The document summarizes two case studies on second language acquisition. The first case study followed a Japanese man named Wes learning English in Hawaii over three years through naturalistic exposure. It found that while his grammar accuracy did not reach native levels, he developed communication abilities. The second case study compared two boys, J from Portugal and R from Pakistan, learning English in a classroom setting. It found that both were able to perform simple requests and their abilities developed sequentially despite different first languages. The studies illustrate the complexity of second language acquisition and need for distinguishing between learner knowledge and performance.