This document discusses aspects of second language acquisition, including developmental patterns and stages, order of acquisition, and language transfer. It outlines 5 stages of language development, from pre-production to advanced fluency, and notes common orders of difficulty for acquiring grammatical morphemes. Additionally, it explains contrastive analysis and the concepts of intralingual and interlingual transfer in second language acquisition.

1. UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA EXPERIMENTAL LIBERTADOR
INSTITUTO PEDAGÓGICO DE CARACAS
DEPARTAMENTO DE IDIOMAS MODERNOS
PROGRAMA DE INGLÉS
CÁTEDRA DE LINGÜÍSTICA
SOME ASPECTS ABOUT
SECOND LANGUAGE
ACQUISTION
Teacher: Mirna Quintero Student: Francisco de Barnola

2. SOME ASPECTS ABOUT SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISTION
DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS
Development, which essentially means change is the result of the
complex interactions between many processes or stages
( Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010)
Stage I: Pre-production
Silent Period
Up to 500 words
Parroting
Able to respond to pictures and other
visuals
Duplicates gestures and movements to
show comprehension

3. SOME ASPECTS ABOUT SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISTION
DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS
Stage II: Early Production
Up to 1000 words
Can speak in on or two more
phrases
Can use short language chunks
Teachers should:
• Provide listening activities
•build vocabulary using pictures
•Use pictures and realia to
support questions

4. SOME ASPECTS ABOUT SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISTION
DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS
Stage III: Speech emergence
Up to 3000 words
Can speak with simple phrases and
sentences
Ask simple questions : “May I go to
bathroom?
Understand easy stories
Do content work with teacher
support

5. SOME ASPECTS ABOUT SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISTION
DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS
Stage IV: Intermediate Fluency
Up to 6000 words
Can speak with complex sentences
Willing to express opinions and share
their thoughts
Understand complex concepts
Comprehension of English Literature

6. SOME ASPECTS ABOUT SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISTION
DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS
Stage V: Advanced Fluency
Student at this stage will be near-native
in their ability to perform in content area
learning

7. SOME ASPECTS ABOUT SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISTION
L2 ORDER OF ACQUISITION
The order of acquisition is a concept in language acquisition that all
learners of a given language will learn the grammatical features of
that language in roughly the same order. (Encyclopedia Britannica,
2010)
Common L2 order of difficulty for grammatical morphemes (Dulay
and Burt, 1973 cited by Cook , 1993)
1 plural “-s” “Books”
2 progressive “-ing” “John going”
3 copula “be” “John is here”
4 auxiliary “be” “John is going”
5 articles “the/a” “The books”
6 irregular past tense “John went”
7 third person “-s” “John likes books”
8 possessive “’s” “John’s book”

8. SOME ASPECTS ABOUT SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISTION
L2 SEQUENCE OF ACQUISITION
Particular grammatical features in a language have a fixed sequence of
development, but the overall order of acquisition is less rigid. (Cook,
1993)

9. SOME ASPECTS ABOUT SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISTION
Contrastive Analysis
The patterns that caused difficulty could be predicted and described.
(Lado, in Brown 2007)

10. SOME ASPECTS ABOUT SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISTION
Contrastive Analysis

11. SOME ASPECTS ABOUT SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISTION
Language Transfer : Intralingua /
Interlingua
Interlingual transfer from the native language (L1) to
the L2
by sheep
Interference

12. SOME ASPECTS ABOUT SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISTION
Language Transfer : Intralingua /
Interlingua
Intralingual transfer (within the target language itself)
Overgeneralization
e.g. “He goed”;
“The window broke”

13. REFERENCES
Brown, H (2007) Principles of Language Learning and teaching,
Fifth Edition. San Francisco State University: Longman
Haynes, J (2010) . San Francisco State University: Stages of Second
Language Acquisition. [Document Online] Available :
http://www.everythingesl.net/inservices/language_stages.php
[Consulted : May, 20, 2012]
Cook, V . L2 sequences of acquisition. [Document Online] Available :
http://homepage.ntlworld.com/vivian.c/SLA/L2sequences.htm
[Consulted : May, 20, 2012]