Labour in economics.
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Labor is defined as any physical or mental exertion undertaken to earn a living. It is an essential factor of production. Labor has several key characteristics: it is inseparable from the laborer, indispensable for production, perishable, an active factor of production, sells its services but not itself, is both a means and end of production, and differs in efficiency between individuals. Indian agricultural labor is typically under-employed, suffers from disguised unemployment, has low productivity and bargaining power, and experiences seasonal employment. The efficiency of labor can be improved through education and training, better wages and working conditions, incentives, social security, reducing seasonality, and other measures.
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It then shifts to discussing silk, noting that silk fibers come from the cocoons of silk moths. The life cycle of silk moths is briefly described, focusing on how the caterpillars (silkworms) produce silk fibers by secreting them from their heads as they spin coco
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This document provides an introduction and overview of labor welfare. It defines labor welfare as efforts to improve the lives of workers beyond their wages. The objectives of labor welfare are improving employee loyalty, morale, and productivity while reducing turnover. Labor welfare can be intramural, provided within the workplace, or extramural, provided outside. Common intramural services include drinking water, toilets, childcare, medical aid, and cafeterias. Extramural services include transportation, housing, training, and insurance. Theories behind labor welfare implementation include policy, religion, philanthropy, and public relations motivations. The document outlines the methodology used to study labor welfare measures at a private company.
Economics chapter 2 peolpe resource
Notes About chapter-2 Economics People as Resources
It will be very useful to class 9 student/ Secondary School student to gain the knowledge upon the economy of the India. If you have some doubt then drop down a comment I will try to respond early and also make you clear the doubt on the particular Topic.
Thank you.
Rural unemployment
This document discusses rural unemployment in India. It defines unemployment and outlines unemployment rates in various countries. Rural unemployment is defined as able-bodied persons willing to work being unable to find employment. The main types of unemployment discussed are seasonal, structural, and disguised unemployment. The document then examines the causes of rural unemployment in India, including rapid population growth, pressure on agricultural land, and poverty. Finally, the consequences of rural unemployment are mentioned, such as wastage of human resources and increased pressure on scarce resources.
Hrm
This document provides an overview of human resource management (HRM). It discusses the nature and definition of HRM, as well as the development of the field over time from the Trade Union Movement era to more modern approaches like the Contingency Approach. Key aspects of HRM covered include its importance to organizations and society, definitions from various sources, the significance of human resources as assets, and the relevance of HRM in today's changing business environment with its focus on managing change, developing competence, and achieving competitive advantage through people.
Hrm
This document provides an overview of human resource management (HRM). It discusses the definition of HRM and human resources. The development of HRM is detailed through different eras such as the trade union movement, social responsibility, scientific management, and human relations. Current approaches to HRM like systems approach and contingency approach are also examined. The significance, concepts and relevance of HRM are outlined. The document aims to help readers understand the importance and concept of HRM.
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This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes work-life balance among working mothers in India. It discusses how women now hold a variety of jobs across sectors. The paper aims to compare work-life balance for working mothers in public and private sectors through a survey. It measures six factors influencing work-life balance, including personal, balancing, organizational support, motivational, career advancement, and psychological factors. The results found differences in work-life balance based on these factors and age levels. The study aims to define HR interventions to improve work-life balance for working mothers.UNEMPLOYMENT.
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Labour in economics.
- 2. SUBMITTED TO: Mr. MAHIN SHARIF ASST. PROFESSOR DEPT.OF AGRI.ECONOMICS COLLEGE OF SERICULTURE, CHINTAMANI SUBMITTED BY: MANOHARA K S I BSC (SERI) ID NO SLC3025 COLLEGE OF SERICULTURE, CHINTAMANI
- 3. Labour is a primary factor of production.The size of a nation's labour force is determined by the size of its adult population, and the extent to which the adults are either working or are prepared to offer their labour for wages. Labour is nothing but the all human exertion in the production of wealth and services. INTRODUCTION
- 4. Definition of Labour According to Alferd Marshall, Labour is “Any exertion of the body or mind undertakes Wholly or partly with some object other than the pleasure derived from the labour self. According to A.H.Smith “Labour includes all the efforts made by man to earn a living .“
- 5. CHARACTERISTICS OF LABOURS 1. Labour is In-separable Form of Laborer 2. Labour is Indispensable for Production 3. Labour is perishable 4. Labour is an Active Factor of Production 5. Labour sells his Service not Himself 6. Labour is Both Means and Ends of Production 7. Labour is mobile 8. Labours Differ in Efficiency
- 6. CLASSIFICATION OF FARM LABOUR The paid labour is also classified as skilled and unskille labour. Farmer’s own labour, family labour and permanent/attached labourare fixed resources. While, casual labour is variable resource.
- 7. Features of Indian Agricultural Labour 1. Mostly under-employed 2. Disguised unemployment 3. Growing average size of labour family 4. Low productivity 5. Lack of organisation 6. Low bargaining power and low standard of living 7. Seasonal nature of employment
- 8. EFFICIENCY OF LABOUR According to Dr. Saxsena ‘By efficiency of labour mean the amount of work which a labourer can do within a given time’. As per Mehta ‘By efficiency of labour is the ability of labour by virtue of which it is productive’. Labour equivalents •2 men labour= 3 women labours •1 men labour= 2 children •8 hours= 1 man day
- 9. Improving Efficiency of Farm Labour 1. Education and Training 2. Wage Level 3. Incentive for better work 4. Working condition 5. Business organisation 6. Allowance for bad weather 7. Social and Political Security 8. Trade Union 9. Ability of organizer 10. Planning the requirement 11. Psychological treatment 12. Reducing seasonality