not contoured to allow freedom of
masseteric action, the denture will be displaced.
At the masseteric notch buccal flange must converge medially to avoid displacement due to
contraction of masseter muscle because the muscle fibers in that area are vertical and
oblique.
9. Medial Pterygoid
Care should be taken that the lingual flange should not be overextended
as the lingual nerve is closely related to the lingual flange and even the
submandibular duct can be blocked.
10. CENTRIC RELATION
Temporalis
• As its most posterior fibers pass very close to the condyle the
posterior temporalis functions as a stabilizer of TMJ.
• It suspends the mandible in centric relation. Anterior group of
fibers which are aligned vertically hold the mandible in superior
most position.
• Temporal headaches are common in TMD’s .
11. Lateral Pterygoid
• During closure of the mouth
the backward gliding of the
articular disc & condyle is
controlled by slow elongation of
lateral pterygoid while Masseter
& Temporalis restore the jaw to
the occlusal position.
Thus it acts as a stabilizer of
TMJ .
• It holds the condyles in centric
relation position
12. Occlusal harmony
Unilateral failure of lateral pterygoid muscle to contract results in deviation of the mandible
toward the affected side on opening .
Bilateral failure results in limited opening , loss of protrusion , and loss of full lateral
deviation.
In patients with non-working side interferences ,the lateral pterygoid muscle on the
opposite of the interference is painful.
13. Disharmony Between the occlusion and the TMJ
If the condyles must be displaced from centric relation to achieve max
intercuspation ,the lateral pterygoid must contract (pulled down).
This causes muscle incoordination with potential for occlusal disease,
muscle pain, or disorders of TMJ
14. Tooth interferences to the centric relation arc of closure
Activates lateral pterygoid
Hyperactivity of the closing muscles
15. Placement of a simple flat interocclusal device on the anterior teeth
Separates the posterior teeth
Allow the TMJ to completely seat up into CR
Lateral pterygoid releases contraction
Co-ordinated muscle function
16. OCCLUSALSPLINTTHERAPY
Occlusal splints promote muscle relaxation by providing a platform for the
teeth that allows for equal distribution of tooth contacts, immediate posterior
tooth disocclusion in all movements (with anterior guidance), and reduced
stress on the joint. Neuromuscular harmony that follows provides for optimal
function and comfort.
17. NTI (Nociceptive Trigeminal Inhibition) Tension Suppression
System
The direct stimulation of the periodontal ligament of the lower incisors
activates a feedback loop, which significantly limits the contraction intensity
of the closing muscles.
18. Stabilization splint
Provides a temporary and removable ideal occlusion. Providing an ideal
occlusion by the use of splint therapy reduces abnormal muscle activity and
produces neuromuscular balance.
19. Anterior Bite Plane
It disengage the posterior teeth and thus eliminate their influence
in the function or dysfunction of the masticatory system
Anterior Bite Plane Lucia Jig Anterior deprogrammer
20. SOFT(RESILIENT) SPLINT
These appliances are generally worn only at night and if they are
successful, will produce symptomatic relief within 6 weeks.
21. Muscle Reconditioning Splint
It is used for its effect on the muscular reconditioning and
also to reinforce the personal responsibility of the patient.
In all cases of persistent TMD and the presence of acute
musculoskeletal pain, despite a preliminary treatment
Michigan occlusal splint
22. CONCLUSION
The masticatory system is extremely complex, primarily made
of bones, muscles, ligaments and teeth.
Precise movement of mandible by the musculature is required
to move the teeth effectively across each other during
function.
The knowledge of the anatomy physiology and mechanisms
of these muscles are basic to understand the movements.