L16.1 Progression Network

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This document discusses signal coordination between intersections. It defines key terms like offset, bandwidth, and cycle length that are important for progression. The document explains that signals less than a mile apart should be coordinated to allow vehicles to move efficiently through multiple intersections. A time-space diagram is used to visualize the offset between green lights. The ideal offset is calculated as the time needed for a vehicle to travel between signals. Coordinating multiple arterial roads requires analyzing each road separately and adjusting offsets so that progression can be achieved on both roads simultaneously. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate offsets between intersecting arterial roads.

Engineering

Network Signal Coordination
CIVL 4162/6162

Learning Objectives
• Define progression of signalized intersections
• Quantify offset, bandwidth, bandwidth
capacity
• Compute progression of one-way streets, two-
way streets, and networks
• Estimate progression by different types

Progression: Why Needed
• Where signals are close enough together
• Vehicles arrive in platoons
• It is necessary to coordinate their times so
that vehicles may move efficiently through set
of signals

Signal Spacing and Progression
• In some cases signals are so closely spaced
that they should be considered as one signal
• In other cases, signals are so far apart that
they may be considered as isolated
• Common practice is to coordinate signals less
than a mile apart on major streets and
highways

Key Requirement
• All intersections in system are to have the
same cycle length or multiple of minimum
cycle length
– long enough to provide sufficient capacity at the
busiest intersection
• System cycle length is determined through a
series of steps
– determine the minimum (optimum) cycle length
at each intersection
•as if they are isolated signals

Time Space Diagram
• Path a vehicles
takes as time passes
• t=t1
– first signal turns green
• t=t2
– vehicle reaches second
signal
• Offset: Difference
between green
initiation times
(t2-t1)

Offset
• Ideal offset is defined as time needed for the
first vehicle of the platoon just arrives at the
downstream signal when its green
– tideal: ideal offset, sec
– L: Distance between signalized intersections, ft
– S: Vehicle speed, ft/sec
• Offset is a positive number between zero and
cycle length
𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 =
𝐿
𝑆

Optimization for Two or More
Arterials
• When optimizing using Synchro’s
‘Network Cycle Length’, many times it
gives ‘Mixed Cycle Length’ (and not
multiple of minimum cycle length)
• When you use mixed cycle length, the
progression can not be achieved.
• In such situation, you have to analyze the
arterials independently.

Optimization for Two or More
Arterials
• When the arterials are separately
(independently) analyzed, progression on
both arterials can be achieved.
• However, the offset for both the arterials
shall be adjusted such that both the
arterials get the desired progression.
• Usually, offset of one of the arterial’s is
fixed (due to jurisdictional boundary, or
other reason) and the offset for the other
arterial is adjusted accordingly.

Here, both 14 Mile Road and
Farmington Road are two
arterials and both require
progression.
Source: WSU CIVIL 7670

The timing plan for 14 Mile Road is as shown below.
Adjusting Offsets for Progression of Cross
Arterials – A Practical Example -1
Cycle Length = 80 sec: Offset for 14 Mile Road (East-West) =29 sec)
The timing plan (splits, phasing patterns and cycle length) for Cross
Arterials (Farmington Road) shall also be the same, except
OFFSET for Cross Arterial (Farmington Road).
The offset for Farmington Road in this example = 29 sec+49 sec =
78 sec
49 sec 31 sec
Source: WSU CIVIL 7670

Adjusting Offsets for Progression of Cross
Arterials – A Practical Example - 2
Source: WSU CIVIL 7670

The timing plan for 13 Mile Road is as shown below.
Adjusting Offsets for Progression of Cross
Arterials – A Practical Example - 2
Cycle Length = 80 sec: Offset for 13 Mile Road (East-West) =76 sec)
The timing plan (splits, phasing patterns and cycle length) for Cross
Arterials (Farmington Road) shall also be the same, except
OFFSET for Cross Arterial (Farmington Road).
The offset for Farmington Road in this example = 76 sec+(31sec+10
sec) – (80 sec) = 37 sec
31 sec 10 sec
29 sec
10 sec
Source: WSU CIVIL 7670

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09 Drainage (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة السكك الحديدية & Dr. Walied A...

Hossam Shafiq I

This document discusses railway track drainage. It begins by introducing track drainage and distinguishing between surface and sub-surface drainage. Sources of moisture that can affect tracks are then outlined. The importance of track drainage is discussed, noting that it prevents problems like wet earth clogging ballast and ballast sinking into wet earth. Surface drainage and various methods of sub-surface drainage, like inverted filler blankets and pervious layers, are covered. Problems associated with bad drainage like clogging and ballast sinking are explained, along with remedies for those issues.

08 Maintenance of Railway Tracks (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة السكك ال...

Hossam Shafiq I

07 Construction and Renewal of Tracks (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة الس...

Hossam Shafiq I

06 Creep of Rails (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة السكك الحديدية & Dr. Wa...

Hossam Shafiq I

Rail creep is defined as the longitudinal movement of rails with respect to sleepers in a railway track. The most serious effect of rail creep is buckling of the track laterally, which can result in derailment if not addressed. There are several causes of rail creep, including wave action as wheels load and unload the rails, percussion from rail joints, dragging forces as trains start and stop, and thermal expansion/contraction from temperature changes. To remedy rail creep, tracks are adjusted through manual means such as grinding rails, replacing worn fastenings, or using mechanical correctors that push rails back into position.

05 Welded Track (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة السكك الحديدية & Dr. Wali...

Hossam Shafiq I

This document summarizes information about welded railway tracks from a textbook chapter. It introduces welded joints and long welded rails (LWR) as ways to reduce the number of weak rail joints. LWR terminology like "breathing length" is defined. Continuous welded rails (CWR) that have no joints at all are also discussed. Theories for how LWR works are presented, including equations for calculating the force and amount of expansion/contraction based on factors like the coefficient of linear thermal expansion, modulus of elasticity, and breathing length of the rail. An example problem is referenced from the textbook.

05 Rail Joints (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة السكك الحديدية & Dr. Walie...

Hossam Shafiq I

The document discusses different types of rail joints used in railway tracks, including supported, suspended, bridge, welded, staggered, square, compromise, insulated, and switch expansion joints. It notes that welded rail joints are the strongest and most perfect type but require accommodating thermal expansion, and describes various rail welding methods like electric arc, oxyacetylene, flash-butt, and chemical thermit welding. The document also covers advantages of welded rails, theory of welded rails, and provides an example calculation for railway track construction.

05 Rails (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة السكك الحديدية & Dr. Walied A. E...

Hossam Shafiq I

The document summarizes key aspects of railway engineering as it relates to rails, including: - Standard rail sections used internationally and factors that influence rail selection. - Common rail tests like falling weight, tensile strength, and hammer tests. - Types of rail defects like wear, battering, hogging, and corrugation - their causes and remedial measures. - Methods to measure rail wear including weighing and laser profiling of rail sections.

04 Ballast (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة السكك الحديدية & Dr. Walied A....

Hossam Shafiq I

This document discusses railway ballast, including its definition, functions, types used in Saudi Arabia, requirements, gradation, cleaning, minimum depth, construction, and relationship with sub-ballast. It notes that crushed limestone is commonly used for ballast in central Saudi Arabia but can chemically bond, reducing elasticity. The document asks students to calculate the volume of ballast and sub-ballast needed for 1 km of track in KSA, and provides an assignment on sub-ballast specifications per AREMA standards.

04 Rail Sleepers (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة السكك الحديدية & Dr. Wal...

Hossam Shafiq I

This document discusses different types of rail sleepers used in railway engineering, including their requirements, classification, materials, and practices in Saudi Arabia. The main types are wooden, steel, and concrete sleepers. Wooden sleepers have a life of 10-12 years but are suitable for many conditions. Steel sleepers last longer at 20-25 years but are prone to corrosion and expensive. Concrete sleepers, increasingly used in Saudi Arabia, are durable with a life of 40-50 years and offer stability, insulation, and gauge control. They are manufactured using pre-stressed concrete and a carousel curing process in Saudi plants.

03 Train Resistance and Tractive Power (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة ال...

Hossam Shafiq I

02 Handout #1 (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة السكك الحديدية & Dr. Walied...

Hossam Shafiq I

02 Rail Transport Systems (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة السكك الحديدية ...

Hossam Shafiq I

02 Railway Terminology (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة السكك الحديدية & D...

Hossam Shafiq I

This document provides an overview of key railway engineering terminologies and concepts in 3 paragraphs: Railway track structures transfer load from rolling stock to the ground. There are two main types: ballasted tracks using crushed stone ballast and ballastless tracks. Rails are the main component of tracks and come in different profiles like flat foot and bullhead. Rail fastenings fix rails to sleepers. Sleepers support rails and transfer load to ballast. Rolling stock refers to any vehicles that run on tracks. The main types are locomotives, coaching stock for passengers, and goods stock for cargo. Locomotives provide motive power and come in diesel or electric models. Coaching stock includes passenger coaches and luggage v

01 Introduction (Railway Engineering Lectures هندسة السكك الحديدية & Dr. Wali...

Hossam Shafiq I

This document provides an overview of CE 435 Railway Engineering course taught by Walied A. Elsaigh at King Saud University. The course covers topics such as train dynamics and energy, railroad track, railroad constructions and maintenance, railway yards and terminals, communication and signals, and railway safety. It also outlines the textbook, additional readings, assignments, exams, and grade distribution. Finally, it introduces the Saudi railway network which includes projects like the North-South Rail Project, Haramain High Speed Rail, and light rail systems in major cities.

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