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Second Language Learning

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Second Language Learning Five Stages Strategies of for Acquisition Fluency
Five Stages of Acquisition Pre- production Advanced Early Fluency Production Intermediate Beginning Fluency Fluency
Pre-Production /The Silent Period Individualized Duration Absorbing Information 500 Words
Early Production Approximately Six Months Emphasis on Listening Absorbing Information Speaking Some Short Words Short Sentences 1000 Words Many Errors Eager to Understand
(Speech Emergent) Greater Understanding Relies on Context Clues Familiar Topics Only Speaking More Frequently Longer Words Longer Sentences 3000 Words
Beginning Fluency Basic Information Communication System Social Emotional Difficulties Academic Language Self-Expression 3000 Words Lacking Vocabulary Lacking Phrases
Intermediate Fluency Almost Fluent/ Few Errors Offers Opinions Analyzes Problems Basic Information Communication Skills Socially Engaged Self-Expression Comprehensive Academic Language Proficiency Lacking Vocabulary Comprehension of Content Area
Advanced Fluency Accented, if Post-Puberty Problems with Idioms Essentially Fluent
Influences on Fluency Strength of First Language Skills Quality/ Quantity Input Motivation/ Attitude Egocentricity/ Peer Pressure Plasticity/ Critical Period Accent/ Fossilization
Progression of Fluency Listening Speaking Reading Writing
Influential Research Zone of Proximal Development– (Vygotsky, 1978) Social and Psychological Distance- (Schumann, 1978) BICS/ CALP- (Cummins, 2000) Theories of Second Language Acquisition- (Krashen, 2003)
Stephen Krashen Theory of Second Language Acquisition • The Learning/ Acquisition Hypothesis • The Natural Order Hypothesis • The Monitor Hypothesis • The Input Hypothesis • The Affective Filter Hypothesis • The Critical Period Hypothesis
Strategies for Fluency Pre-Production/ The Silent Period Early Production (Speech Emergent)/ Beginning Fluency Intermediate Fluency Advanced Fluency
Pre-Production /The Silent Period Listening/ Pointing/ Gesturing/ Acting Peer Interpretation No Error Correction/ Model Proper Language Model Survival Language Read-Aloud Music
Early Production Create Opportunities to Produce Simple Language Model Correct Language Ask Questions: Yes/ No and Either/ Or Accept One and Two Word Answers Point and Say the Words Encourage Pairing and Group Work
(Speech Emergent) Focus on Academic Vocabulary Modify Content Area Two-Step Directions Texts Use Background Knowledge Visuals, Charts, Graphs Student Re-Tells Stories Modeling Corrections and Questioning Ask: "Why?", "Explain." Ask for Short Answers
Beginning Fluency Increase Vocabulary i=1 Flashcards + Sound-out Wordbanks Reading Phonetically Content Area Texts Writing
Intermediate Fluency
Advanced Fluency

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Second Language Learning

  • 1. Second Language Learning Five Stages Strategies of for Acquisition Fluency
  • 2. Five Stages of Acquisition Pre- production Advanced Early Fluency Production Intermediate Beginning Fluency Fluency
  • 3. Pre-Production /The Silent Period Individualized Duration Absorbing Information 500 Words
  • 4. Early Production Approximately Six Months Emphasis on Listening Absorbing Information Speaking Some Short Words Short Sentences 1000 Words Many Errors Eager to Understand
  • 5. (Speech Emergent) Greater Understanding Relies on Context Clues Familiar Topics Only Speaking More Frequently Longer Words Longer Sentences 3000 Words
  • 6. Beginning Fluency Basic Information Communication System Social Emotional Difficulties Academic Language Self-Expression 3000 Words Lacking Vocabulary Lacking Phrases
  • 7. Intermediate Fluency Almost Fluent/ Few Errors Offers Opinions Analyzes Problems Basic Information Communication Skills Socially Engaged Self-Expression Comprehensive Academic Language Proficiency Lacking Vocabulary Comprehension of Content Area
  • 8. Advanced Fluency Accented, if Post-Puberty Problems with Idioms Essentially Fluent
  • 9. Influences on Fluency Strength of First Language Skills Quality/ Quantity Input Motivation/ Attitude Egocentricity/ Peer Pressure Plasticity/ Critical Period Accent/ Fossilization
  • 10. Progression of Fluency Listening Speaking Reading Writing
  • 11. Influential Research Zone of Proximal Development– (Vygotsky, 1978) Social and Psychological Distance- (Schumann, 1978) BICS/ CALP- (Cummins, 2000) Theories of Second Language Acquisition- (Krashen, 2003)
  • 12. Stephen Krashen Theory of Second Language Acquisition • The Learning/ Acquisition Hypothesis • The Natural Order Hypothesis • The Monitor Hypothesis • The Input Hypothesis • The Affective Filter Hypothesis • The Critical Period Hypothesis
  • 13. Strategies for Fluency Pre-Production/ The Silent Period Early Production (Speech Emergent)/ Beginning Fluency Intermediate Fluency Advanced Fluency
  • 14. Pre-Production /The Silent Period Listening/ Pointing/ Gesturing/ Acting Peer Interpretation No Error Correction/ Model Proper Language Model Survival Language Read-Aloud Music
  • 15. Early Production Create Opportunities to Produce Simple Language Model Correct Language Ask Questions: Yes/ No and Either/ Or Accept One and Two Word Answers Point and Say the Words Encourage Pairing and Group Work
  • 16. (Speech Emergent) Focus on Academic Vocabulary Modify Content Area Two-Step Directions Texts Use Background Knowledge Visuals, Charts, Graphs Student Re-Tells Stories Modeling Corrections and Questioning Ask: "Why?", "Explain." Ask for Short Answers
  • 17. Beginning Fluency Increase Vocabulary i=1 Flashcards + Sound-out Wordbanks Reading Phonetically Content Area Texts Writing