The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The Study on Components of the Rural Structure in TurkeyPremier Publishers
This study conducted the current state of the rural structure in Turkey. Primary data were obtained through face-to-face surveys with the target group in 2018, and secondary data were obtained from the State Institute of Statistics and State Hydraulic Works. In the last two decades’ rural migration reached a level that adversely affects agricultural production. For the 15-45 age group, which is defined as an efficient labor force in agriculture, the city meant benefiting from better jobs, education, and health services. According to land size distribution agribusiness were concentrated in the range of 20-49 decares. It has been determined that the mechanization tendency is the most in this group. The ownership of 2-5 parcels is highest in this size group, and the 6-9 parcel range followed this value. The share of agribusiness that small from 50 decares in the total number of enterprises is 64.8% and the share of these enterprises in the total agricultural land has been determined as 21.34%. It is seen that 1.6% of the arable land is not used. Studies such as land banking can play a key role in improving on land tenure system. These applications require large investments and significant legal regulations.
STUDY ON SUSTAINABLE AND COST EFFECTIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION IN HOUSING SECTORVISHNU VIJAYAN
This project is deals with the study of cost effective construction Techniques in residential projects by Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Gramin Scheme (PMAY-G),. In rural areas there is a huge demand for affordable houses. The government of India launched PMAY-G scheme to provide financial assistance to some of the weakest sections of society for them to upgrade or construct a house of respectable quality for their personal living. The government giving 2 to 3 lakhs for the beneficiaries as a financial support, each house must have the area to350 to 700 Sq.ft.and 3 months of time margin to complete the work.But in the real situation is different PMAY-G beneficiaries doesn’t complete their homes with in the cost, with in the stipulated time, the final result of the house construction becomes incomplete or partially complete in order to avoid such situation, An effective and proper planning must be required, The rural housing scheme will help achieve housing for all by 2022 in Rural areas across the country.
Presentation is an attempt to define agenda for making housing cost-effective through designing, construction, materials and designing green buildings. Paper also looks at the making buildings cost-effective over entire life cycle of the buildings rather than initial cost.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The Study on Components of the Rural Structure in TurkeyPremier Publishers
This study conducted the current state of the rural structure in Turkey. Primary data were obtained through face-to-face surveys with the target group in 2018, and secondary data were obtained from the State Institute of Statistics and State Hydraulic Works. In the last two decades’ rural migration reached a level that adversely affects agricultural production. For the 15-45 age group, which is defined as an efficient labor force in agriculture, the city meant benefiting from better jobs, education, and health services. According to land size distribution agribusiness were concentrated in the range of 20-49 decares. It has been determined that the mechanization tendency is the most in this group. The ownership of 2-5 parcels is highest in this size group, and the 6-9 parcel range followed this value. The share of agribusiness that small from 50 decares in the total number of enterprises is 64.8% and the share of these enterprises in the total agricultural land has been determined as 21.34%. It is seen that 1.6% of the arable land is not used. Studies such as land banking can play a key role in improving on land tenure system. These applications require large investments and significant legal regulations.
STUDY ON SUSTAINABLE AND COST EFFECTIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION IN HOUSING SECTORVISHNU VIJAYAN
This project is deals with the study of cost effective construction Techniques in residential projects by Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Gramin Scheme (PMAY-G),. In rural areas there is a huge demand for affordable houses. The government of India launched PMAY-G scheme to provide financial assistance to some of the weakest sections of society for them to upgrade or construct a house of respectable quality for their personal living. The government giving 2 to 3 lakhs for the beneficiaries as a financial support, each house must have the area to350 to 700 Sq.ft.and 3 months of time margin to complete the work.But in the real situation is different PMAY-G beneficiaries doesn’t complete their homes with in the cost, with in the stipulated time, the final result of the house construction becomes incomplete or partially complete in order to avoid such situation, An effective and proper planning must be required, The rural housing scheme will help achieve housing for all by 2022 in Rural areas across the country.
Presentation is an attempt to define agenda for making housing cost-effective through designing, construction, materials and designing green buildings. Paper also looks at the making buildings cost-effective over entire life cycle of the buildings rather than initial cost.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The transition in the rural economy in the last four decades is examined based on the analysis of growth and composition of output and employment. A reduction in the share of agriculture, and a dominance of non farm activities in the rural economy is noted from 2004–05 onwards. However, agriculture continues to be the predominant source of employment. Employment in the construction sector increased substantially but was not large enough to absorb workers leaving agriculture, resulting in a decline in rural employment after 2004–05. A serious imbalance has emerged in output and employment in different sectors in rural areas requiring urgent attention to create jobs in manufacturing, services, and construction. Creation of jobs in rural areas requires a complete rethink of rural industrialization. Dr. Saroj Kumari "Rural Development Strategies in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49976.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/49976/rural-development-strategies-in-india/dr-saroj-kumari
How lives and livelihoods change over time and the forces behind those changes is key to understanding Development Economics and addressing the issues of the Sustainable Development Goals.
How lives and livelihoods change over time and the forces behind those changes is key to understanding Development Economics and addressing the issues of the Sustainable Development Goals.
In a recently published book “How Lives Change: Palanpur, India and Development Economics”, authors Himanshu, Peter Lanjouw and Nicholas Stern examine data spanning seven decades, on Palanpur, a small, village in Moradabad district of Uttar Pradesh in India. Those involved lived in the village for long periods, examining society, politics and institutions as well as economics, providing a unique opportunity to examine these issues in depth.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The transition in the rural economy in the last four decades is examined based on the analysis of growth and composition of output and employment. A reduction in the share of agriculture, and a dominance of non farm activities in the rural economy is noted from 2004–05 onwards. However, agriculture continues to be the predominant source of employment. Employment in the construction sector increased substantially but was not large enough to absorb workers leaving agriculture, resulting in a decline in rural employment after 2004–05. A serious imbalance has emerged in output and employment in different sectors in rural areas requiring urgent attention to create jobs in manufacturing, services, and construction. Creation of jobs in rural areas requires a complete rethink of rural industrialization. Dr. Saroj Kumari "Rural Development Strategies in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49976.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/49976/rural-development-strategies-in-india/dr-saroj-kumari
How lives and livelihoods change over time and the forces behind those changes is key to understanding Development Economics and addressing the issues of the Sustainable Development Goals.
How lives and livelihoods change over time and the forces behind those changes is key to understanding Development Economics and addressing the issues of the Sustainable Development Goals.
In a recently published book “How Lives Change: Palanpur, India and Development Economics”, authors Himanshu, Peter Lanjouw and Nicholas Stern examine data spanning seven decades, on Palanpur, a small, village in Moradabad district of Uttar Pradesh in India. Those involved lived in the village for long periods, examining society, politics and institutions as well as economics, providing a unique opportunity to examine these issues in depth.
Land Conversion for New Urban Growth and Its Impact –From Dwellers' Point of ...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Do the Slum Dwellers Enjoy the Basic Constitutional and Economic Rights as a ...Basharat Hossain
Bangladesh is a country of about 156million people including nearly 7.81
million of slum people. This paper investigates 28 years data for 1986- 2014
periods on the living standard of slum dwellers of Bangladesh. It presents
the different forms of deprivations, sufferings and miseries of slum people
from basic needs including social, constitutional and economic rights.
More specifically, the wretchedness of slum dwellers in housing, drinking
water, sanitation, food intake, healthcare, education, employment, income
patterns, social status and security, economic and public assistance has
been explored in this paper. In addition, poverty scenario and services of
social organization among slum people has been focused in this paper.
Finally, it recommends some policies to improve the living conditions of
slum dwellers in Bangladesh.
Keywords: Slum Dwellers, Standard of Living, Basic Needs, Constitutional
and Economic rights, Bangladesh
JEL Classification Code: I31, I38, I13, I18, I25, E26, O18, O15, O17
The Indian economy, which is the third largest in the world in terms of purchasing power, is going to touch new heights in the coming years. As predicted by Goldman Sachs, the Global Investment Bank, by 2035 India would be the third largest economy in the world just after U.S. and China. It will grow to 60% of size of the U.S. economy. This booming economy of today has passed through many phases before it achieved the current milestone.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)
1. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
||Volume||2 ||Issue|| 6 ||Pages|| 102-105||2013||
ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 – 1805
Www.Theijes.Com The IJES Page 102
A Step towards Searching Alternative Method for Evaluating
Welfare Loss Caused By Development-Induced Displacement
Tiken Das
--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-----------------------------------------------------------
Displacement and deprivation are intrinsic to India’s development. Though the standard perception is that
development raises the standard of living through economic growth and improved services, studies and
experience in recent decades show that the benefits do not reach every class. On the contrary, some classes pay
the price of the benefits that other classes get. One of its reasons is that development projects require a huge
land area, most of it the resource rich backward regions. The number of displace (DP) and project affected
persons (PAPs) grew with planned development, but the country lacks a reliable database on their numbers, on
their rehabilitation and the extent of land acquired. In various time central government and many state
government has been taken different rehabilitation policies for displace and project affected people. But the
people are not getting proper rehabilitation. Thus the question arises; why is the proper rehabilitation absent?
Is it because of the lack of proper evaluation of welfare loss caused by such displacement? Sometimes the
Contingent Valuation Method and Cost-Benefit Principle have been used to evaluate the welfare loss of
involuntary displacement. But they have not given any suitable result. One should try how best laws, policies etc
can be reconciled with people’s expectation. This would require construction of a social welfare function
without violating the critical no-worse-off principle of social choice theory, from a set of theoretical individual
welfare function. Towards this, identification of determinants of individual welfare function will be done
through secondary as well as primary data.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date of Submission: 07 June 2013, Date of Publication: 15 June 2013
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. INTRODUCTION
Development literature has traditionally presented development as increasing wealth and income, a
higher standard of living, improved technology and industrial progress by creating incentives for investment. Its
criterion is the Gross National Product (GNP) and economic growth. It relies heavily on capital investment and
advanced technology to harness existing natural and human resources. Land is basic to these projects and
usually the state provides it to the executing agencies through compulsory acquisition. Such acquisitions
displace people from their traditional habitats and sustenance. Thus displacement and deprivation are intrinsic to
India’s development. That has been one of the factors leading to rethinking on development. Though the
standard perception is that development raises the standard of living through economic growth and improved
services, studies and experience in recent decades show that the benefits do not reach every class. On the
contrary, some classes pay the price of the benefits that other classes get. One of its reasons is that development
projects require a huge land area, most of it the resource rich backward regions. Many of these areas are
inhabited by tribal and other rural poor classes whom the project forces to sacrifice their sustenance in the name
of national development. But its benefits do not reach them. While displacement thus alienates a large number
of persons from their livelihood, rehabilitation has also been weak in most states.
Development-induced displacement and deprivation is not new in India. It goes back to the age of the
Guptas in the 3rd
to the 6th
century A.D. However, deprivation did not hurt much in the past because of a low
population density and abundant land. It continued in the Mughal age but got intensified in the colonial age and
accelerated further after 1947.
From ancient times to the Mughal age there are several instances of displacement by projects build by
emperors or kings. For example, in the 18th
century the Jai Samand Tank near Udaipur in Rajasthan displaced
many families. The process was intensified in the colonial age since the main objective of colonialism was to
turn the colonies into suppliers of capital and raw material for the European Industrial Revolution and captive
markets for its finished products. Beginning from the early 19th
century the British colonial regime opened coal
mines in Raniganj, coffee plantations in Karnataka, tea gardens in Assam, built the Grand Trunk road, started
the public works Department and initiated countless other projects. The exact number of persons affected by
these changes is not known. Dadhabhai Naoroji (1988) claims that they deprived 35 million persons of their
livelihood, disrupted their lives and impoverished them.
Post- independence India sought to achieve rapid economic growth through planned development
under the successive five year plans. Large-scale investment was made in projects like dams, roads, mines,
2. A Step Towards Searching Alternative …
Www.Theijes.Com The IJES Page 103
power plants, industrial establishment, defence bases, new cities and others. A pre-requisite of these projects
was land acquisition. This brought irreversible changes in land use and in the lives of millions of people who
had earlier depended on that land. The number of displace (DP) and project affected persons (PAPs) grew with
planned development, but the country lacks a reliable database on their numbers, on their rehabilitation and the
extent of land acquired. Some scholars have tried to make an estimate of these numbers. An initial estimate was
21.3 million DP/PAPs 1951-1990 (Fernandes, 1981) but studies of all displacement 1951-1995 in Kerala
(Muricken et al 2003), Andhra Pradesh (Fernandes et al. 2001), Orissa (Fernandes and Asif 1997), Jharkhand
(Ekka and Asif 2000), Goa 1965-2001 (Fernandes and Naik 2001) and West Bengal 1947-2000 (Fernandes et al.
2006) make one believe that their number 1947 through 2000 is much closer to 60 million (Fernandes 2008).
Most DP/PAPs are from the powerless rural poor classes. Tribals constitute 8.08% of the country’s population,
but are estimated to be 40% of the DP/PAPs. Some put their proportion at even 50%. For example, tribals are
40-50% of the 40,000 families uprooted by Sarder Sarovar. In Assam, 90% of the DP/PAPs of the Karbi Longpi
and Kopili Dams were tribal. 20% of the DP/PAPs all over India are Dalits, another 20% belong to other
marginalized classes like the fish and quarry workers (Fernandes & Bharali, 2011).
II. DIFFERENT REHABILITATION POLICIES IN INDIA
One knows that land loss without livelihood alternatives results in impoverishment and
marginalization. The former is expressed in landlessness, joblessness, homelessness, poor food security,
malnutrition, higher exposure to diseases, morbidity and mortality. The latter entails disruption of their social,
cultural and economic networks. Studies show that fewer than 20% of the DPs have been resettled. Orissa has
resettled 35.27% of its DPs1951-95, AP 28.82% and Goa 40.78%. Gujarat has resettled around 20%, Kerala
13% and West Bengal 9%. Even when they are resettled, the DPs are provided very few facilities. As a result,
rehabilitation is low. For example, the irrigation dams like Mayurakshi in West Bengal, Ukai in Gujarat and
Nagarjunasagar in AP did not provide irrigation facilties to their DPs. Many officials say that compensation
itself is rehabilitation. But for exceptions it is paid only for patta land and the amount paid is inadequate
(Fernandes & Bharali, 2011).
All of this shows the need to rehabilitate the DP/PAPs, but the country did not have a rehabilitation
policy or law for more than five decades of planned development. The policies that have now been promulgated
are weak. India adopted its first rehabilitation policy in February 2004 and a second one with a few changes on
October 31, 2007. But those sets of policies were only drafts and were never placed in parliament for discussion
(Guha, 2005). Most persons involved in action or studies among the DP/PAPs have expressed dissatisfaction
over these documents. The Land Acquisition Act, 1894 does not have any provisions for rehabilitation
(Vaswani, Dhagamwar and Thukral, 1990). At the central level, the process of policy formulation began with
the T.N. Singh Formula 1967 which stipulated that public sector mines and industries give a job per displaced
family. SCOPE, the apex body of public enterprises, abandoned it in 1986 because unskilled jobs are become
scarce after the move towards mechanization. The next step was taken 18 years later in 1985 when the
Department of Tribal Welfare of the Ministry of Welfare appointed a Committee agreed with the need for a
policy but said that it should apply to all the DPs, not tribal people alone. Eight more years later, in 1993, the
Ministry of Rural Development prepared a new draft policy and revised it in 1994. Silence followed untills 1998
when the Ministry of Rural Development prepared a new draft. The alliance found much of this new draft
acceptable, but the same Ministry also prepared amendments to the Land Acquisition Act that went against most
of the principles enunciated in the draft. The ministry of rural development has made public a draft National
Rehabilitation Policy in 2006. But unfortunately, the draft of 2006 pointedly excludes unmarried adult daughters
from being treated as a family (Singh, 2006). Way back in 1980, the World Bank adopted a policy concerning
involuntary resettlement. But this policy makes no provision for information to and consultation with the public,
before a decision is taken about the project that displaces them (Sahaee, 2003).
In 1985, Madhya Pradesh enacted a law for resettlement and rehabilitation that did not apply to central
government projects (Guha, 2005). West Bengal and Assam still continue have a substantive number of
displaced families through land acquisition and till today have shown no interest in enacting any rehabilitation
law in the states (Guha, 2001). Though Orissa’s draft resettlement and rehabilitation policy 2006 is an
improvement upon the National Policy, it does not address the issue of gender properly (Jena, 2006). None of
the policies has specific provisions for landless laborers who has been given agricultural land by the reform
programs, but again loses land through acquisition for a development projects (Guha, 2005). Thus the question
arises; why is the proper rehabilitation absent? Is it because of the lack of proper evaluation of welfare loss
caused by such displacement?
III. METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES
Majority of policies in our country has not evaluated welfare loss properly. The Land Acquisition Act,
1894 (Amended in 1984) provides for payment of only cash compensation and only to those who have a direct
3. A Step Towards Searching Alternative …
Www.Theijes.Com The IJES Page 104
interest in the title to such land (Vaswani, 1988). The law does not compensate loss of livelihood, loss of shelter,
loss of habitat, loss of cultural resources, loss of access to basic amenities (Mander, 2005). None of the policies
of India like National Rehabilitation Policy- 2004, Gol Draft- 2006, Orissa’s Draft Resettlement and
Rehabilitation Policy- 2006 have not been included the traumatic psychological and socio- cultural
consequences of involuntary displacement properly (Jena, 2006). Policies of India do not aware of the element
of human rights in case of involuntary displacement (Cullet, 2001).
Because of the disturbance of these factors, the project affected person has not remained in the same
position as before. But according to the principle of “no-worse-off” put forth by Pareto, the post-project well
being of the household should remain at least same as before. According to the no-worse-off principle, a Pareto
improvement is a situation where it is possible to make at least one-person better- off without making anyone
worse- off. When cases are distinctly marked by Pareto improvements choice becomes evident. The problem
starts when somebody is made better off at the expense of some others well-being. Under such a situation,
compensation criterion posits that if gainers can compensate losers so that losers are made at least no worse off
than before; and gainers still remain with some gain then obviously this simply indicates a Pareto improved
situation and, hence, indicative of increase in welfare. The validity of such a compensation criteria in the form
of actual transfer of resources from gainers to losers, although, is justified by of Pareto criteria, however, is
conditioned by some strong a priori assumptions like equal marginal utility of money across all echelons of
income distribution.
Sometimes the Contingent Valuation Method and Cost-Benefit Principle have been used to evaluate the
welfare loss of involuntary displacement. But they have not given any suitable result. In cost-benefit principle,
“costs of resettlement are calculated as part of the total project cost.” Since efficient project design framework
insists upon minimization of costs of all sorts, there is an inherent risk and tendency of under-compensation
when resettlement cost is conceived as a constituent of total project cost. Cost-benefit analysis justifies a project
economically when the sum of a projects benefit outweighs the sum of project costs. But cost-benefit analysis
overlooks distribution patterns- distribution of both costs and benefits. It does not ask who is paying the costs,
who specifically is getting the benefits, or who is losing. It only assesses the total effect of the project design to
determine how it stacks up relative to other involuntary alternatives (Cernea, 1999). Cost-benefit analysis also
does not answer the risk accruing to various subsets of individual. Real impoverishment risks are distributed
differently than project benefits. Aggregate benefits may be real, but they do not automatically offset each
individual costs. Cost-benefit analysis is methodologically questionable not only from a social perspective, but
also from a market perspective. Market valuation is based on voluntary exchange between a willing seller and a
willing buyer. Resettlement is involuntary; it imposes administrative acquisition of assets (Cernea, 1999).
Although, contingent valuation method used most widely to evaluate welfare loss, but it is based on an
unrealistic assumption that marginal utility of money is constant for all people (Hanley, Shogren & White,
2005). Apart from this, it suffers a systematic over or under-statement of true willingness to Pay or willingness
to accept compensation (Hanley, Shogren & White, 2005). Thus it is clear that welfare loss caused by
involuntary displacement has not been evaluated properly till now. Lack of a rigorous and generally accepted
methodology leaves room for large degrees of imprecision and arbitrariness in allocations. The result is the
under-financing of resettlement operations in project after project. Such under-financing directly deprives
projects and resettlers of the material means needed for post-displacement recovery and development (Cernea,
1999).
IV. CONCLUSION
The study pointed out that displacement has been high and resettlement has been poor. The policies
only speak of the need to minimize displacement without specifying the modes of doing it. The rehabilitation
policies have some good points but in their present form they cannot result in rehabilitation. In different times
various methods have been used to evaluate the welfare loss caused by development induced displacement. It is
clear that welfare loss caused by involuntary displacement has not been evaluated properly till now. One should
try how best laws, policies etc can be reconciled with people’s expectation. This would require construction of a
social welfare function without violating the critical no-worse-off principle of social choice theory, from a set of
theoretical individual welfare function. Towards this, identification of determinants of individual welfare
function will be done through secondary as well as primary data.
REFERENCES:
[1.] Bhaduri, Amit (2007): Development or Developmental Terrorism (EPW- 17 Feb, 2007).
[2.] Cullet, Philippe (2001): Human Rights and Displacement; The Indian Supreme Court Decision on Sardar Sarovar in International
Perspective, Cambridge University Press.
[3.] Cernea, Michael M (1999): Why Economic Analysis Is Essential to Resettlement; A Socialists View (EPW,Vol 34, No 31(jul,
31,1999)
[4.] Desai Kaivalya, Jain Vineet, Pandey Rahul, Srikant P and Trivedi Upmanyu (2007): Rehabilitation of the Indira Sagar Pariyojana
4. A Step Towards Searching Alternative …
Www.Theijes.Com The IJES Page 105
Displaced (EPW- Dec 22, 2007).
[5.] Fernandes, Walter (2004): Rehabilitation Policy for the Displaced (file://C:programFileEPW1datadata20046967.html)
[6.] Fernandes, Walter (2007): Singur and the Displacement Scenario (EPW- January 20, 2007).
[7.] Fernandes, Walter and Bharali, Gita (2011): Uprooted For Whose Benefit? Development-Induced Displacement in Assam 1947-
2000, North Eastern Social Research Centre, Guwahati
[8.] Gohain, Hiren (2006): Land Question in Assam (EPW- August 12, 2006).
[9.] Guha, Abhijit (2005): Resettlement and Rehabilitation, First National Policy
(file://C:programFilesEPW2005datadata20049327).
[10.] Hussain, Monirul (2006): Internally Displaced Persons in India’s North-East (EPW Feb 4, 2006, pp- 391 to 393).
[11.] Jena, Manipadma (2006): Orissa’s Draft Resettlement and Rehabilitation (EPW Feb. 4, 2006 pp- 384 to 387).
[12.] Little, I.M.D (2003): A Critique of Welfare Economics, OXFORD University Press.
[13.] Lustig, Doreen and Kingsbury Benedict (2006): Displacement and Relocation from protected Areas; International Law
Perspectives on Rights, Risks and Resistance, New York University School of Law.
[14.] Mohanty, Biswaranjan (2005): Displacement and Rehabilitation of Tribal (file://Cprogram FilesEPW2005
datadata20048438.html).
Mander, Harsh (2005): Displacement with State Subterfuge, Case Study of India Sagar Pariyojana (EPW, Nov 26, 2005, pp-5056
to 5066).
[15.] Palit, Chittaroopa (2004): Short- Changing the Displaced, National Rehabilitation Policy (file://C:program
FilesEPW1datadata20047374.html).
[16.] Rao, Nitya (2005): Displacement from Land; Case of Santhal Parganas (EPW- October 8, 2005).
[17.] Sen, Jai (1995): National Rehabilitation Policy, a Critique (EPW, Feb 4, 1995, pp- 241 to 244).
[18.] Singh, Shekhar (2006): Displacement and Rehabilitation (EPW, Dec 30, 2006, pp- 5307 to 5309).
[19.] Sarkar Sandip, Mishra Sunil, Dayal Harishwar & Nathan Dev (2006): Development and Deprivation of Scheduled Tribes (EPW-
November 18, 2006).